Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 4/2012

01-04-2012 | Head and Neck

Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in parotid gland cancer

Authors: Markus Stenner, Ariane Demgensky, Christoph Molls, Aline Hardt, Jan C. Luers, Maria Grosheva, Christian U. Huebbers, Jens P. Klussmann

Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | Issue 4/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Although cell proliferation is related to tumour aggressiveness and prognosis, there are few studies describing the expression of proliferative markers in salivary gland cancer. Our aim was to assess the long-term prognostic value of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in a large group of histologically different salivary gland cancers. We analysed the expression of PCNA in 159 patients with parotid gland cancer by means of immunohistochemistry. The mean follow-up time was 56.6 months. A high expression of PCNA showed a significant correlation to the patients’ pathological lymph node stage (p = 0.004). A high PCNA expression significantly indicated a poor 5-year disease-free (p = 0.046) and overall survival rate (p = 0.018). The PCNA expression was the only prognostic factor for a worse 5-year disease-free and overall survival in acinic cell carcinomas (p = 0.004, p = 0.022). The correlation between PCNA expression and survival probabilities of salivary gland cancer might make proliferation markers helpful tools in patient follow-up, prognosis and targeted therapy in salivary gland cancer in future.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D (2005) Tumours of the salivary gland. Pathology and genetics. Head and neck tumours. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. IARC Press, Lyon, pp 209–281 Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D (2005) Tumours of the salivary gland. Pathology and genetics. Head and neck tumours. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. IARC Press, Lyon, pp 209–281
2.
go back to reference Vander Poorten VL (2002) Salivary gland carcinoma—stepping up the prognostic ladder. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Vander Poorten VL (2002) Salivary gland carcinoma—stepping up the prognostic ladder. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
3.
go back to reference Boukheris H, Curtis RE, Land CE, Dores GM (2009) Incidence of carcinoma of the major salivary glands according to the WHO classification, 1992 to 2006: a population-based study in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18(11):2899–2906PubMedCrossRef Boukheris H, Curtis RE, Land CE, Dores GM (2009) Incidence of carcinoma of the major salivary glands according to the WHO classification, 1992 to 2006: a population-based study in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18(11):2899–2906PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Chandana SR, Conley BA (2008) Salivary gland cancers: current treatments, molecular characteristics and new therapies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 8(4):645–652PubMedCrossRef Chandana SR, Conley BA (2008) Salivary gland cancers: current treatments, molecular characteristics and new therapies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 8(4):645–652PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Nagliati M, Bolner A, Vanoni V, Tomio L, Lay G, Murtas R et al (2009) Surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant parotid tumors: a retrospective multicenter study. Tumori 95(4):442–448PubMed Nagliati M, Bolner A, Vanoni V, Tomio L, Lay G, Murtas R et al (2009) Surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant parotid tumors: a retrospective multicenter study. Tumori 95(4):442–448PubMed
6.
