Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 9/2015

01-09-2015 | Original Paper

Prevalence, psychosocial correlates and service utilization of depressive and anxiety disorders in Hong Kong: the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey (HKMMS)

Authors: Linda Chiu-Wa Lam, Corine Sau-Man Wong, Min-Jung Wang, Wai-Chi Chan, Eric Yu-Hai Chen, Roger Man-Kin Ng, Se-Fong Hung, Eric Fuk-Chi Cheung, Pak-Chung Sham, Helen Fung-Kum Chiu, Ming Lam, Wing-Chung Chang, Edwin Ho-Ming Lee, Tin-Po Chiang, Joseph Tak-Fai Lau, Jim van Os, Glyn Lewis, Paul Bebbington

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 9/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Data on mental disorder prevalence and health service utilization required to inform healthcare management and planning are lacking in Hong Kong. The current study determined the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD), and examined the patterns of mental health service utilization and associated factors.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey (HKMMS) of 5,719 Chinese adults aged 16–75 years in the general Hong Kong population, using the Chinese Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).

Results

The weighted prevalence estimate for any past-week CMD was 13.3 %, with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder being the most frequent diagnoses. CMD was positively associated with female gender, being divorced or separated, alcohol misuse, substance dependence, lack of regular physical exercise, and a family history of mental disorder. Among individuals with CMD, only 26 % had consulted mental health services in the past year; less than 10 % consulted general practitioners or family physicians. Lack of mental health service usage was significantly more likely in men and those with lower educational attainment.

