Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 9/2014

01-09-2014 | Original Paper

Preferences for Daily or Intermittent Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Regimens and Ability to Anticipate Sex Among HIV Uninfected Members of Kenyan HIV Serodiscordant Couples

Authors: Sarah T. Roberts, Renee Heffron, Kenneth Ngure, Connie Celum, Ann Kurth, Kathryn Curran, Nelly Mugo, Jared M. Baeten

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 9/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Intermittent dosing for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been proposed as an alternative to daily PrEP to reduce cost and patient drug exposure and to improve adherence. One possible dosing regimen is pre-intercourse PrEP, which requires anticipating sex in advance. We examined preferences for daily versus pre-intercourse PrEP and ability to anticipate sex among 310 HIV uninfected members of HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples in Thika, Kenya, with high HIV knowledge and experience with daily PrEP use in a clinical trial setting. Preferences were evenly split between daily PrEP (47.4 %) and pre-intercourse PrEP (50.7 %). Participants were more likely to prefer daily PrEP if they reported unprotected sex during the prior month (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.48, 95 % CI 1.20–1.81) or <80 % adherence to study drug (aPR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.25–1.79), and were less likely to prefer daily PrEP if sex was usually planned, versus spontaneous (aPR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.61–0.96). A minority (24.2 %) reported anticipating sex >3 h in advance, with younger participants being less likely to do so (aPR 0.43, 95 % CI 0.23–0.83 for ages 18–29 vs. ≥40). Findings suggest that intermittent PrEP could be a popular option in this population, but that optimal adherence and sufficient drug levels might be challenging with a pre-intercourse regimen.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399–410.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399–410.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):423–34.PubMedCrossRef Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):423–34.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083–90.PubMedCrossRef Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083–90.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Marrazzo J, Ramjee G, Nair G, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in women: daily oral tenofovir, oral tenofovir/emtricitabine, or vaginal tenofovir gel in the VOICE study (MTN 003). Paper presented at 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Atlanta, GA; 2013. Paper #26LB. Marrazzo J, Ramjee G, Nair G, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in women: daily oral tenofovir, oral tenofovir/emtricitabine, or vaginal tenofovir gel in the VOICE study (MTN 003). Paper presented at 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Atlanta, GA; 2013. Paper #26LB.
7.
go back to reference Baeten J, Celum C. Systemic and topical drugs for the prevention of HIV infection: antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis. Annu Rev Med. 2013;64:219–32.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Baeten J, Celum C. Systemic and topical drugs for the prevention of HIV infection: antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis. Annu Rev Med. 2013;64:219–32.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Molina J-M, Pintado C, Gatey C, et al. Challenges and opportunities for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of HIV infection: where are we in Europe? BMC Med. 2013;11(1):186.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Molina J-M, Pintado C, Gatey C, et al. Challenges and opportunities for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of HIV infection: where are we in Europe? BMC Med. 2013;11(1):186.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference García-Lerma JG, Cong M, Mitchell J et al (2010) Intermittent prophylaxis with oral Truvada protects macaques from rectal SHIV infection. Sci Transl Med 2(14):14ra4. García-Lerma JG, Cong M, Mitchell J et al (2010) Intermittent prophylaxis with oral Truvada protects macaques from rectal SHIV infection. Sci Transl Med 2(14):14ra4.
10.
