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BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Prediction of spontaneous closure of isolated ventricular septal defects in utero and postnatal life

Authors: Xing Li, Gui-Xian Song, Li-Jie Wu, Yu-Mei Chen, Yi Fan, Yun Wu, Ya-Hui Shen, Li Cao, Ling-Mei Qian

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a highly prevalent fetal congenital heart defect, which can become spontaneously closed during infancy. The current study aims to characterize fetal VSDs that were subsequently spontaneously closed in the first 2 years of life in eastern China.

Methods

Between January 2011 and December 2013, 257 fetal patients diagnosed with isolated VSD by fetal echocardiography at Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China, were enrolled in the study. Subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 = persistent VSD; group 2 = closed after birth; group 3 = closed during gestation. Fetal echocardiography data, physical features at birth and follow-up outcomes for 2 years were compared to identify factors contributing to spontaneous closure (SC) of VSD. A predictive formula was applied to patients admitted to hospital in the first quarter of 2014 (n = 23) for validation.

Results

SC occurred in 42.8% patients. Birth weight (3.095 ± 0.774, 3.174 ± 0.535, 3.499 ± 0.532 kg in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and defect diameter (3.422 ± 0.972, 2.426 ± 0.599, 2.292 ± 0.479 mm, in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) showed statistically significant differences between the three groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.000, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves identified cut-off value for the defect diameter as 2.55 mm, and logistic regression analysis identified the SC probability = (1 + exp -[-2.151 − 0.716*birth weight + 1.393*diameter])-1. Results indicated that male fetuses, full-term birth, muscular VSD, and defects without blood flow crossing the septum, have higher incidence of SC.

Conclusions

The major determinants of SC of isolated VSD are birth weight and diameter of the defect. In addition, VSD location may also affect the SC incidence.
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Metadata
Title
Prediction of spontaneous closure of isolated ventricular septal defects in utero and postnatal life
Authors
Xing Li
Gui-Xian Song
Li-Jie Wu
Yu-Mei Chen
Yi Fan
Yun Wu
Ya-Hui Shen
Li Cao
Ling-Mei Qian
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0735-2

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