Skip to main content
Top

08-02-2024 | Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Predictive potential of various plasma inflammation-, angiogenesis-, and extracellular matrix remodeling-associated mediators for intra-amniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preterm labor

Authors: Eunwook Joo, Subeen Hong, Kyo Hoon Park, Hyeon Ji Kim, Min Jung Lee, Sue Shin

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

To determine whether various inflammatory-, angiogenic/anti-angiogenic-, and extracellular matrix remodeling-associated proteins in plasma, alone or in combination with conventional blood-based markers, can predict intra-amniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (IAI/MIAC) in women with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL).

Methods

A total of 193 singleton pregnant women with PTL (23–33 weeks) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Plasma samples were obtained at the time of amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid (AF) was cultured for microorganism detection and consequent MIAC diagnosis. IL-6 levels were determined in AF and used to identify IAI (AF IL-6 ≥ 2.6 ng/mL). Endostatin, haptoglobin, IGFBP-2/3, LBP, M-CSF, MMP-2/8, pentraxin 3, PlGF, S100A8/A9, and VEGFR-1 levels were assayed in plasma samples by ELISA. CRP levels and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured.

Results

Plasma LBP, MMP-8, and S100A8/A9 levels, CRP levels, and NLR were significantly higher, and plasma IGFBP-2 and MMP-2 levels were significantly lower in women with IAI/MIAC than in those without this condition, whereas no baseline variables differed significantly between the two groups. Using a stepwise regression analysis, a noninvasive prediction model for IAI/MIAC was developed, which included plasma LBP, MMP-2, and MMP-8 levels (area under the curve [AUC], 0.785). The AUC for this prediction model was significantly or borderline greater than that of any single factor included in the model.

Conclusions

IGFBP-2, LBP, MMP-2, MMP-8, and S100A8/A9 may represent valuable plasma biomarkers for predicting IAI/MIAC in women with PTL. Combination of LBP, MMP-2, and MMP-8 expression data can significantly improve the predictive potential for IAI/MIAC.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ (2013) Births: preliminary data for 2012. Natl Vital Stat Rep 62(3):1–20PubMed Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ (2013) Births: preliminary data for 2012. Natl Vital Stat Rep 62(3):1–20PubMed
2.
go back to reference Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Espinoza J (2003) Micronutrients and intrauterine infection, preterm birth and the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Nutr 133(5 Suppl 2):1668S-1673SPubMedCrossRef Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Espinoza J (2003) Micronutrients and intrauterine infection, preterm birth and the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Nutr 133(5 Suppl 2):1668S-1673SPubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Yoon BH, Romero R, Moon JB, Shim SS, Kim M, Kim G, Jun JK (2001) Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(5):1130–1136PubMedCrossRef Yoon BH, Romero R, Moon JB, Shim SS, Kim M, Kim G, Jun JK (2001) Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(5):1130–1136PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Jung HJ, Park KH, Kim SN, Hong JS, Oh KJ, Kim G, Kwon JY (2011) Non-invasive prediction of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(1):82–87PubMedCrossRef Jung HJ, Park KH, Kim SN, Hong JS, Oh KJ, Kim G, Kwon JY (2011) Non-invasive prediction of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(1):82–87PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Combs CA, Gravett M, Garite TJ, Hickok DE, Lapidus J, Porreco R, Rael J, Grove T, Morgan TK, Clewell W, Miller H, Luthy D, Pereira L, Nageotte M, Robilio PA, Fortunato S, Simhan H, Baxter JK, Amon E, Franco A, Trofatter K, Heyborne K, ProteoGenix/Obstetrix Collaborative Research N (2014) Amniotic fluid infection, inflammation, and colonization in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 210 (2):125 e121–125 e115 Combs CA, Gravett M, Garite TJ, Hickok DE, Lapidus J, Porreco R, Rael J, Grove T, Morgan TK, Clewell W, Miller H, Luthy D, Pereira L, Nageotte M, Robilio PA, Fortunato S, Simhan H, Baxter JK, Amon E, Franco A, Trofatter K, Heyborne K, ProteoGenix/Obstetrix Collaborative Research N (2014) Amniotic fluid infection, inflammation, and colonization in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 210 (2):125 e121–125 e115
7.