go back to reference García-Lerma JG, Otten RA, Qari SH, et al. Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by daily or intermittent prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir. PLoS Med. 2008;5(2):e28.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef García-Lerma JG, Otten RA, Qari SH, et al. Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by daily or intermittent prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir. PLoS Med. 2008;5(2):e28.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Mutua G, Sanders E, Mugo P, et al. Safety and adherence to intermittent pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-1 in African men who have sex with men and female sex workers. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33103.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mutua G, Sanders E, Mugo P, et al. Safety and adherence to intermittent pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-1 in African men who have sex with men and female sex workers. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33103.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Kibengo FM, Ruzagira E, Katende D, et al. Safety, adherence and acceptability of intermittent tenofovir/emtricitabine as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV-uninfected Ugandan volunteers living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships: a randomized, clinical trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74314.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kibengo FM, Ruzagira E, Katende D, et al. Safety, adherence and acceptability of intermittent tenofovir/emtricitabine as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV-uninfected Ugandan volunteers living in HIV-serodiscordant relationships: a randomized, clinical trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74314.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science. 2010;329(5996):1168–74.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science. 2010;329(5996):1168–74.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Van der Elst EM, Mbogua J, Operario D, et al. High acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis but challenges in adherence and use: qualitative insights from a phase I trial of intermittent and daily PrEP in at-risk populations in Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2162–72.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Van der Elst EM, Mbogua J, Operario D, et al. High acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis but challenges in adherence and use: qualitative insights from a phase I trial of intermittent and daily PrEP in at-risk populations in Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2162–72.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Mitty JA, Closson EF, Rowley B, Mayer KH, Mimiaga MJ. Preference for daily versus intermittent PrEP dosing among substance using high-risk MSM. Paper presented at 7th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL, USA; 2012. Abstract 80048. Mitty JA, Closson EF, Rowley B, Mayer KH, Mimiaga MJ. Preference for daily versus intermittent PrEP dosing among substance using high-risk MSM. Paper presented at 7th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL, USA; 2012. Abstract 80048.
18.
go back to reference World Health Organization. Guidance on pre-exposure oral prophylaxis (PrEP) for serodiscordant couples, men, and transgender women who have sex with men at high risk of HIV: recommendations for use in the context of demonstration projects. Geneva: Switzerland; 2012. World Health Organization. Guidance on pre-exposure oral prophylaxis (PrEP) for serodiscordant couples, men, and transgender women who have sex with men at high risk of HIV: recommendations for use in the context of demonstration projects. Geneva: Switzerland; 2012.
19.
go back to reference Van Griensven F, Thienkrua W, Sukwicha W, et al. Sex frequency and sex planning among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand: implications for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Van Griensven F, Thienkrua W, Sukwicha W, et al. Sex frequency and sex planning among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand: implications for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:13.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Volk JE, Liu A, Vittinghoff E, et al. Sexual frequency and planning among at-risk men who have sex with men in the United States: implications for event-based intermittent pre-exposure prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(1):112–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Volk JE, Liu A, Vittinghoff E, et al. Sexual frequency and planning among at-risk men who have sex with men in the United States: implications for event-based intermittent pre-exposure prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(1):112–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Rendina HJ, Ventuneac A, Grov C, Mustanski B, Parsons JT. Accuracy in predicting daily anal intercourse with casual partners and its relevance for intermittent PrEP: an online diary analysis of highly sexually active gay and bisexual men. Paper presented at 8th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL, USA; 2013. Abstract 136. Rendina HJ, Ventuneac A, Grov C, Mustanski B, Parsons JT. Accuracy in predicting daily anal intercourse with casual partners and its relevance for intermittent PrEP: an online diary analysis of highly sexually active gay and bisexual men. Paper presented at 8th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL, USA; 2013. Abstract 136.
22.
go back to reference Curran K, Mugo NR, Kurth A, et al. Daily Short Message Service surveys to measure sexual behavior and pre-exposure prophylaxis use among Kenyan men and women. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(9):2977–85.PubMedCrossRef Curran K, Mugo NR, Kurth A, et al. Daily Short Message Service surveys to measure sexual behavior and pre-exposure prophylaxis use among Kenyan men and women. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(9):2977–85.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Chemaitelly H, Cremin I, Shelton J, Hallett TB, Abu-Raddad LJ. Distinct HIV discordancy patterns by epidemic size in stable sexual partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(1):51–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Chemaitelly H, Cremin I, Shelton J, Hallett TB, Abu-Raddad LJ. Distinct HIV discordancy patterns by epidemic size in stable sexual partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(1):51–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva: Switzerland; 2013. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva: Switzerland; 2013.
25.