go back to reference Hamakawa H, Nakashiro K, Sumida T, Shintani S, Myers JN, Takes RP et al (2008) Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer. Head Neck 30(6):800–809PubMedCrossRef Hamakawa H, Nakashiro K, Sumida T, Shintani S, Myers JN, Takes RP et al (2008) Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer. Head Neck 30(6):800–809PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Laurie SA, Licitra L (2006) Systemic therapy in the palliative management of advanced salivary gland cancers. J Clin Oncol 24(17):2673–2678PubMedCrossRef Laurie SA, Licitra L (2006) Systemic therapy in the palliative management of advanced salivary gland cancers. J Clin Oncol 24(17):2673–2678PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Poorten VV, Hart A, Vauterin T, Jeunen G, Schoenaers J, Hamoir M et al (2009) Prognostic index for patients with parotid carcinoma: international external validation in a Belgian–German database. Cancer 115(3):540–550PubMedCrossRef Poorten VV, Hart A, Vauterin T, Jeunen G, Schoenaers J, Hamoir M et al (2009) Prognostic index for patients with parotid carcinoma: international external validation in a Belgian–German database. Cancer 115(3):540–550PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Stenner M, Klussmann JP (2009) Current update on established and novel biomarkers in salivary gland carcinoma pathology and the molecular pathways involved. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266(3):333–341PubMedCrossRef Stenner M, Klussmann JP (2009) Current update on established and novel biomarkers in salivary gland carcinoma pathology and the molecular pathways involved. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266(3):333–341PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Stenner M, Weinell A, Ponert T, Hardt A, Hahn M, Preuss SF et al (2010) Cytoplasmic expression of survivin is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with salivary gland cancer. Histopathology 57(5):699–706PubMedCrossRef Stenner M, Weinell A, Ponert T, Hardt A, Hahn M, Preuss SF et al (2010) Cytoplasmic expression of survivin is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with salivary gland cancer. Histopathology 57(5):699–706PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference van Diest PJ, Brugal G, Baak JP (1998) Proliferation markers in tumours: interpretation and clinical value. J Clin Pathol 51(10):716–724PubMedCrossRef van Diest PJ, Brugal G, Baak JP (1998) Proliferation markers in tumours: interpretation and clinical value. J Clin Pathol 51(10):716–724PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Tubiana M, Courdi A (1989) Cell proliferation kinetics in human solid tumors: relation to probability of metastatic dissemination and long-term survival. Radiother Oncol 15(1):1–18PubMedCrossRef Tubiana M, Courdi A (1989) Cell proliferation kinetics in human solid tumors: relation to probability of metastatic dissemination and long-term survival. Radiother Oncol 15(1):1–18PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Takahashi M, Adachi T, Matsui R, Miyokawa N (1998) Assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining in parotid tumors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 255(6):311–314PubMedCrossRef Takahashi M, Adachi T, Matsui R, Miyokawa N (1998) Assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining in parotid tumors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 255(6):311–314PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Luukkaa H, Klemi P, Leivo I, Vahlberg T, Grenman R (2006) Prognostic significance of Ki-67 and p53 as tumor markers in salivary gland malignancies in Finland: an evaluation of 212 cases. Acta Oncol 45(6):669–675PubMedCrossRef Luukkaa H, Klemi P, Leivo I, Vahlberg T, Grenman R (2006) Prognostic significance of Ki-67 and p53 as tumor markers in salivary gland malignancies in Finland: an evaluation of 212 cases. Acta Oncol 45(6):669–675PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Vacchi-Suzzi M, Bocciolini C, Bertarelli C, Dall’olio D (2010) Ki-67 proliferation rate as a prognostic marker in major salivary gland carcinomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 119(10):677–683PubMed Vacchi-Suzzi M, Bocciolini C, Bertarelli C, Dall’olio D (2010) Ki-67 proliferation rate as a prognostic marker in major salivary gland carcinomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 119(10):677–683PubMed
16.
go back to reference Suzzi MV, Alessi A, Bertarelli C, Cancellieri A, Procaccio L, Dall’olio D et al (2005) Prognostic relevance of cell proliferation in major salivary gland carcinomas. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 25(3):161–168PubMed Suzzi MV, Alessi A, Bertarelli C, Cancellieri A, Procaccio L, Dall’olio D et al (2005) Prognostic relevance of cell proliferation in major salivary gland carcinomas. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 25(3):161–168PubMed
17.