go back to reference Hong S, Park Y, Kim YM, Lee JE, Kim HJ, Park KH (2021) Antibody microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins associated with subsequent ruptured membranes in women with threatened preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 85(5):e13371PubMedCrossRef Hong S, Park Y, Kim YM, Lee JE, Kim HJ, Park KH (2021) Antibody microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins associated with subsequent ruptured membranes in women with threatened preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 85(5):e13371PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Bierstone D, Wagenaar N, Gano DL, Guo T, Georgio G, Groenendaal F, de Vries LS, Varghese J, Glass HC, Chung C, Terry J, Rijpert M, Grunau RE, Synnes A, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Benders M, Chau V, Miller SP (2018) Association of histologic chorioamnionitis with perinatal brain injury and early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm neonates. JAMA Pediatr 172(6):534–541PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bierstone D, Wagenaar N, Gano DL, Guo T, Georgio G, Groenendaal F, de Vries LS, Varghese J, Glass HC, Chung C, Terry J, Rijpert M, Grunau RE, Synnes A, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Benders M, Chau V, Miller SP (2018) Association of histologic chorioamnionitis with perinatal brain injury and early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm neonates. JAMA Pediatr 172(6):534–541PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Anblagan D, Pataky R, Evans MJ, Telford EJ, Serag A, Sparrow S, Piyasena C, Semple SI, Wilkinson AG, Bastin ME, Boardman JP (2016) Association between preterm brain injury and exposure to chorioamnionitis during fetal life. Sci Rep 6:37932PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefADS Anblagan D, Pataky R, Evans MJ, Telford EJ, Serag A, Sparrow S, Piyasena C, Semple SI, Wilkinson AG, Bastin ME, Boardman JP (2016) Association between preterm brain injury and exposure to chorioamnionitis during fetal life. Sci Rep 6:37932PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefADS
10.
go back to reference Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JY, Oh KJ, Lee J, Conde-Agudelo A, Hong JS (2019) Antibiotic administration can eradicate intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation in a subset of patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221 (2):142 e141–142 e122 Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JY, Oh KJ, Lee J, Conde-Agudelo A, Hong JS (2019) Antibiotic administration can eradicate intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation in a subset of patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221 (2):142 e141–142 e122
11.
go back to reference Chalupska M, Kacerovsky M, Stranik J, Gregor M, Maly J, Jacobsson B, Musilova I (2021) Intra-amniotic infection and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in cervical insufficiency with prolapsed fetal membranes: clinical implications. Fetal Diagn Ther 48(1):58–69PubMedCrossRef Chalupska M, Kacerovsky M, Stranik J, Gregor M, Maly J, Jacobsson B, Musilova I (2021) Intra-amniotic infection and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in cervical insufficiency with prolapsed fetal membranes: clinical implications. Fetal Diagn Ther 48(1):58–69PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, Korzeniewski SJ, Chaemsaithong P, Gotsch F, Dong Z, Ahmed AI, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Kim CJ, Yeo L (2014) Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 72(5):458–474PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Romero R, Miranda J, Chaiworapongsa T, Korzeniewski SJ, Chaemsaithong P, Gotsch F, Dong Z, Ahmed AI, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Kim CJ, Yeo L (2014) Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 72(5):458–474PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Holst RM, Hagberg H, Wennerholm UB, Skogstrand K, Thorsen P, Jacobsson B. Prediction of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in women with preterm labour: analysis of multiple proteins in amniotic and cervical fluids. BJOG 118 (2):240–249 Holst RM, Hagberg H, Wennerholm UB, Skogstrand K, Thorsen P, Jacobsson B. Prediction of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in women with preterm labour: analysis of multiple proteins in amniotic and cervical fluids. BJOG 118 (2):240–249
14.
go back to reference Oh KJ, Park KH, Kim SN, Jeong EH, Lee SY, Yoon HY (2011) Predictive value of intra-amniotic and serum markers for inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta. Placenta 32(10):732–736PubMedCrossRef Oh KJ, Park KH, Kim SN, Jeong EH, Lee SY, Yoon HY (2011) Predictive value of intra-amniotic and serum markers for inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta. Placenta 32(10):732–736PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Myntti T, Rahkonen L, Nupponen I, Patari-Sampo A, Tikkanen M, Sorsa T, Juhila J, Andersson S, Paavonen J, Stefanovic V (2017) Amniotic fluid infection in preterm pregnancies with intact membranes. Dis Markers 2017:8167276PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Myntti T, Rahkonen L, Nupponen I, Patari-Sampo A, Tikkanen M, Sorsa T, Juhila J, Andersson S, Paavonen J, Stefanovic V (2017) Amniotic fluid infection in preterm pregnancies with intact membranes. Dis Markers 2017:8167276PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Dulay AT, Buhimschi IA, Zhao G, Bahtiyar MO, Thung SF, Cackovic M, Buhimschi CS (2015) Compartmentalization of acute phase reactants Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin as biomarkers of intra-amniotic infection and chorioamnionitis. Cytokine 76(2):236–243PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dulay AT, Buhimschi IA, Zhao G, Bahtiyar MO, Thung SF, Cackovic M, Buhimschi CS (2015) Compartmentalization of acute phase reactants Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin as biomarkers of intra-amniotic infection and chorioamnionitis. Cytokine 76(2):236–243PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Cobo T, Tsiartas P, Kacerovsky M, Holst RM, Hougaard DM, Skogstrand K, Wennerholm UB, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B (2013) Maternal inflammatory response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity: analyses of multiple proteins in the maternal serum. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 92(1):61–68PubMedCrossRef Cobo T, Tsiartas P, Kacerovsky M, Holst RM, Hougaard DM, Skogstrand K, Wennerholm UB, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B (2013) Maternal inflammatory response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity: analyses of multiple proteins in the maternal serum. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 92(1):61–68PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Chow SS, Craig ME, Jones CA, Hall B, Catteau J, Lloyd AR, Rawlinson WD (2008) Differences in amniotic fluid and maternal serum cytokine levels in early midtrimester women without evidence of infection. Cytokine 44(1):78–84PubMedCrossRef Chow SS, Craig ME, Jones CA, Hall B, Catteau J, Lloyd AR, Rawlinson WD (2008) Differences in amniotic fluid and maternal serum cytokine levels in early midtrimester women without evidence of infection. Cytokine 44(1):78–84PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, Leng Y, Garcia-Flores V, Miller D, Jacques SM, Hassan SS, Faro J, Alsamsam A, Alhousseini A, Gomez-Roberts H, Panaitescu B, Yeo L, Maymon E (2017) Are amniotic fluid neutrophils in women with intraamniotic infection and/or inflammation of fetal or maternal origin? Am J Obstet Gynecol 217(6):693 e691–693 e616 Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Xu Y, Leng Y, Garcia-Flores V, Miller D, Jacques SM, Hassan SS, Faro J, Alsamsam A, Alhousseini A, Gomez-Roberts H, Panaitescu B, Yeo L, Maymon E (2017) Are amniotic fluid neutrophils in women with intraamniotic infection and/or inflammation of fetal or maternal origin? Am J Obstet Gynecol 217(6):693 e691–693 e616
20.
go back to reference Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Leng Y, Xu Y, Slutsky R, Levenson D, Pacora P, Jung E, Panaitescu B, Hsu CD (2019) The origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. J Perinat Med 47(8):822–840PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Leng Y, Xu Y, Slutsky R, Levenson D, Pacora P, Jung E, Panaitescu B, Hsu CD (2019) The origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. J Perinat Med 47(8):822–840PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Sheller-Miller S, Choi K, Choi C, Menon R (2019) Cyclic-recombinase-reporter mouse model to determine exosome communication and function during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221(5):502 e501–502 e512 Sheller-Miller S, Choi K, Choi C, Menon R (2019) Cyclic-recombinase-reporter mouse model to determine exosome communication and function during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221(5):502 e501–502 e512
23.
go back to reference Kim SK, Romero R, Savasan ZA, Xu Y, Dong Z, Lee DC, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T (2013) Endoglin in amniotic fluid as a risk factor for the subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Reprod Immunol 69(2):105–123PubMedCrossRef Kim SK, Romero R, Savasan ZA, Xu Y, Dong Z, Lee DC, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T (2013) Endoglin in amniotic fluid as a risk factor for the subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Reprod Immunol 69(2):105–123PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Lee J, Lee SM, Oh KJ, Park CW, Jun JK, Yoon BH (2011) Fragmented forms of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in amniotic fluid of patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Reprod Sci 18(9):842–849PubMedCrossRef Lee J, Lee SM, Oh KJ, Park CW, Jun JK, Yoon BH (2011) Fragmented forms of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in amniotic fluid of patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Reprod Sci 18(9):842–849PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Nien JK, Yoon BH, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, Erez O, Soto E, Richani K, Gomez R, Hassan S, Mazor M, Edwin S, Bahado-Singh R, Romero R (2006) A rapid MMP-8 bedside test for the detection of intra-amniotic inflammation identifies patients at risk for imminent preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195(4):1025–1030PubMedCrossRef Nien JK, Yoon BH, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, Erez O, Soto E, Richani K, Gomez R, Hassan S, Mazor M, Edwin S, Bahado-Singh R, Romero R (2006) A rapid MMP-8 bedside test for the detection of intra-amniotic inflammation identifies patients at risk for imminent preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195(4):1025–1030PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Espinoza J, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim JC, Yoshimatsu J, Edwin S, Rathnasabapathy C, Tolosa J, Donnenfeld A, Craparo F, Gomez R, Bujold E (2002) Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and human parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 12(5):313–321PubMedCrossRef Espinoza J, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim JC, Yoshimatsu J, Edwin S, Rathnasabapathy C, Tolosa J, Donnenfeld A, Craparo F, Gomez R, Bujold E (2002) Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and human parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 12(5):313–321PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Gardella C, Hitti J, Martin TR, Ruzinski JT, Eschenbach D (2001) Amniotic fluid lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14 as mediators of the inflammatory response in preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184(6):1241–1248PubMedCrossRef Gardella C, Hitti J, Martin TR, Ruzinski JT, Eschenbach D (2001) Amniotic fluid lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14 as mediators of the inflammatory response in preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184(6):1241–1248PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Cruciani L, Romero R, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Ogge G, Gotsch F, Erez O, Kim SK, Dong Z, Pacora P, Lamont RF, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Di Renzo GC (2010) Pentraxin 3 in amniotic fluid: a novel association with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. J Perinat Med 38(2):161–171PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cruciani L, Romero R, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Ogge G, Gotsch F, Erez O, Kim SK, Dong Z, Pacora P, Lamont RF, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Di Renzo GC (2010) Pentraxin 3 in amniotic fluid: a novel association with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. J Perinat Med 38(2):161–171PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Kacerovsky M, Celec P, Vlkova B, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Cobo T, Jacobsson B (2013) Amniotic fluid protein profiles of intraamniotic inflammatory response to Ureaplasma spp and other bacteria. PLoS One 8(3):e60399PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefADS Kacerovsky M, Celec P, Vlkova B, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Cobo T, Jacobsson B (2013) Amniotic fluid protein profiles of intraamniotic inflammatory response to Ureaplasma spp and other bacteria. PLoS One 8(3):e60399PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefADS
30.
go back to reference McCarthy ME, Buhimschi CS, Hardy JT, Dulay AT, Laky CA, Bahtyiar MO, Papanna R, Zhao G, Buhimschi IA (2018) Identification of haptoglobin switch-on status in archived placental specimens indicates antenatal exposure to inflammation and potential participation of the fetus in triggering preterm birth. Placenta 62:50–57PubMedCrossRef McCarthy ME, Buhimschi CS, Hardy JT, Dulay AT, Laky CA, Bahtyiar MO, Papanna R, Zhao G, Buhimschi IA (2018) Identification of haptoglobin switch-on status in archived placental specimens indicates antenatal exposure to inflammation and potential participation of the fetus in triggering preterm birth. Placenta 62:50–57PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Palacio M, Hornychova H, Hougaard DM, Skogstrand K, Jacobsson B (2012) Intra-amniotic inflammatory response in subgroups of women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. PLoS ONE 7(8):e43677PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefADS Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Palacio M, Hornychova H, Hougaard DM, Skogstrand K, Jacobsson B (2012) Intra-amniotic inflammatory response in subgroups of women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. PLoS ONE 7(8):e43677PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefADS
32.
go back to reference Hong S, Park KH, Kim YM, Lee YE, Park Y, Lee JE (2020) A protein microarray analysis of plasma proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor. Reprod Sci 27(5):1187–1196PubMedCrossRef Hong S, Park KH, Kim YM, Lee YE, Park Y, Lee JE (2020) A protein microarray analysis of plasma proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor. Reprod Sci 27(5):1187–1196PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Kim SA, Park KH, Lee SM, Kim YM, Hong S (2022) Inflammatory proteins in the amniotic fluid, plasma, and cervicovaginal fluid for the prediction of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and imminent preterm birth in preterm labor. Am J Perinatol 39(7):766–775PubMedCrossRef Kim SA, Park KH, Lee SM, Kim YM, Hong S (2022) Inflammatory proteins in the amniotic fluid, plasma, and cervicovaginal fluid for the prediction of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation and imminent preterm birth in preterm labor. Am J Perinatol 39(7):766–775PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Park H, Park KH, Kim YM, Kook SY, Jeon SJ, Yoo HN (2018) Plasma inflammatory and immune proteins as predictors of intra-amniotic infection and spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor: a retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18(1):146PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Park H, Park KH, Kim YM, Kook SY, Jeon SJ, Yoo HN (2018) Plasma inflammatory and immune proteins as predictors of intra-amniotic infection and spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor: a retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18(1):146PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Park JW, Park KH, Kook SY, Jung YM, Kim YM (2019) Immune biomarkers in maternal plasma to identify histologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 299(3):725–732PubMedCrossRef Park JW, Park KH, Kook SY, Jung YM, Kim YM (2019) Immune biomarkers in maternal plasma to identify histologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 299(3):725–732PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Oh KJ, Romero R, Park JY, Lee J, Conde-Agudelo A, Hong JS, Yoon BH (2019) Evidence that antibiotic administration is effective in the treatment of a subset of patients with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation presenting with cervical insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221(2):140 e141–140 e118 Oh KJ, Romero R, Park JY, Lee J, Conde-Agudelo A, Hong JS, Yoon BH (2019) Evidence that antibiotic administration is effective in the treatment of a subset of patients with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation presenting with cervical insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221(2):140 e141–140 e118
37.
go back to reference Lee SY, Park KH, Jeong EH, Oh KJ, Ryu A, Kim A (2013) Intra-amniotic infection/inflammation as a risk factor for subsequent ruptured membranes after clinically indicated amniocentesis in preterm labor. J Korean Med Sci 28(8):1226–1232PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lee SY, Park KH, Jeong EH, Oh KJ, Ryu A, Kim A (2013) Intra-amniotic infection/inflammation as a risk factor for subsequent ruptured membranes after clinically indicated amniocentesis in preterm labor. J Korean Med Sci 28(8):1226–1232PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Park KH, Kim HJ, Lee YE, Kim YM, Lee JE, Hong S (2022) Protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins associated with spontaneous preterm birth in women with preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 87(2):e13517PubMedCrossRef Park KH, Kim HJ, Lee YE, Kim YM, Lee JE, Hong S (2022) Protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins associated with spontaneous preterm birth in women with preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 87(2):e13517PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Alpay Savasan Z, Xu Y, Hussein Y, Dong Z, Kusanovic JP, Kim CJ, Hassan SS (2011) Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 24(12):1444–1455PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Alpay Savasan Z, Xu Y, Hussein Y, Dong Z, Kusanovic JP, Kim CJ, Hassan SS (2011) Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 24(12):1444–1455PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Jung EY, Choi BY, Rhee J, Park J, Cho SH, Park KH (2017) Relation between amniotic fluid infection or cytokine levels and hearing screen failure in infants at 32 wk gestation or less. Pediatr Res 81(2):349–355PubMedCrossRef Jung EY, Choi BY, Rhee J, Park J, Cho SH, Park KH (2017) Relation between amniotic fluid infection or cytokine levels and hearing screen failure in infants at 32 wk gestation or less. Pediatr Res 81(2):349–355PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Gibbs RS, Blanco JD, St Clair PJ, Castaneda YS (1982) Quantitative bacteriology of amniotic fluid from women with clinical intraamniotic infection at term. J Infect Dis 145(1):1–8PubMedCrossRef Gibbs RS, Blanco JD, St Clair PJ, Castaneda YS (1982) Quantitative bacteriology of amniotic fluid from women with clinical intraamniotic infection at term. J Infect Dis 145(1):1–8PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF (2006) The inconsistency of “optimal” cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol 163(7):670–675PubMedCrossRef Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF (2006) The inconsistency of “optimal” cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol 163(7):670–675PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44(3):837–845PubMedCrossRef DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44(3):837–845PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Muta T, Takeshige K (2001) Essential roles of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein for activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 as well as TLR4 Reconstitution of TLR2- and TLR4-activation by distinguishable ligands in LPS preparations. Eur J Biochem 268(16):4580–4589PubMedCrossRef Muta T, Takeshige K (2001) Essential roles of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein for activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 as well as TLR4 Reconstitution of TLR2- and TLR4-activation by distinguishable ligands in LPS preparations. Eur J Biochem 268(16):4580–4589PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Chen FC, Sarioglu N, Buscher U, Dudenhausen JW (2009) Lipopolysaccharide binding protein in the early diagnosis of intraamniotic infection of pregnant women with premature rupture of the membranes. J Perinat Med 37(2):135–139PubMedCrossRef Chen FC, Sarioglu N, Buscher U, Dudenhausen JW (2009) Lipopolysaccharide binding protein in the early diagnosis of intraamniotic infection of pregnant women with premature rupture of the membranes. J Perinat Med 37(2):135–139PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Joo E, Park KH, Kim YM, Ahn K, Hong S (2021) Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid LBP, pentraxin 3, resistin, and IGFBP-3: biomarkers of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity and/or intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Korean Med Sci 36(44):e279PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Joo E, Park KH, Kim YM, Ahn K, Hong S (2021) Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid LBP, pentraxin 3, resistin, and IGFBP-3: biomarkers of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity and/or intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Korean Med Sci 36(44):e279PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Shin M, Kang HS, Park JH, Bae JH, Song DK, Im SS (2017) Recent insights into insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 transcriptional regulation. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 32(1):11–17PubMedCrossRef Shin M, Kang HS, Park JH, Bae JH, Song DK, Im SS (2017) Recent insights into insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 transcriptional regulation. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 32(1):11–17PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Yau SW, Azar WJ, Sabin MA, Werther GA, Russo VC (2015) IGFBP-2 – taking the lead in growth, metabolism and cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 9(2):125–142PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yau SW, Azar WJ, Sabin MA, Werther GA, Russo VC (2015) IGFBP-2 – taking the lead in growth, metabolism and cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 9(2):125–142PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Heald AH, Kaushal K, Siddals KW, Rudenski AS, Anderson SG, Gibson JM (2006) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a marker for the metabolic syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114(7):371–376PubMedCrossRef Heald AH, Kaushal K, Siddals KW, Rudenski AS, Anderson SG, Gibson JM (2006) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a marker for the metabolic syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114(7):371–376PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Fingleton B (2017) Matrix metalloproteinases as regulators of inflammatory processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1864(11 Pt A):2036–2042 Fingleton B (2017) Matrix metalloproteinases as regulators of inflammatory processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1864(11 Pt A):2036–2042
51.
go back to reference Bauvois B (2012) New facets of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 as cell surface transducers: outside-in signaling and relationship to tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta 1825(1):29–36PubMed Bauvois B (2012) New facets of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 as cell surface transducers: outside-in signaling and relationship to tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta 1825(1):29–36PubMed
52.
go back to reference Mook OR, Frederiks WM, Van Noorden CJ (2004) The role of gelatinases in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1705(2):69–89PubMed Mook OR, Frederiks WM, Van Noorden CJ (2004) The role of gelatinases in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1705(2):69–89PubMed
53.
go back to reference Xu P, Alfaidy N, Challis JR (2002) Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in human placenta and fetal membranes in relation to preterm and term labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(3):1353–1361PubMedCrossRef Xu P, Alfaidy N, Challis JR (2002) Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in human placenta and fetal membranes in relation to preterm and term labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(3):1353–1361PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Fortunato SJ, Menon R (2001) Distinct molecular events suggest different pathways for preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184(7):1399–1405; discussion 1405–1396 Fortunato SJ, Menon R (2001) Distinct molecular events suggest different pathways for preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184(7):1399–1405; discussion 1405–1396
55.
go back to reference Nikolov A, Popovski N (2021) Role of gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in healthy and complicated pregnancy and their future potential as preeclampsia biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 11(3) Nikolov A, Popovski N (2021) Role of gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in healthy and complicated pregnancy and their future potential as preeclampsia biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 11(3)
56.
go back to reference Koucky M, Germanova A, Kalousova M, Hill M, Cindrova-Davies T, Parizek A, Svarcova J, Zima T, Hajek Z (2010) Low maternal serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 concentrations are associated with preterm labor and fetal inflammatory response. J Perinat Med 38(6):589–596PubMedCrossRef Koucky M, Germanova A, Kalousova M, Hill M, Cindrova-Davies T, Parizek A, Svarcova J, Zima T, Hajek Z (2010) Low maternal serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 concentrations are associated with preterm labor and fetal inflammatory response. J Perinat Med 38(6):589–596PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Zhang H, Wang LU, Wang J, Hei J, Ruan C (2015) Premature rupture of the fetal membrane combined with subclinical chorioamnionitis negatively affects pregnancy outcomes by a mechanism associated with reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Exp Ther Med 10(2):561–566PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhang H, Wang LU, Wang J, Hei J, Ruan C (2015) Premature rupture of the fetal membrane combined with subclinical chorioamnionitis negatively affects pregnancy outcomes by a mechanism associated with reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Exp Ther Med 10(2):561–566PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Duran-Chavez J, Grandi C, Dos SRL, de Freitas SF, Cardoso VC, Carvalho Cavalli R (2021) Relationship between metalloproteinase-2 and -9 levels in plasma and vaginal secretion with preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 261:217–221PubMedCrossRef Duran-Chavez J, Grandi C, Dos SRL, de Freitas SF, Cardoso VC, Carvalho Cavalli R (2021) Relationship between metalloproteinase-2 and -9 levels in plasma and vaginal secretion with preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 261:217–221PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Kim HJ, Park KH, Kim YM, Joo E, Ahn K, Shin S (2020) A protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at 23 to 30 weeks of gestation. PLoS ONE 15(12):e0244720PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kim HJ, Park KH, Kim YM, Joo E, Ahn K, Shin S (2020) A protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at 23 to 30 weeks of gestation. PLoS ONE 15(12):e0244720PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Musilova I, Andrys C, Drahosova M, Soucek O, Stepan M, Bestvina T, Spacek R, Jacobsson B, Cobo T, Kacerovsky M (2017) Intraamniotic inflammation and umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 30(8):900–910PubMedCrossRef Musilova I, Andrys C, Drahosova M, Soucek O, Stepan M, Bestvina T, Spacek R, Jacobsson B, Cobo T, Kacerovsky M (2017) Intraamniotic inflammation and umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 30(8):900–910PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Kim KW, Romero R, Park HS, Park CW, Shim SS, Jun JK, Yoon BH (2007) A rapid matrix metalloproteinase-8 bedside test for the detection of intraamniotic inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197(3):292 e291–295 Kim KW, Romero R, Park HS, Park CW, Shim SS, Jun JK, Yoon BH (2007) A rapid matrix metalloproteinase-8 bedside test for the detection of intraamniotic inflammation in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197(3):292 e291–295
62.
go back to reference Dejonckheere E, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C (2011) Matrix metalloproteinase8 has a central role in inflammatory disorders and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 22(2):73–81PubMedCrossRef Dejonckheere E, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C (2011) Matrix metalloproteinase8 has a central role in inflammatory disorders and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 22(2):73–81PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Maymon E, Romero R, Pacora P, Gomez R, Athayde N, Edwin S, Yoon BH (2000) Human neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8) in parturition, premature rupture of the membranes, and intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183(1):94–99PubMedCrossRef Maymon E, Romero R, Pacora P, Gomez R, Athayde N, Edwin S, Yoon BH (2000) Human neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8) in parturition, premature rupture of the membranes, and intrauterine infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183(1):94–99PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Holmstrom E, Myntti T, Sorsa T, Kruit H, Juhila J, Paavonen J, Rahkonen L, Stefanovic V (2019) Cervical and amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in preterm pregnancies with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes. Fetal Diagn Ther 46(2):103–110PubMedCrossRef Holmstrom E, Myntti T, Sorsa T, Kruit H, Juhila J, Paavonen J, Rahkonen L, Stefanovic V (2019) Cervical and amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in preterm pregnancies with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes. Fetal Diagn Ther 46(2):103–110PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Balciuniene G, Gulbiniene V, Dumalakiene I, Viliene R, Bartkeviciene D, Pilypiene I, Drasutiene GS, Ramasauskaite D (2021) Prognostic markers for chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MMP-8 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid. J Clin Med 10(5) Balciuniene G, Gulbiniene V, Dumalakiene I, Viliene R, Bartkeviciene D, Pilypiene I, Drasutiene GS, Ramasauskaite D (2021) Prognostic markers for chorioamnionitis: IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MMP-8 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid. J Clin Med 10(5)
66.
go back to reference Dymanowska-Dyjak I, Stupak A, Kondracka A, Geca T, Krzyzanowski A, Kwasniewska A (2021) Elastography and metalloproteinases in patients at high risk of preterm labor. J Clin Med 10(17) Dymanowska-Dyjak I, Stupak A, Kondracka A, Geca T, Krzyzanowski A, Kwasniewska A (2021) Elastography and metalloproteinases in patients at high risk of preterm labor. J Clin Med 10(17)
67.
go back to reference Ashford K, Chavan NR, Wiggins AT, Sayre MM, McCubbin A, Critchfield AS, O’Brien J (2018) Comparison of serum and cervical cytokine levels throughout pregnancy between preterm and term births. AJP Rep 8(2):e113–e120PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ashford K, Chavan NR, Wiggins AT, Sayre MM, McCubbin A, Critchfield AS, O’Brien J (2018) Comparison of serum and cervical cytokine levels throughout pregnancy between preterm and term births. AJP Rep 8(2):e113–e120PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Foell D, Wittkowski H, Vogl T, Roth J (2007) S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. J Leukoc Biol 81(1):28–37PubMedCrossRef Foell D, Wittkowski H, Vogl T, Roth J (2007) S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. J Leukoc Biol 81(1):28–37PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Edwin S, Rathnasabapathy C, Gomez R, Bujold E, Camacho N, Kim YM, Hassan S, Blackwell S, Whitty J, Berman S, Redman M, Yoon BH, Sorokin Y (2003) Antimicrobial peptides in amniotic fluid: defensins, calprotectin and bacterial/permeability-increasing protein in patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, intra-amniotic inflammation, preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 13(1):2–21PubMedCrossRef Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Edwin S, Rathnasabapathy C, Gomez R, Bujold E, Camacho N, Kim YM, Hassan S, Blackwell S, Whitty J, Berman S, Redman M, Yoon BH, Sorokin Y (2003) Antimicrobial peptides in amniotic fluid: defensins, calprotectin and bacterial/permeability-increasing protein in patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, intra-amniotic inflammation, preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 13(1):2–21PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Ruetschi U, Rosen A, Karlsson G, Zetterberg H, Rymo L, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B (2005) Proteomic analysis using protein chips to detect biomarkers in cervical and amniotic fluid in women with intra-amniotic inflammation. J Proteome Res 4(6):2236–2242PubMedCrossRef Ruetschi U, Rosen A, Karlsson G, Zetterberg H, Rymo L, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B (2005) Proteomic analysis using protein chips to detect biomarkers in cervical and amniotic fluid in women with intra-amniotic inflammation. J Proteome Res 4(6):2236–2242PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Park JW, Park KH, Lee JE, Kim YM, Lee SJ, Cheon DH (2019) Antibody microarray analysis of plasma proteins for the prediction of histologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Reprod Sci 26(11):1476–1484PubMedCrossRef Park JW, Park KH, Lee JE, Kim YM, Lee SJ, Cheon DH (2019) Antibody microarray analysis of plasma proteins for the prediction of histologic chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Reprod