go back to reference Heffron R, Ngure K, Mugo N, et al. Willingness of Kenyan HIV-1 serodiscordant couples to use antiretroviral-based HIV-1 prevention strategies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(1):116–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Heffron R, Ngure K, Mugo N, et al. Willingness of Kenyan HIV-1 serodiscordant couples to use antiretroviral-based HIV-1 prevention strategies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(1):116–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Curran K, Ngure K, Shell-Duncan B, et al. “If I am given antiretrovirals I will think I am nearing the grave”: Kenyan HIV serodiscordant couples’ attitudes regarding early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2014;28(2):227–33.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Curran K, Ngure K, Shell-Duncan B, et al. “If I am given antiretrovirals I will think I am nearing the grave”: Kenyan HIV serodiscordant couples’ attitudes regarding early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2014;28(2):227–33.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Mujugira A, Baeten JM, Donnell D, et al. Characteristics of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples enrolled in a clinical trial of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25828.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mujugira A, Baeten JM, Donnell D, et al. Characteristics of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples enrolled in a clinical trial of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25828.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Anderson PL, Glidden DV, Liu A, et al. Emtricitabine–tenofovir concentrations and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacy in men who have sex with men. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(151):151ra125.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Anderson PL, Glidden DV, Liu A, et al. Emtricitabine–tenofovir concentrations and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacy in men who have sex with men. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(151):151ra125.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Dumond J, Yeh R, Patterson K, et al. Antiretroviral drug exposure in the female genital tract: implications for oral pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis. AIDS. 2007;21(14):1899–907.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Dumond J, Yeh R, Patterson K, et al. Antiretroviral drug exposure in the female genital tract: implications for oral pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis. AIDS. 2007;21(14):1899–907.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Vourvahis M, Tappouni H, Patterson K, et al. The pharmacokinetics and viral activity of tenofovir in the male genital tract. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;47(3):329–33.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Vourvahis M, Tappouni H, Patterson K, et al. The pharmacokinetics and viral activity of tenofovir in the male genital tract. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;47(3):329–33.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Deddens JA, Petersen MR. Approaches for estimating prevalence ratios. Occup Environ Med. 2008;65(7):501–6.CrossRef Deddens JA, Petersen MR. Approaches for estimating prevalence ratios. Occup Environ Med. 2008;65(7):501–6.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Wacholder S. Binomial regression in GLIM: estimating risk ratios and risk differences. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123(1):174–84.PubMed Wacholder S. Binomial regression in GLIM: estimating risk ratios and risk differences. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123(1):174–84.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Haberer JE, Baeten JM, Campbell J, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention: a substudy cohort within a clinical trial of serodiscordant couples in East Africa. PLoS Med. 2013;10(9):e1001511.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Haberer JE, Baeten JM, Campbell J, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention: a substudy cohort within a clinical trial of serodiscordant couples in East Africa. PLoS Med. 2013;10(9):e1001511.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Koenig LJ, Lyles C, Smith DK. Adherence to antiretroviral medications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: lessons learned from trials and treatment studies. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(1 Suppl 2):S91–8.PubMedCrossRef Koenig LJ, Lyles C, Smith DK. Adherence to antiretroviral medications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: lessons learned from trials and treatment studies. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(1 Suppl 2):S91–8.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Ware NC, Wyatt MA, Haberer JE, et al. What’s love got to do with it? Explaining adherence to oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-serodiscordant couples. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;59(5):463–8.PubMedCrossRef Ware NC, Wyatt MA, Haberer JE, et al. What’s love got to do with it? Explaining adherence to oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-serodiscordant couples. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;59(5):463–8.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Katz IT, Ybarra ML, Wyatt MA, et al. Socio-cultural and economic antecedents of adolescent sexual decision-making and HIV-risk in rural Uganda. AIDS Care. 2013;25(2):258–64.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Katz IT, Ybarra ML, Wyatt MA, et al. Socio-cultural and economic antecedents of adolescent sexual decision-making and HIV-risk in rural Uganda. AIDS Care. 2013;25(2):258–64.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Maticka-Tyndale E, Gallant M, Brouillard-Coyle C, et al. The sexual scripts of Kenyan young people and HIV prevention. Cult. Health Sex. 2005;7(1):27–41.PubMedCrossRef Maticka-Tyndale E, Gallant M, Brouillard-Coyle C, et al. The sexual scripts of Kenyan young people and HIV prevention. Cult. Health Sex. 2005;7(1):27–41.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Friedman IM, Litt IF. Adolescents’ compliance with therapeutic regimens: psychological and social aspects and intervention. J. Adolesc Health Care. 1987;8(1):52–67.PubMedCrossRef Friedman IM, Litt IF. Adolescents’ compliance with therapeutic regimens: psychological and social aspects and intervention. J. Adolesc Health Care. 1987;8(1):52–67.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Nachega JB, Hislop M, Nguyen H, et al. Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(1):65–71.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Nachega JB, Hislop M, Nguyen H, et al. Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(1):65–71.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Murphy DA, Wilson CM, Durako SJ, Muenz LR, Belzer M. Antiretroviral medication adherence among the REACH HIV-infected adolescent cohort in the USA. AIDS Care. 2001;13(1):27–40.PubMedCrossRef Murphy DA, Wilson CM, Durako SJ, Muenz LR, Belzer M. Antiretroviral medication adherence among the REACH HIV-infected adolescent cohort in the USA. AIDS Care. 2001;13(1):27–40.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Woods JL, Shew ML, Tu W, et al. Patterns of oral contraceptive pill-taking and condom use among adolescent contraceptive pill users. J. Adolesc. Health. 2006;39(3):381–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Woods JL, Shew ML, Tu W, et al. Patterns of oral contraceptive pill-taking and condom use among adolescent contraceptive pill users. J. Adolesc. Health. 2006;39(3):381–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Jewkes R, Morrell R. Gender and sexuality: emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 2010;13:6.PubMedCentralPubMed Jewkes R, Morrell R. Gender and sexuality: emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 2010;13:6.PubMedCentralPubMed
43.