Conclusions

Apart from attention to psychosocial risks, health and lifestyle factors are important considerations for mental health promotion. Service utilization for individuals with CMD in Hong Kong remains suboptimal, and would be enhanced by strengthening community primary care.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, Baxter AJ, Ferrari AJ, Erskine HE, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Flaxman AD, Johns N, Burstein R, Murray CJ, Vos T (2013) Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 382:1575–1586CrossRefPubMed
2.
Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen HU, Kendler KS (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:8–19CrossRefPubMed
3.
Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, Bruffaerts R, Brugha TS, Bryson H, de Girolamo G, Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I, Haro JM, Katz SJ, Kessler RC, Kovess V, Lepine JP, Ormel J, Polidori G, Russo LJ, Vilagut G, Almansa J, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S, Autonell J, Bernal M, Buist-Bouwman MA, Codony M, Domingo-Salvany A, Ferrer M, Joo SS, Martinez-Alonso M, Matschinger H, Mazzi F, Morgan Z, Morosini P, Palacin C, Romera B, Taub N, Vollebergh WA, ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators, European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) Project (2004) Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 420:21–27PubMed
4.
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:617–627PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
Jenkins R, Meltzer H, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Farrell M, McManus S, Singleton N (2009) The British Mental Health Survey Program: achievements and latest findings. Soc Psychiat Epidemiol 44:899–904CrossRef
6.
Phillips MR, Zhang J, Shi Q, Song Z, Ding Z, Pang S, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang Z (2009) Prevalence, treatment, and associated disability of mental disorders in four provinces in China during 2001-05: an epidemiological survey. Lancet 373:2041–2053CrossRefPubMed
7.
Bebbington PE, Brugha TS, Meltzer H, Jenkins R, Ceresa C, Farrell M, Lewis G (2000) Neurotic disorders and the receipt of psychiatric treatment. Psychol Med 30:1369–1376CrossRefPubMed
8.
Bijl RV, Ravelli A (2000) Psychiatric morbidity, service use, and need for care in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Am J Public Health 90:602–607PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
9.
Jacobi F, Wittchen HU, Holting C, Hofler M, Pfister H, Muller N, Lieb R (2004) Prevalence, co-morbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS). Psychol Med 34:597–611CrossRefPubMed
10.
Wang PS, Lane M, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Wells KB, Kessler RC (2005) Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:629–640CrossRefPubMed
11.
Wang PS, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Gureje O, Haro JM, Karam EG, Kessler RC, Kovess V, Lane MC, Lee S, Levinson D, Ono Y, Petukhova M, Posada-Villa J, Seedat S, Wells JE (2007) Use of mental health services for anxiety, mood, and substance disorders in 17 countries in the WHO world mental health surveys. Lancet 370:841–850PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
12.
Lee S, Tsang A, Kwok K (2007) Twelve-month prevalence, correlates, and treatment preference of adults with DSM-IV major depressive episode in Hong Kong. J Affect Disord 98:129–136CrossRefPubMed
13.
Lee S, Tsang A, Chui H, Kwok K, Cheung E (2007) A community epidemiological survey of generalized anxiety disorder in Hong Kong. Community Ment Health J 43:305–319CrossRefPubMed
14.
Jenkins R, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Farrell M, Gill B, Lewis G, Meltzer H, Petticrew M (1997) The National Psychiatric Morbidity surveys of Great Britain–strategy and methods. Psychol Med 27:765–774CrossRefPubMed
15.
Lewis G, Pelosi AJ, Araya R, Dunn G (1992) Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychol Med 22:465–486CrossRefPubMed
16.
Lam LCW, Chan WC, Wong CSM, Chen EYH, Ng RMK, Lee EHM, Chang WC, Hung SF, Cheung EFC, Sham PC, Chiu HFK, Lam M, Chiang TP, van Os J, Lau JTF, Lewis G, Bebbington P, The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey Team (2014) The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey: background and study design. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 24:30–36PubMed
17.
World Health Organization (1993) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. WHO, Geneva
18.
Singleton N, Bumpstead R, O’Brien M, Lee A, Meltzer H (2003) Psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households, 2000. Int Rev Psychiatry 15:65–73CrossRefPubMed
19.
McManus S, Meltzer H, Brugha T, Bebbington P, Jenkins R (2009) Adult Psychiatric Morbidity in England, 2007: results of a Household Survey. The NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care
20.
StataCorp (2011) Stata statistical software: release 12
21.
Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department (2012) Demographic Trends in Hong Kong 1981–2011
22.
Gray MJ, Litz BT, Hsu JL, Lombardo TW (2004) Psychometric properties of the life events checklist. Assessment 11:330–341CrossRefPubMed
23.
Conwell Y, Forbes NT, Cox C, Caine ED (1993) Validation of a measure of physical illness burden at autopsy: the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale. J Am Geriatr Soc 41:38–41CrossRefPubMed
24.
Araya R, Rojas G, Fritsch R, Acuna J, Lewis G (2001) Common mental disorders in Santiago, Chile: prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. Br J Psychiatry 178:228–233CrossRefPubMed
25.
Skapinakis P, Bellos S, Koupidis S, Grammatikopoulos I, Theodorakis PN, Mavreas V (2013) Prevalence and sociodemographic associations of common mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of the general population of Greece. BMC Psychiatry 13:163-244X-13-163
26.
Chen CN, Wong J, Lee N, Chan-Ho MW, Lau JT, Fung M (1993) The Shatin community mental health survey in Hong Kong. II. Major findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(2):125–133CrossRefPubMed
27.
Sturt E (1981) Hierarchical patterns in the distribution of psychiatric symptoms. Psychol Med 11:783–792CrossRefPubMed
28.
Whiteford HA, Harris MG, McKeon G, Baxter A, Pennell C, Barendregt JJ, Wang J (2013) Estimating remission from untreated major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 43:1569–1585CrossRefPubMed
29.
Andrews G, Henderson S, Hall W (2001) Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service utilisation. Overview of the Australian National Mental Health Survey. Br J Psychiatry 178:145–153CrossRefPubMed
30.
Chung V, Wong E, Woo J, Lo SV, Griffiths S (2007) Use of traditional Chinese medicine in the Hong Kong special administrative region of China. J Altern Complement Med 13:361–367CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Prevalence, psychosocial correlates and service utilization of depressive and anxiety disorders in Hong Kong: the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey (HKMMS)
Authors
Linda Chiu-Wa Lam
Corine Sau-Man Wong
Min-Jung Wang
Wai-Chi Chan
Eric Yu-Hai Chen
Roger Man-Kin Ng
Se-Fong Hung
Eric Fuk-Chi Cheung
Pak-Chung Sham
Helen Fung-Kum Chiu
Ming Lam
Wing-Chung Chang
Edwin Ho-Ming Lee
Tin-Po Chiang
Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
Jim van Os
Glyn Lewis
Paul Bebbington
Publication date
01-09-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 9/2015
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1014-5

Other articles of this Issue 9/2015

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 9/2015 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Physical diseases as predictors of suicide in older adults: a nationwide, register-based cohort study

Original Paper

Religiousness and suicide in a nationally representative sample of Trinidad and Tobago adolescents and young adults

Original Paper

Greater number of group identifications is associated with lower odds of being depressed: evidence from a Scottish community sample

Original Paper

Social networks, mental health problems, and mental health service utilization in OEF/OIF National Guard veterans

Original Paper

Trends, correlates, and disease patterns of antidepressant use among elderly persons in Taiwan

Original Paper

Violence at work and depressive symptoms in primary health care teams: a cross-sectional study in Brazil