Sci 26(11):1476–1484PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Romero R, Miranda J, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiworapongsa T, Kusanovic JP, Dong Z, Ahmed AI, Shaman M, Lannaman K, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Kim CJ, Korzeniewski SJ, Yeo L, Kim YM (2015) Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 28(12):1394–1409PubMedCrossRef Romero R, Miranda J, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiworapongsa T, Kusanovic JP, Dong Z, Ahmed AI, Shaman M, Lannaman K, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Kim CJ, Korzeniewski SJ, Yeo L, Kim YM (2015) Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 28(12):1394–1409PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference DiGiulio DB, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Gomez R, Kim CJ, Seok KS, Gotsch F, Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Sanders K, Bik EM, Chaiworapongsa T, Oyarzun E, Relman DA (2010) Prevalence and diversity of microbes in the amniotic fluid, the fetal inflammatory response, and pregnancy outcome in women with preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 64(1):38–57PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef DiGiulio DB, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Gomez R, Kim CJ, Seok KS, Gotsch F, Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Sanders K, Bik EM, Chaiworapongsa T, Oyarzun E, Relman DA (2010) Prevalence and diversity of microbes in the amniotic fluid, the fetal inflammatory response, and pregnancy outcome in women with preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol 64(1):38–57PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Gao F, Yin J, Long Y, Zhu S, Huang Z, Wang J, Zheng H, Wang W, Zheng L (2022) Diagnostic value of IGFBP-2 in predicting preeclampsia before 20 weeks of pregnancy: a prospective nested case-control study. Comput Math Methods Med 2022:5075569PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gao F, Yin J, Long Y, Zhu S, Huang Z, Wang J, Zheng H, Wang W, Zheng L (2022) Diagnostic value of IGFBP-2 in predicting preeclampsia before 20 weeks of pregnancy: a prospective nested case-control study. Comput Math Methods Med 2022:5075569PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Feng H, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Guo W, Wang X (2017) Ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-2 to -9 is a more accurate predictive biomarker in women with suspected pre-eclampsia. Biosci Rep 37(2):BSR20160508 Feng H, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Guo W, Wang X (2017) Ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-2 to -9 is a more accurate predictive biomarker in women with suspected pre-eclampsia. Biosci Rep 37(2):BSR20160508
77.
go back to reference Pergialiotis V, Prodromidou A, Pappa E, Vlachos GD, Perrea DN, Papantoniou N (2016) An evaluation of calprotectin as serum marker of preeclampsia: a systematic review of observational studies. Inflamm Res 65(2):95–102PubMedCrossRef Pergialiotis V, Prodromidou A, Pappa E, Vlachos GD, Perrea DN, Papantoniou N (2016) An evaluation of calprotectin as serum marker of preeclampsia: a systematic review of observational studies. Inflamm Res 65(2):95–102PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Seki H (2014) Balance of antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors in the context of the etiology of preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93(10):959–964PubMedCrossRef Seki H (2014) Balance of antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors in the context of the etiology of preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93(10):959–964PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Usher DC, Swanson C, Rader DJ, Kramer J, Brewer HB (1994) A comparison of Lp(a) levels in fresh and frozen plasma using ELISAs with either anti-apo(a) or anti-apoB reporting antibodies. Chem Phys Lipids 67–68:243–248PubMedCrossRef Usher DC, Swanson C, Rader DJ, Kramer J, Brewer HB (1994) A comparison of Lp(a) levels in fresh and frozen plasma using ELISAs with either anti-apo(a) or anti-apoB reporting antibodies. Chem Phys Lipids 67–68:243–248PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Balciuniene G, Kvederaite-Budre G, Gulbiniene V, Dumalakiene I, Viliene R, Pilypiene I, Drasutiene GS, Ramasauskaite D (2021) Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes: a case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21(1):656PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Balciuniene G, Kvederaite-Budre G, Gulbiniene V, Dumalakiene I, Viliene R, Pilypiene I, Drasutiene GS, Ramasauskaite D (2021) Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes: a case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21(1):656PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Lee JH, Park CW, Moon KC, Park JS, Jun JK (2021) Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in maternal blood: a clue to suspect amnionitis. J Clin Med 10(12) Lee JH, Park CW, Moon KC, Park JS, Jun JK (2021) Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in maternal blood: a clue to suspect amnionitis. J Clin Med 10(12)
Metadata
Title
Predictive potential of various plasma inflammation-, angiogenesis-, and extracellular matrix remodeling-associated mediators for intra-amniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preterm labor
Authors
Eunwook Joo
Subeen Hong
Kyo Hoon Park
Hyeon Ji Kim
Min Jung Lee
Sue Shin
Publication date
08-02-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07378-5