go back to reference Ngure K, Mugo N, Celum C, et al. A qualitative study of barriers to consistent condom use among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Kenya. AIDS Care. 2012;24(4):509–16.PubMedCentralPubMed Ngure K, Mugo N, Celum C, et al. A qualitative study of barriers to consistent condom use among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Kenya. AIDS Care. 2012;24(4):509–16.PubMedCentralPubMed
44.
go back to reference Heffron R, Rees H, Mugo N, Baeten JM. Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission—authors’ reply. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(7):510–1.CrossRef Heffron R, Rees H, Mugo N, Baeten JM. Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission—authors’ reply. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(7):510–1.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Ndase P, Celum C, Thomas K, et al. Outside sexual partnerships and risk of HIV acquisition for HIV uninfected partners in African HIV serodiscordant partnerships. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;59(1):65–71.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ndase P, Celum C, Thomas K, et al. Outside sexual partnerships and risk of HIV acquisition for HIV uninfected partners in African HIV serodiscordant partnerships. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;59(1):65–71.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Ngure K, Heffron R, Mugo NR, et al. Contraceptive method and pregnancy incidence among women in HIV-1-serodiscordant partnerships. AIDS. 2012;26(4):513–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ngure K, Heffron R, Mugo NR, et al. Contraceptive method and pregnancy incidence among women in HIV-1-serodiscordant partnerships. AIDS. 2012;26(4):513–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Hughes JP, Baeten JM, Lingappa JR, et al. Determinants of per-coital-act HIV-1 infectivity among African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(3):358–65.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hughes JP, Baeten JM, Lingappa JR, et al. Determinants of per-coital-act HIV-1 infectivity among African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(3):358–65.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Chen J, Flexner C, Liberman RG, et al. Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(5):593–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Chen J, Flexner C, Liberman RG, et al. Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(5):593–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Louissaint N, Cao Y, Skipper P, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, colonic tissue, and vaginal tissue. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(11):1443–50.PubMedCrossRef Louissaint N, Cao Y, Skipper P, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, colonic tissue, and vaginal tissue. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(11):1443–50.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Hendrix CW, Chen BA, Guddera V, et al. MTN-001: randomized pharmacokinetic cross-over study comparing tenofovir vaginal gel and oral tablets in vaginal tissue and other compartments. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55013.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hendrix CW, Chen BA, Guddera V, et al. MTN-001: randomized pharmacokinetic cross-over study comparing tenofovir vaginal gel and oral tablets in vaginal tissue and other compartments. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55013.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Myers JE, Sepkowitz KA. A pill for HIV prevention: Déjà vu all over again? Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(11):1604–12.PubMedCrossRef Myers JE, Sepkowitz KA. A pill for HIV prevention: Déjà vu all over again? Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(11):1604–12.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Preferences for Daily or Intermittent Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Regimens and Ability to Anticipate Sex Among HIV Uninfected Members of Kenyan HIV Serodiscordant Couples
Authors
Sarah T. Roberts
Renee Heffron
Kenneth Ngure
Connie Celum
Ann Kurth
Kathryn Curran
Nelly Mugo
Jared M. Baeten
Publication date
01-09-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 9/2014
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0804-1

Other articles of this Issue 9/2014

AIDS and Behavior 9/2014 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine