Top

Published in:

01-02-2015 | Original Article

Prior fracture as a risk factor for future fracture in an Australian cohort

Authors: K. L. Holloway, S. L. Brennan, M. A. Kotowicz, G. Bucki-Smith, E. N. Timney, A. G. Dobbins, L. J. Williams, J. A. Pasco

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 2/2015

Abstract

Summary

This study investigated the influence of prior fracture on the risk of subsequent fracture. There was a higher risk of subsequent fracture in both young and older adult age groups when Australian males or females had already sustained a prior fracture. Fracture prevention is important throughout life for both sexes.

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prior fracture on the risk of subsequent fracture across the adult age range in Australian males and females.

Methods

All-cause fractures were grouped into age categories for males and females enrolled in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (Australia) using retrospective self-report data and prospective radiology-confirmed data. For all age categories, the relative risk (RR and 95 % confidence interval (CI)) of subsequent fracture in a later age category was compared between those with prior fracture and those without.

Results

For both sexes, childhood fracture increased the risk of subsequent fracture in adolescence (males: RR 21.7; 95 % CI 16.0, 27.4; females: RR 8.1; 3.5, 12.8). Males with adolescent fracture had increased risk of subsequent fracture in early adulthood (RR 11.5; 5.7, 17.3) and mid-adulthood (RR 13.0; 6.3, 19.7). Additionally, males with young adulthood or mid-adulthood fracture had increased risk of subsequent fracture in the following age group (RR 11.2; 4.4, 17.9, and RR 6.2; 0.8, 11.7, respectively). Mid-adult fractures increased the risk of subsequent fracture in older adulthood (RR 6.2; 0.8, 11.7). Females with childhood or adolescent fracture had an increased risk of fracture in young adulthood (RR 4.3; 0.7, 7.9, and RR 10.5; 4.4, 16.6), and prior fracture in older adult life increased the risk of subsequent fracture in old age (RR 14.9; 6.4. 23.3).

Conclusions

Fracture prevention strategies may be more effective if attention is directed towards individuals with prior fracture at any age as they have a higher likelihood of sustaining a subsequent fracture later in life.

Chen Y, Miller P, Barrett-Connor E, Weiss T, Sajjan S, Siris E (2007) An approach for identifying postmenopausal women age 50–64 years at increased short-term risk for osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int 18:1287–1296PubMedCrossRef

Friis-Holmberg T, Brixen K, Rubin KH, Grønbæk M, Bech M (2012) Phalangeal bone mineral density predicts incident fractures: a prospective cohort study on men and women—results from the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007–2008 (DANHES 2007–2008). Arch Osteoporos 7:291–299PubMedCrossRef

Amin S, Kopperdhal D, Jr Melton L, Achenbach S, Therneau T, Riggs B, Keaveny T, Khosla S (2011) Association of hip strength estimates by finite-element analysis with fractures in women and men. J Bone Miner Res 26:1593–1600PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Barrett-Connor E, Siris E, Wehren L, Miller P, Abbott T, Berger M, Santora A, Sherwood L (2005) Osteoporosis and fracture risk in women of different ethnic groups. J Bone Miner Res 20:185–194PubMedCrossRef

Compston JE, Watts NB, Chapurlat R, et al. (2013) Obesity is not protective against fracture in postmenopausal women: GLOW. The American Journal of Medicine Accepted manuscript

Fiorano-Charlier C, Ostertag A, Aquino J, de Vernejoul M, Baudoin C (2002) Reduced bone mineral density in postmenopausal women self-reporting premenopausal wrist fractures. Bone 31:102–106PubMedCrossRef

Garnero P, Cloos P, Sornay-Rendu E, Qvist P, Delmas P (2002) Type I collagen racemization and isomerization and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women: the OFELY prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 17:826–833PubMedCrossRef

Gehlbach S, Saag KG, Adachi JD et al (2012) Previous fractures at multiple sites increase the risk for subsequent fractures: the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women. J Bone Miner Res 27:645–653PubMedCrossRef

Kanis J, Johnell O, De Laet C et al (2004) A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 35:375–382PubMedCrossRef

10.

LaFleur J, McAdam-Marx C, Alder SS, Sheng X, Asche CV, Nebeker J, Brixner DI, Silverman SL (2011) Clinical risk factors for fracture among postmenopausal patients at risk for fracture: a historical cohort study using electronic medical record data. J Bone Miner Metab 29:193–200PubMedCrossRef

11.

Langsetmo L, Goltzman D, Kovacs CS, Adachi JD, Hanley DA, Kreiger N, Josse R, Papaioannou A, Olszynski WP, Jamal SA (2009) Repeat low-trauma fractures occur frequently among men and women who have osteopenic BMD. J Bone Miner Res 24:1515–1522PubMedCrossRef

12.

Miller P, Siris E, Barrett-Connor E, Faulkner K, Wehren L, Abbott T, Chen Y, Berger M, Santora A, Sherwood L (2002) Prediction of fracture risk in postmenopausal white women with peripheral bone densitometry: evidence from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment. J Bone Miner Res 17:2222–2230PubMedCrossRef

13.

Ojo F, Snih SA, Ray LA, Raji MA, Markides KS (2007) History of fractures as predictor of subsequent hip and nonhip fractures among older Mexican Americans. J Natl Med Assoc 99:412–418PubMedCentralPubMed

14.

Sambrook PN, Flahive J, Hooven FH et al (2011) Predicting fractures in an international cohort using risk factor algorithms without BMD. J Bone Miner Res 26:2770–2777PubMedCrossRef

15.

Sen SS, Rives VP, Messina OD et al (2005) A risk assessment tool (OsteoRisk) for identifying Latin American women with osteoporosis. J Gen Intern Med 20:245–250PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

16.

Siris E, Miller P, Barrett-Connor E, Faulkner K, Wehren L, Abbott T, Berger M, Santora A, Sherwood L (2001) Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment. JAMA 286:2815–2822PubMedCrossRef

17.

Taylor B, Schreiner P, Stone K, Fink H, Cummings S, Nevitt M, Bowman P, Ensrud K (2004) Long-term prediction of incident hip fracture risk in elderly White women: study of osteoporotic fractures. JAMA 52:1479–1486

18.

Pasco JA, Seeman E, Henry MJ, Merriman EN, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA (2006) The population burden of fractures originates in women with osteopenia, not osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 17:1404–1409PubMedCrossRef

19.

Pasco JA, Lane SE, Brennan SL, Timney EN, Bucki-Smith G, Dobbins AG, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA (2014) Fracture risk among older men: osteopenia and osteoporosis defined using cut-points derived from female versus male reference data. Osteoporos Int 25:857–862PubMedCrossRef

20.

Honkanen R, Tuppurainen M, Kroger H, Alhava E, Puntila E (1997) Associations of early premenopausal fractures with subsequent fractures vary by sites and mechanisms of fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 60:327–331PubMedCrossRef

21.

Hosmer WD, Genant HK, Browner WS (2002) Fractures before menopause: a red flag for physicians. Osteoporos Int 132:337–341CrossRef

22.

Wu F, Mason B, Horne A, Ames R, Clearwater J, Liu M, Evans M, Gamble G, Reid I (2002) Fractures between the ages of 20 and 50 years increase women’s risk of subsequent fractures. Arch Intern Med 162:33–36PubMedCrossRef

23.

Ferrari S, Chevalley T, Bonjour J, Rizzoli R (2006) Childhood fractures are associated with decreased bone mass gain during puberty: an early marker of persistent bone fragility. J Bone Miner Res 21:501–507PubMedCrossRef

24.

Farr J, Tomás R, Chen Z, Lisse J, Lohman T, Going S (2011) Lower trabecular volumetric BMD at metaphyseal regions of weight-bearing bones is associated with prior fracture in young girls. J Bone Miner Res 26:380–387PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

25.

Goulding A (2007) Childhood fractures: time to implement strategies to reduce these events. Int Congr Ser 1297:3–14CrossRef

26.

Pasco JA, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA (2012) Cohort profile: Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Int J Epidemiol 41:1565–1575PubMedCrossRef

27.

Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Seeley DG, Cauley JA, Vogt TM, Black DM (1992) The accuracy of self-report of fractures in elderly women: evidence from a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 135:490–499PubMed

28.

Chen Z, Kooperberg C, Pettinger M, Bassford T, Cauley J, LaCroix A, Lewis C, Kipersztok S, Borne C, Jackson R (2004) Validity of self-report for fractures among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. J North Am Menopause Soc 11:264–274CrossRef

29.

Darelid A, Ohlsson C, Rudäng R, Kindblom J, Mellström D, Lorentzon M (2010) Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density is associated with previous fracture during childhood and adolescence in males: the GOOD study. J Bone Miner Res 25:537–544PubMedCrossRef

30.

Rudäng R, Darelid A, Nilsson M, Mellström D, Ohlsson C, Lorentzon M (2013) X-ray verified fractures are associated with finite element analysis derived bone strength and trabecular microstructure in young adult men. J Bone Miner Res 28:2305–2316PubMedCrossRef

31.

Ebeling PR, Daly RM, Kerr DA, Kimlin MG (2013) An evidence-informed strategy to prevent osteoporosis in Australia. Med J Aust 198:90–91PubMedCrossRef

32.

Pasco JA, Nicholson GC, Henry MJ, Kotowicz MA, Gaudry TM (1999) Identification of incident fractures: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Aust N Z J Med 29:203–206PubMedCrossRef

33.

Goulding A, Jones I, Williams S, Grant A, Taylor R, Manning P, Langley J (2005) First fracture is associated with increased risk of new fractures during growth. J Pediatr 146:286–288PubMedCrossRef

34.

Pye SR, Tobias J, Silman AJ, Reeve J, O’Neill TW (2009) Childhood fractures do not predict future fractures: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 24:1314–1318PubMedCrossRef

Title: Prior fracture as a risk factor for future fracture in an Australian cohort
Authors: K. L. Holloway
S. L. Brennan
M. A. Kotowicz
G. Bucki-Smith
E. N. Timney
A. G. Dobbins
L. J. Williams
J. A. Pasco
Publication date: 01-02-2015
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: Osteoporosis International / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2897-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Prior fracture as a risk factor for future fracture in an Australian cohort

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2015

Reproducibility of jumping mechanography and traditional measures of physical and muscle function in older adults

Lower P1NP serum levels: a predictive marker of bone loss after 1 year follow-up in premenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Minimal-trauma fracture in women with breast cancer surviving for at least 5 years from diagnosis

Self-perceived facture risk: factors underlying women’s perception of risk for osteoporotic fractures: the Risk-Stratified Osteoporosis Strategy Evaluation study (ROSE)

Subsequent fracture rates in a nationwide population-based cohort study with a 10-year perspective

Incident type 2 diabetes and hip fracture risk: a population-based matched cohort study