go back to reference Pich A, Chiusa L, Navone R (2004) Prognostic relevance of cell proliferation in head and neck tumors. Ann Oncol 15(9):1319–1329PubMedCrossRef Pich A, Chiusa L, Navone R (2004) Prognostic relevance of cell proliferation in head and neck tumors. Ann Oncol 15(9):1319–1329PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Nagler RM, Ben-Izhak O, Ostrovsky D, Golz A, Hershko DD (2009) The expression and prognostic significance of Cks1 in salivary cancer. Cancer Invest 27(5):512–520PubMedCrossRef Nagler RM, Ben-Izhak O, Ostrovsky D, Golz A, Hershko DD (2009) The expression and prognostic significance of Cks1 in salivary cancer. Cancer Invest 27(5):512–520PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Handra-Luca A, Ruhin B, Lesty C, Fouret P (2006) P27, SKP2, and extra-cellular signal-related kinase signalling in human salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oral Oncol 42(10):1005–1010PubMedCrossRef Handra-Luca A, Ruhin B, Lesty C, Fouret P (2006) P27, SKP2, and extra-cellular signal-related kinase signalling in human salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oral Oncol 42(10):1005–1010PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Miyachi K, Fritzler MJ, Tan EM (1978) Autoantibody to a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells. J Immunol 121(6):2228–2234PubMed Miyachi K, Fritzler MJ, Tan EM (1978) Autoantibody to a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells. J Immunol 121(6):2228–2234PubMed
21.
go back to reference Mathews MB, Bernstein RM, Franza BR Jr, Garrels JI (1984) Identity of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin. Nature 309(5966):374–376PubMedCrossRef Mathews MB, Bernstein RM, Franza BR Jr, Garrels JI (1984) Identity of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin. Nature 309(5966):374–376PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Galand P, Degraef C (1989) Cyclin/PCNA immunostaining as an alternative to tritiated thymidine pulse labelling for marking S phase cells in paraffin sections from animal and human tissues. Cell Tissue Kinet 22(5):383–392PubMed Galand P, Degraef C (1989) Cyclin/PCNA immunostaining as an alternative to tritiated thymidine pulse labelling for marking S phase cells in paraffin sections from animal and human tissues. Cell Tissue Kinet 22(5):383–392PubMed
23.
go back to reference Cardoso WP, Denardin OV, Rapoport A, Araujo VC, Carvalho MB (2000) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands. Sao Paulo Med J 118(3):69–74PubMedCrossRef Cardoso WP, Denardin OV, Rapoport A, Araujo VC, Carvalho MB (2000) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands. Sao Paulo Med J 118(3):69–74PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Rivero ER, Caliari MV, Tarquinio SB, Loyola AM, de Aguiar MC (2004) Proliferative activity in oral salivary gland tumors: the role of PCNA and AgNOR assessed by a double staining technique. J Oral Sci 46(2):87–92PubMedCrossRef Rivero ER, Caliari MV, Tarquinio SB, Loyola AM, de Aguiar MC (2004) Proliferative activity in oral salivary gland tumors: the role of PCNA and AgNOR assessed by a double staining technique. J Oral Sci 46(2):87–92PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Cho KJ, Lee SS, Lee YS (1999) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. Head Neck 21(5):414–419PubMedCrossRef Cho KJ, Lee SS, Lee YS (1999) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. Head Neck 21(5):414–419PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Yang L, Hashimura K, Qin C, Shrestha P, Sumitomo S, Mori M (1993) Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in salivary gland tumours: an assessment of growth potential. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 422(6):481–486PubMedCrossRef Yang L, Hashimura K, Qin C, Shrestha P, Sumitomo S, Mori M (1993) Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in salivary gland tumours: an assessment of growth potential. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 422(6):481–486PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Zhu Q, Tipoe GL, White FH (1999) Proliferative activity as detected by immunostaining with Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the human parotid gland. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 21(4):336–342PubMed Zhu Q, Tipoe GL, White FH (1999) Proliferative activity as detected by immunostaining with Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the human parotid gland. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 21(4):336–342PubMed
28.
go back to reference Zhu S, Wang X, Shao L, Chen W, Chen X, Wu H (1999) Quantitative study on expression of p16 multiple tumor suppressor gene in salivary gland neoplasm. J Tongji Med Univ 19(2):155–157PubMedCrossRef Zhu S, Wang X, Shao L, Chen W, Chen X, Wu H (1999) Quantitative study on expression of p16 multiple tumor suppressor gene in salivary gland neoplasm. J Tongji Med Univ 19(2):155–157PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Alves FA, Pires FR, de Almeida OP, Lopes MA, Kowalski LP (2004) PCNA, Ki-67 and p53 expressions in submandibular salivary gland tumours. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 33(6):593–597PubMedCrossRef Alves FA, Pires FR, de Almeida OP, Lopes MA, Kowalski LP (2004) PCNA, Ki-67 and p53 expressions in submandibular salivary gland tumours. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 33(6):593–597PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Lee S, Kim GE, Park CS, Choi EC, Yang WI, Lee CG et al (2001) Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Am J Otolaryngol 22(6):400–406PubMedCrossRef Lee S, Kim GE, Park CS, Choi EC, Yang WI, Lee CG et al (2001) Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Am J Otolaryngol 22(6):400–406PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Hui KK, Luna MA, Batsakis JG, Ordonez NG, Weber R (1990) Undifferentiated carcinomas of the major salivary glands. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 69(1):76–83PubMedCrossRef Hui KK, Luna MA, Batsakis JG, Ordonez NG, Weber R (1990) Undifferentiated carcinomas of the major salivary glands. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 69(1):76–83PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Theriault C, Fitzpatrick PJ (1986) Malignant parotid tumors. Prognostic factors and optimum treatment. Am J Clin Oncol 9(6):510–516PubMedCrossRef Theriault C, Fitzpatrick PJ (1986) Malignant parotid tumors. Prognostic factors and optimum treatment. Am J Clin Oncol 9(6):510–516PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hatta C, Terada T, Okita J, Kakibuchi M, Kubota A, Sakagami M (2003) Clinicopathological study of undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland. Auris Nasus Larynx 30(3):273–277PubMedCrossRef Hatta C, Terada T, Okita J, Kakibuchi M, Kubota A, Sakagami M (2003) Clinicopathological study of undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland. Auris Nasus Larynx 30(3):273–277PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Fiorella R, Di NV, Fiorella ML, Spinelli DA, Coppola F, Luperto P (2005) Major salivary gland diseases: multicentre study. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 25(3):182–190PubMed Fiorella R, Di NV, Fiorella ML, Spinelli DA, Coppola F, Luperto P (2005) Major salivary gland diseases: multicentre study. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 25(3):182–190PubMed
35.
go back to reference Rapidis AD, Givalos N, Gakiopoulou H, Stavrianos SD, Faratzis G, Lagogiannis GA et al (2007) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Review of the literature and clinicopathological analysis of 18 patients. Oral Oncol 43(2):130–136PubMedCrossRef Rapidis AD, Givalos N, Gakiopoulou H, Stavrianos SD, Faratzis G, Lagogiannis GA et al (2007) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Review of the literature and clinicopathological analysis of 18 patients. Oral Oncol 43(2):130–136PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Myoung H, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Ok YJ, Paeng JY, Yun PY (2006) Correlation of proliferative markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) with survival and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical and histopathological analysis of 113 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35(11):1005–1010PubMedCrossRef Myoung H, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Ok YJ, Paeng JY, Yun PY (2006) Correlation of proliferative markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) with survival and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical and histopathological analysis of 113 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35(11):1005–1010PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Skalova A, Leivo I, Von Boguslawsky K, Saksela E (1994) Cell proliferation correlates with prognosis in acinic cell carcinomas of salivary gland origin. Immunohistochemical study of 30 cases using the MIB 1 antibody in formalin-fixed paraffin sections. J Pathol 173(1):13–21PubMedCrossRef Skalova A, Leivo I, Von Boguslawsky K, Saksela E (1994) Cell proliferation correlates with prognosis in acinic cell carcinomas of salivary gland origin. Immunohistochemical study of 30 cases using the MIB 1 antibody in formalin-fixed paraffin sections. J Pathol 173(1):13–21PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in parotid gland cancer
Authors
Markus Stenner
Ariane Demgensky
Christoph Molls
Aline Hardt
Jan C. Luers
Maria Grosheva
Christian U. Huebbers
Jens P. Klussmann
Publication date
01-04-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology / Issue 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0937-4477
Electronic ISSN: 1434-4726
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-011-1740-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2012

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 4/2012 Go to the issue