Top

BMC Women's Health

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Research

Prevalence of Rhesus D negativity among reproductive age women in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Tesfaye K. Kanko, Melat K. Woldemariam

Published in: BMC Women's Health | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

The Rhesus (Rh) blood group system is the next most clinically significant blood group system following the ABO blood group. Rh D-negative women are at risk of alloimmunization following exposure to Rh D-positive blood. The exposure of Rh D-negative women to Rh D-positive fetal blood may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus or new-born due to Rh incompatibility. Knowing Rh blood phenotype has paramount importance to prevent the risk of sensitization and bad obstetric outcome in Rh D-negative women. Despite the aforementioned fact, the distribution of Rh D-negative phenotype of women was not explored in Arba Minch Zuria district, southern Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of Rh D-negative blood phenotype among reproductive-age women in Arba Minch Zuria district, southern Ethiopia.

Methods and materials

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among reproductive-age women in Arba Minch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia from March to April 2019. Socio-demographic data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and blood phenotype determination was done by laboratory technicians using the slide method principle aseptically and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 was used for analysis.

Result

The data were collected from 417 study participants with a 98.8% response rate. This study revealed that 2.1%, 1.9%, 1.2%, and 1% of study participants with blood group O, A, B, and AB were Rh D negative, respectively. In this study, the overall prevalence of Rh D negative phenotype was found 6.2% among reproductive-age women in Arba Minch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia.

Conclusions

This study showed a high prevalence of Rh D negative factor among reproductive-age women in Arba Minch Zuria district. Therefore, counseling of reproductive age women on the importance of Rh D factor status determination would be worthy to avoid the potential risk of sensitization among Rh D negative women in order to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and new-born.

Contreras M, Daniels G. Antigens in human blood. In: Hoffbrand AV, Catovsky D (eds) Postgraduate haematology, 6 ed. Wiley, West Sussex. 2011; 244–267.

Avent ND, Reid ME. The Rh blood group system: a review. Blood. 2000;95(2):375–87.CrossRef

Landsteiner K, Weiner AS. An agglutinable factor in human blood recognized by immune serum for rhesus blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1940; 43:223–4.CrossRef

Hunshikatti KB, PR Pranita A study on the prevalence of rhesus factor among at tertiary care center in North Karnataka. Int J Curr Res. 2015;7(01):11556–8.

Reid ME, Lomas Francis C. The blood group antigen facts book. Elsevier Academic Press, London, 2005.

Contreras M, Taylor CPF, Barbara JA. Clinical blood transfusion. In: Hoffbrand AV, Catovsky D, et al (eds) Postgraduate haematology, 6 ed. Wiley, West Sussex. 2011; 16:268–299.

Mollison PL, Engelfreit CP, Contreras M. Blood transfusion in clinical medicine. 10th ed. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1997.

Geifman-Holtzman O, Wojtowycz M, Kosmas E, Artal R. Female allo-immunization with antibodies known to cause haemolytic disease. Obst Gynecol. 1997;89(2):272–5.CrossRef

Urbaniak SJ, Greiss MA. Rh D haemolytic disease of the foetus and the newborn. Blood Rev. 2000;14(1):44–61CrossRef

10.

National Institute of Clinical Excellence technology appraisal guidance 156. Routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for women who are rhesus D negative. NICE 2008.

11.

Erhabor O, Isaac Z, Yakubu A, Adias T. Abortion, ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage in Sub Saharan Africa: challenges of Rhesus isoimmunization in Rhesus negative women. Open J Obst Gynacol. 2013: 3; 15–26.

12.

Julie D, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the management of Rh-negative pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013;35(8):730–40.CrossRef

13.

Kotila TR, Odukogbe AA, Okunlola MA, Olayemi O, Obisesan KA. The pregnant Rhesus negative Nigerian woman. Niger Post grad Med J. 2005:12 (4):305–7.

14.

Jump up^Census 2007 Tables: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region Archived November 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., Table 2.1, and 3.4.

15.

Boulyjenkov V, Guidotti R, Llisberg E. Community approaches to the control of hereditary diseases; http://www.who.int/genomics/publications/WHOHGNWG85.10.pdf

16.

Zipursky A, Paul VK. The global burden of Rh disease. Arch Dis Child fetal Neonatal Ed 2011;96: 84–5.CrossRef

17.

Bergström S, Pereira C, Hagström U, Säfwenberg J. Obstetric implications of rhesus antigen distribution in Mozambican and Swedish women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1994; 38:82–6.CrossRef

18.

Mwangi J. Blood group distribution in an urban population of patient targeted blood donors. East Afr Med J. 1999; 76:615–618.PubMed

19.

Loua A, Lamah MR, Haba NY, Camara M. Frequency of blood groups ABO and rhesus D in the Guinean population. Transfus Clin Biol. 2007; 14:435–439.CrossRef

20.

Tagny CT, Fongué VF, Mbanya D. erythrocyte phenotype in ABO and Rh blood groups in blood donors and blood recipients in a hospital setting of Cameroon: adapting supply to demand. Rev Med Brux. 2009; 30:159–162.PubMed

21.

Nair SP, Segni H, Kassim M. Maternal alloantibodies and foetal complications in Jimma specialized hospital, South-Western Ethiopia. World J Pharm Res. 2016;5(2):1130–40.

22.

Lemu Golassa A, Tsegaye B, Erko B, Mamo H. High rhesus (Rh(D)) negative frequency and ethnic–group-based ABO blood group distribution in Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:330.CrossRef

23.

Megbaru A, Guesh A, Gessessew B, Kiros T. Frequency of ABO and Rh D blood groups and hemoglobin threshold among Pregnant Women in Family Guidance Association, Mekelle Model Clinic, North Ethiopia. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2014:5(12);892–894.

24.

Zerihun T, Bekele S. Pattern of ABO and Rhesus blood groups distribution of five years survey in Jimma Town Blood Bank, South West Ethiopia. J Health Edu Res Dev. 2016;4:177. https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000177.CrossRef

25.

Pourfath EA, Oody A, Honarkaran N. Geographical distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among Iranian blood donors in the year 1982 as compared with that of the year 2001. Blood (Khoon). 2004;1(1):11–7.

26.

Adeyemi AS, Bello-Ajao HT. Prevalence of Rhesus D-negative blood type and the challenges of Rhesus D immunoprophylaxis among the obstetric population in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2016; 9:12–5.CrossRef

27.

Okeke TC, Ocheni S, Nwagha UI, Ibegbulam OG. The prevalence of Rhesus negativity among pregnant women in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2012; 15:400–2.CrossRef

Title: Prevalence of Rhesus D negativity among reproductive age women in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfaye K. Kanko
Melat K. Woldemariam
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Women's Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6874
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01315-3

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Prevalence of Rhesus D negativity among reproductive age women in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Methods and materials

Result

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods and materials

Result

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Prevalence and factors associated with menstruation-related school absenteeism among adolescent girls in rural northern Ghana

Predictors of contraceptive method discontinuation among adolescent and young women in three West African countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger)

A potential role for insulin treatment during pregnancy in reducing postpartum psychological distress in maternal obesity: an administrative population health study

Human immune deficiency virus among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Women’s sexual scripting in the context of universal access to antiretroviral treatment—findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in South Africa

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women in metropolitan Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional study