Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Reproductive Health
Published in: Reproductive Health 3/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Review

Preconception care: delivery strategies and packages for care

Authors: Zohra S Lassi, Sohni V Dean, Dania Mallick, Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Published in: Reproductive Health | Special Issue 3/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

The notion of preconception care aims to target the existing risks before pregnancy, whereby resources may be used to improve reproductive health and optimize knowledge before conceiving. The preconception period provides an opportunity to intervene earlier to optimize the health of potential mothers (and fathers) and to prevent harmful exposures from affecting the developing fetus. These interventions include birth spacing and preventing teenage pregnancy, promotion of contraceptive use, optimization of weight and micronutrient status, prevention and management of infectious diseases, and screening for and managing chronic conditions. Given existing interventions and the need to organize services to optimize delivery of care in a logical and effective manner, interventions are frequently co-packaged or bundled together. This paper highlights packages of preconception interventions that can be combined and co-delivered to women through various delivery channels and provides a logical framework for development of such packages in varying contexts.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Kerber KJ, de Graft-Johnson JE, Bhutta ZA, Okong P, Starrs A, Lawn JE: Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health: from slogan to service delivery. Lancet. 2007, 370 (59595): 1358-1369.PubMed
2.
Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Adam T, Walker N, de-Bernis L: Evidence-based, cost effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save?. Lancet. 2005, 365 (9463): 977-988.PubMed
3.
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Bahl R, Lawn JE, Salam RA, Paul VK, Sankar JM, Blencowe H, Rizvi A, Chou VB: Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost?. Lancet. 2014, pii: S0140-6736(14)60792-3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60792-3. [Epub ahead of print]
4.
5.
Bhutta Z, Dean S, Imam A, Lassi Z: A Systematic Review of Preconception Risks and Interventions. 2011, Karachi. The Aga Khan University
6.
Dean SV, Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Bhutta ZA: Preconception Care: closing the gap in the continuum of care to accelerate improvements in maternal, newborn and child health. Reproductive Health. 2014
7.
Dean SV, Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Bhutta ZA: Preconception care: promoting reproductive planning. Reproductive Health. 2014
8.
Dean SV, Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Bhutta ZA: Preconception care: nutritional risks and interventions. Reproductive Health. 2014
9.
Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Dean SV, Bhutta ZA: Preconception Care: preventing and treating infections. Reproductive Health. 2014
10.
LAssi ZS, Imam AM, Dean SV, Bhutta ZA: Preconception Care: screening and management of chronic disease and promoting psychological health. Reproductive Health. 2014
11.
Lassi ZS, Imam AM, Dean SV, Bhutta ZA: Preconception care: caffeine, smoking, alcohol, drugs and other environmental chemical/radiation exposure. Reproductive Health. 2014
12.
WHO: Adolescent pregnancy –Unmet needs and undone deeds. 2007
13.
Paranjothy S, Broughton H, Adappa R, Fone D: Teenage pregnancy: who suffers?. Archives of disease in childhood. 2009, 94 (3): 239-PubMed
14.
Chen XK, Wen SW, Fleming N, Demissie K, Rhoads GG, Walker M: Teenage pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a large population based retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2007
15.
Gibbs CM, Wendt A, Peters S, Hogue CJ: The impact of early age at first childbirth on maternal and infant health. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 2012, 26 (s1): 259-284.PubMedCentralPubMed
16.
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Arriaga XB, Helms RW, Koch GG, Linder GF: An evaluation of Safe Dates, an adolescent dating violence prevention program. American journal of public health. 1998, 88 (1): 45-PubMedCentralPubMed
17.
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Greene WF, Koch GG, Linder GF, MacDougall JE: The Safe Dates program: 1-year follow-up results. American journal of public health. 2000, 90 (10): 1619-PubMedCentralPubMed
18.
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Ennett ST, Linder GF, Benefield T, Suchindran C: Assessing the long-term effects of the Safe Dates Program and a booster in preventing and reducing adolescent dating violence victimization and perpetration. American journal of public health. 2004, 94 (4): 619-PubMedCentralPubMed
19.
Wolfe DA, Wekerle C, Scott K, Straatman AL, Grasley C, Reitzel-Jaffe D: Dating violence prevention with at-risk youth: a controlled outcome evaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2003, 71 (2): 279-PubMed
20.
Hahn R, Fuqua-Whitley D, Wethington H, Lowy J, Liberman A, Crosby A, Fullilove M, Johnson R, Moscicki E, Price LS: The effectiveness of universal school-based programs for the prevention of violent and aggressive behavior. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007, 56: 1-12.
21.
Anderson JL, Waller DK, Canfield MA, Shaw GM, Watkins ML, Werler MM: Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, and central nervous system birth defects. Epidemiology. 2005, 16 (1): 87-PubMed
22.
Barlow J, S N, Bennett C, Huband N, Jones H, Coren E: Individual and group based parenting programmes for improving psychosocial outcomes for teenage parents and their children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011, Art.No.: CD002964, 3
23.
Harden A, Brunton G, Fletcher A, Oakley A: Teenage pregnancy and social disadvantage: systematic review integrating controlled trials and qualitative studies. BMJ. 2009, 339: b4254-PubMedCentralPubMed
24.
Azad K, Barnett S, Banerjee B, Shaha S, Khan K, Rego AR, Barua S, Flatman D, Pagel C, Prost A: Effect of scaling up women's groups on birth outcomes in three rural districts in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2010, 375 (9721): 1193-1202.
25.
Bhutta ZA, Soofi S, Cousens S, Mohammad S, Memon ZA, Ali I, Feroze A, Raza F, Khan A, Wall S: Improvement of perinatal and newborn care in rural Pakistan through community-based strategies: a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial. The Lancet. 2011
26.
Manandhar DS, Osrin D, Shrestha BP, Mesko N, Morrison J, Tumbahangphe KM, Tamang S, Thapa S, Shrestha D, Thapa B: Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2004, 364 (9438): 970-979.
27.
Tripathy P, Nair N, Barnett S, Mahapatra R, Borghi J, Rath S, Gope R, Mahto D, Sinha R: Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes and maternal depression in Jharkhand and Orissa, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2010, 375 (9721): 1182-1192.
28.
Jack BW, Culpepper L, Babcock J, Kogan MD, Weismiller D: Addressing preconception risks identified at the time of a negative pregnancy test. A randomized trial. The Journal of family practice. 1998, 47 (1): 33-PubMed
29.
Elsinga J, de Jong-Potjer LC, van der Pal-de Bruin KM, le Cessie S, Assendelft WJJ, Buitendijk SE: The effect of preconception counselling on lifestyle and other behaviour before and during pregnancy. Women's Health Issues. 2008, 18 (6S): 117-125.
30.
de Jong-Potjer LC, Elsinga J, Le Cessie S, Van der Pal-de Bruin KM, Neven AK, Buitendijk SE, Assendelft WJJ: GP-initiated preconception counselling in a randomised controlled trial does not induce anxiety. BMC Family Practice. 2006, 7 (1): 66-PubMedCentralPubMed
31.
Lumley J, Donohue L: Aiming to increase birth weight: a randomised trial of pre-pregnancy information, advice and counselling in inner-urban Melbourne. BMC Public Health. 2006, 6 (1): 299-PubMedCentralPubMed
32.
Whitworth M, Dowswell T: Routine pre-pregnancy health promotion for improving pregnancy outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, 4: CD007536-PubMed
33.
Hillemeier MM, Downs DS, Feinberg ME, Weisman CS, Chuang CH, Parrott R, Velott D, Francis LA, Baker SA, Dyer AM: Improving women's preconceptional health findings from a randomized trial of the Strong Healthy Women intervention in the Central Pennsylvania women's health study. Women's Health Issues official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 2008, 18 (6 Suppl): S87-PubMedCentralPubMed
34.
Czeizel AE: Ten years of experience in periconceptional care. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1999, 84 (1): 43-49.
35.
Livingood WC, Brady C, Pierce K, Atrash H, Hou T, Bryant T: Impact of Pre-Conception Health Care: Evaluation of a Social Determinants Focused Intervention. Maternal and child health journal. 2010, 14 (3): 382-391.PubMed
36.
Moos MK, Bangdiwala SI, Meibohm AR, Cefalo RC: The impact of a preconceptional health promotion program on intendedness of pregnancy. American Journal of Perinatology. 1996, 13 (2): 103-108.PubMed
37.
Midhet F, Becker S: Impact of community-based interventions on maternal and neonatal health indicators: Results from a community randomized trial in rural Balochistan, Pakistan. Reproductive Health. 2010, 7 (1): 30-PubMedCentralPubMed
38.
O'Rourke K, Howard-Grabman L, Seoane G: Impact of community organization of women on perinatal outcomes in rural Bolivia. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 1998, 3: 9-14.PubMed
39.
Colbourn T, Nambiar B, Bondo A, Makwenda C, Tsetekani E, Makonda-Ridley A, Msukwa M, Barker P, Kotagal U, Williams C: Effects of quality improvement in health facilities and community mobilization through women's groups on maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality in three districts of Malawi: MaiKhanda, a cluster randomized controlled effectiveness trial. International Health. 2013, 5 (3): 180-195.PubMed
40.
Lewycka S, Mwansambo C, Rosato M, Kazembe P, Phiri T, Mganga A, Chapota H, Kainja E, Newell M-L, Greco G: Effect of women's groups and volunteer peer counselling on rates of mortality, morbidity, and health behaviours in mothers and children in rural Malawi (MaiMwana): a factorial, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013, 381 (9879): 1721-1735.PubMedCentralPubMed
41.
More NS, Bapat U, Das S, Alcock G, Patil S, Porel M, Vaidya L, Fernandez A, Joshi W, Osrin D: Community mobilization in Mumbai slums to improve perinatal care and outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2012, 9 (7): e1001257-PubMedCentralPubMed
42.
Fottrell E, Azad K, Kuddus A, Younes L, Shaha S, Nahar T, Aumon BH, Hossen M, Beard J, Hossain T: The Effect of Increased Coverage of Participatory Women's Groups on Neonatal Mortality in Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomized Trial. JAMA Pediatrics. 2013, 167 (9): 816-825.PubMed
43.
Baqui AH, El-Arifeen S, Darmstadt GL, Ahmed S, Williams EK, Seraji HR, Mannan I, Rahman SM, Shah R, Saha SK: Effect of community-based newborn-care intervention package implemented through two service-delivery strategies in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008, 371 (9628): 1936-1944.PubMed
44.
Abu Heija AT, Jallad MF, Abukteish F: Maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancies after the age of 45. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2000, 26 (1): 27-30.PubMed
45.
Astolfi P, Zonta LA: Delayed maternity and risk at delivery. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 2002, 16 (1): 67-72.PubMed
46.
Astolfi P, De Pasquale A, Zonta L: Late childbearing and its impact on adverse pregnancy outcome: stillbirth, preterm delivery and low birth weight. Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique. 2005, 53: 97-105.
47.
Bianco A, Stone J, Lynch L, Lapinski R, Berkowitz G, Berkowitz RL: Pregnancy outcome at age 40 and older. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1996, 87 (6): 917-922.
48.
Canterino JC, Ananth CV, Smulian J, Harrigan JT, Vintzileos AM: Maternal age and risk of fetal death in singleton gestations: USA, 1995-2000. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2004, 15 (3): 193-197.PubMed
49.
Cnattingius R, Cnattingius S, Notzon FC: Obstacles to reducing cesarean rates in a low-cesarean setting: the effect of maternal age, height, and weight. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1998, 92 (4): 501-506.
50.
Conde-Agudelo A, Belizan JM: Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in a large cohort of Latin American and Caribbean women. BJOG. 2000, 107 (1): 75-83.PubMed
51.
Donoso E, Villarroel L: Reproductive risk of women over 40 years old]. Revista médica de Chile. 2003, 131 (1): 55-PubMed
52.
Feldman GB: Prospective risk of stillbirth. Obstetrics and gynecology. 1992, 79 (4): 547-PubMed
53.
Feresu SA, Harlow SD, Welch K, Gillespie BW: Incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality and their associated factors among women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2005, 5 (1): 9-PubMedCentralPubMed
54.
Fretts RC, Schmittdiel J, McLean FH, Usher RH, Goldman MB: Increased maternal age and the risk of fetal death. The New England journal of medicine. 1995, 333 (15): 953-957.PubMed
55.
Fretts RC, Usher RH: Causes of fetal death in women of advanced maternal age. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1997, 89 (1): 40-45.
56.
Gadow EC, Castilla EE, Lopez Camelo J, Queenan JT: Stillbirth rate and associated risk factors among 869 750 Latin American hospital births 1982-1986. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1991, 35 (3): 209-214.
57.
Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pearce MS, Parker L: Temporal changes in the distribution of population risk factors attenuate the reduction in perinatal mortality. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2005, 58 (12): 1299-1307.PubMed
58.
Haglund B, Cnattingius S, Nordström ML: Social differences in late fetal death and infant mortality in Sweden 1985–86. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 1993, 7 (1): 33-44.PubMed
59.
Heimann F, Messerer D, Baltzer J: Pregnancy, labor and fetal outcome in females over 40 years of age]. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. 1993, 53 (6): 411-PubMed
60.
Jacobsson B, Ladfors L, Milsom I: Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2004, 104 (4): 727-
61.
Jolly M, Sebire N, Harris J, Robinson S, Regan L: The risks associated with pregnancy in women aged 35 years or older. Human Reproduction. 2000, 15 (11): 2433-PubMed
62.
Khandait DW, Ambadekar NN, Zodpey SP, Vasudeo ND: Maternal age as a risk factor for stillbirth. Indian J Public Health. 2000, 44 (1): 28-30.PubMed
63.
Kristensen J, Vestergaard M, Wisborg K, Kesmodel U, Secher NJ: Pre pregnancy weight and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2005, 112 (4): 403-408.
64.
Lammer EJ, Brown LE, Anderka MT, Guyer B: Classification and analysis of fetal deaths in Massachusetts. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1989, 261 (12): 1757-PubMed
65.
Miller DA: Is advanced maternal age an independent risk factor for uteroplacental insufficiency?. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2005, 192 (6): 1974-1980.PubMed
66.
Naeye RL: Maternal age, obstetric complications, and the outcome of pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology. 1983, 61 (2): 210-PubMed
67.
Nybo Andersen AMN, Wohlfahrt J, Christens P, Olsen J, Melbye M: Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study. BMJ. 2000, 320 (7251): 1708-PubMed
68.
Pugliese A, Vicedomini D, Arsieri R: Perinatal outcomes of newborn infants of mothers over 40 years old. A case-control study. Minerva ginecologica. 1997, 49 (3): 81-PubMed
69.
Rasmussen S, Albrechtsen S, Irgens LM, Dalaker K, Maartmann-Moe H, Vlatkovic L, Markestad T: Risk factors for unexplained antepartum fetal death in Norway 1967-1998. Early human development. 2003, 71 (1): 39-52.PubMed
70.
Raymond EG, Cnattingius S, Kiely JL: Effects of maternal age, parity, and smoking on the risk of stillbirth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1994, 101 (4): 301-306.
71.
Reddy UM, Ko CW, Willinger M: Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth throughout pregnancy in the United States. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2006, 195 (3): 764-770.PubMed
72.
Roman H, Robillard PY, Julien C, Kauffmann E, Laffitte A, Gabriele M, Marpeau L, Barau G: Pregnancy beyond age 40 in 382 women: a retrospective study in Reunion Island. Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction. 2004, 33 (7): 615-PubMed
73.
Seoud MA, Nassar AH, Usta IM, Melhem Z, Kazma A, Khalil AM: Impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcome. American journal of perinatology. 2002, 19 (1): 1-PubMed
74.
Sheiner E, Hallak M, Shoham-Vardi I, Goldstein D, Mazor M, Katz M: Determining risk factors for intrapartum fetal death. The Journal of reproductive medicine. 2000, 45 (5): 419-PubMed
75.
Tough SC, Newburn-Cook C, Johnston DW, Svenson LW, Rose S, Belik J: Delayed childbearing and its impact on population rate changes in lower birth weight, multiple birth, and preterm delivery. Pediatrics. 2002, 109 (3): 399-PubMed
76.
Viegas OAC, Leong WP, Ahmed S, Ratnam SS: Obstetrical outcome with increasing maternal age. Journal of biosocial science. 1994, 26 (02): 261-267.PubMed
77.
Ziadeh SM: Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparous women aged 35 and older. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. 2002, 54 (1): 6-10.PubMed
78.
Ferraz EM, Gray RH: A case-control study of stillbirths in northeast Brazil. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1991, 34 (1): 13-19.
79.
Little RE, Weinberg CA: Risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth. American journal of epidemiology. 1993, 137 (11): 1177-PubMed
80.
Meda N, Traore GS, Meda HA, Curtis V: La mortinatalité au Burkina Faso: facteurs de risque en milieu urbain de Bobo-Dioulasso. Ann Soc belge Mod trop. 1991, 71: 307-316.
81.
Petridou E, Kotsifakis G, Revinthi K, Polychronopoulou A, Trichopoulos D: Determinants of stillbirth mortality in Greece. Sozial-und Präventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine. 1996, 41 (2): 70-78.PubMed
82.
Smeeton NC, Rona RJ, Dobson P, Cochrane R, Wolfe C: Assessing the determinants of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths using routinely collected data in an inner city area. BMC medicine. 2004, 2 (1): 27-PubMedCentralPubMed
83.
Stephansson O, Dickman PW, Johansson A, Cnattingius S: Maternal weight, pregnancy weight gain, and the risk of antepartum stillbirth* 1. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2001, 184 (3): 463-469.PubMed
84.
Metcalfe S, Jacques A, Archibald A, Burgess T, Collins V, Henry A, McNamee K, Sheffield L, Slater H, Wake S: A model for offering carrier screening for fragile X syndrome to nonpregnant women: results from a pilot study. Genetics in Medicine. 2008, 10 (7): 525-PubMed
85.
Almutawa FJ, Cabfm JRA: Outcome of premarital counseling of hemoglobinopathy carrier couples attending premarital services in Bahrain. old and still counting our success. 2009, 217-
86.
AlHamdan NAR, AlMazrou YY, AlSwaidi FM, Choudhry AJ: Premarital screening for thalassemia and sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia. Genetics in Medicine. 2007, 9 (6): 372-PubMed
87.
Al Sulaiman A, Saeedi M, Al Suliman A, Owaidah T: Postmarital follow up survey on high risk patients subjected to premarital screening program in Saudi Arabia. Prenatal diagnosis. 2010, 30 (5): 478-481.PubMed
88.
Tamhankar PM, Agarwal S, Arya V, Kumar R, Gupta UR, Agarwal SS: Prevention of homozygous beta thalassemia by premarital screening and prenatal diagnosis in India. Prenatal diagnosis. 2009, 29 (1): 83-88.PubMed
89.
Kirke PN, Daly LE, Elwood JH: A randomised trial of low dose folic acid to prevent neural tube defects. The Irish Vitamin Study Group. British Medical Journal. 1992, 67 (12): 1442-
90.
Laurence KM, James N, Miller MH, Tennant GB, Campbell H: Double-blind randomised controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural-tube defects. British medical journal (Clinical research ed). 1981, 282 (6275): 1509-
91.
Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Lancet. 1991, 338 (760): 131-137.
92.
Suarez L, Hendricks KA, Cooper SP, Sweeney AM, Hardy RJ, Larsen RD: Neural tube defects among Mexican Americans living on the US-Mexico border: effects of folic acid and dietary folate. American journal of epidemiology. 2000, 152 (11): 1017-1023.PubMed
93.
Vergel RG, Sanchez LR, Heredero BL, Rodriguez PL, Martinez AJ: Primary prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid supplementation: Cuban experience. Prenatal diagnosis. 1990, 10 (3): 149-152.PubMed
94.
World Health Organization: Prevention of Neural Tube Defects.Standards for Maternal and Neonatal Care. 2009, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
95.
Berger J, T H, Cavalli-Sforza T, Smitasiri S, Khan NC, Milani S: Community mobilization and social marketing to promote weekly iron-folic acid supplementation in women of reproductive age in Vietnam: impact on anemia and iron status. 2005
96.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, P L, Ramos AC, Etorma UM, Cavalli-Sforza T, Milani S: Government-Industry Partnership in Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation for Women of Reproductive Age in the Philippines. 2005
97.
Khambalia AZ, O'Connor DL, Macarthur C, Dupuis A, Zlotkin SH: Periconceptional iron supplementation does not reduce anemia or improve iron status among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009, 90 (5): 1295-1302.PubMed
98.
Casey GJ, J D, Phuc TQ, Tinh TT, Tho DH: Long-term weekly iron-folic acid and de-worming is associated with stabilised haemoglobin and increasing iron stores in non-pregnant women in Vietnam. 2010
99.
Passerini L, C G, Biggs BA, Cong DT, Phu LB, Phuc TQ, Carone M, Montresor A: Increased birth weight associated with regular pre-pregnancy deworming and weekly iron-folic acid supplementation for Vietnamese women. 2012
100.
Vir SC, S N, Nigam AK, Jain R: Weekly iron and folic acid supplementation with counseling reduces anemia in adolescent girls. 2008
101.
Bhutta ZA, Chopra M, Axelson H, Berman P, Boerma T, Bryce J, Bustreo F, Cavagnero E, Cometto G, Daelmans B: Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–10): taking stock of maternal, newborn, and child survival. Lancet. 2010, 375 (9730): 2032-2044.PubMed
102.
Klerman LV, Cliver SP, Goldenberg RL: The impact of short interpregnancy intervals on pregnancy outcomes in a low-income population. American Journal of Public Health. 1998, 88 (8): 1182-PubMedCentralPubMed
103.
Shults RA, Arndt V, Olshan AF, Martin CF, Royce RA: Effects of short interpregnancy intervals on small-for-gestational age and preterm births. Epidemiology. 1999, 10 (3): 250-PubMed
104.
Cecatti JG, Correa-Silva EPB, Milanez H, Morais SS, Souza JP: The associations between inter-pregnancy interval and maternal and neonatal outcomes in Brazil. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2008, 12 (2): 275-281.PubMed
105.
Conde-Agudelo A, Belizán JM, Norton MH, Rosas-Bermúdez A: Effect of the interpregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes in Latin America. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2005, 106 (2): 359-
106.
Conde-Agudelo A, Belizan JM, Breman R, Brockman SC, Rosas-Bermudez A: Effect of the interpregnancy interval after an abortion on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2005, 89: S34-S40.
107.
Conde-Agudelo A, Rosas-Bermúdez A, Kafury-Goeta AC: Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006, 295 (15): 1809-PubMed
108.
DeFranco EA, Stamilio DM, Boslaugh SE, Gross GA, Muglia LJ: A short interpregnancy interval is a risk factor for preterm birth and its recurrence. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007, 197 (3): 264-PubMed
109.
Ekwo EE, Moawad A: The relationship of interpregnancy interval to the risk of preterm births to black and white women. International journal of epidemiology. 1998, 27 (1): 68-PubMed
110.
Ferraz EM, Gray RH, Fleming PL, Maia TM: Interpregnancy interval and low birth weight: findings from a case-control study. American journal of epidemiology. 1988, 128 (5): 1111-PubMed
111.
Fuentes-Afflick E, Hessol NA: Interpregnancy interval and the risk of premature infants. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000, 95 (3): 383-
112.
Grisaru-Granovsky S, Gordon ES, Haklai Z, Samueloff A, Schimmel MM: Effect of interpregnancy interval on adverse perinatal outcomes--a national study. Contraception. 2009, 80 (6): 512-518.PubMed
113.
Nabukera SK, Wingate MS, Kirby RS, Owen J, Swaminathan S, Alexander GR, Salihu HM: Interpregnancy interval and subsequent perinatal outcomes among women delaying initiation of childbearing. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2008, 34 (6): 941-947.PubMed
114.
Rodrigues T, Barros H: Short interpregnancy interval and risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2008, 136 (2): 184-188.
115.
Smith G, Pell JP, Dobbie R: Interpregnancy interval and risk of preterm birth and neonatal death: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2003, 327 (7410): 313-PubMedCentralPubMed
116.
Zhu BP, Rolfs RT, Nangle BE, Horan JM: Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999, 340 (8): 589-PubMed
117.
Arafa MA, Alkhouly A, Youssef ME: Influence of inter pregnancy interval on preterm delivery. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2004, 18 (4): 248-252.PubMed
118.
Lieberman E, Lang JM, Ryan KJ, Monson RR, Schoenbaum SC: The association of inter-pregnancy interval with small for gestational age births. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1989, 74 (1): 1-
119.
van Eijsden M, Smits LJM, van der Wal MF, Bonsel GJ: Association between short interpregnancy intervals and term birth weight: the role of folate depletion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008, 88 (1): 147-PubMed
120.
DaVanzo J, Hale L, Razzaque A, Rahman M: Effects of interpregnancy interval and outcome of the preceding pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in Matlab, Bangladesh. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2007, 114 (9): 1079-1087.
121.
Love ER, Bhattacharya S, Smith NC: Effect of interpregnancy interval on outcomes of pregnancy after miscarriage: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics in Scotland. British Medical Journal. 2010, 341 (aug05 2): c3967-PubMedCentralPubMed
122.
Stephansson O, Dickman PW, Cnattingius S: The influence of interpregnancy interval on the subsequent risk of stillbirth and early neonatal death. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2003, 102 (1): 101-
123.
Solo J, Billings DL, Aloo-Obunga C, Ominde A, Makumi M: Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family planning services in Kenya. 1999
124.
Ota E, Haruna M, Suzuki M, Anh DD, Tho LH, Tam NTT, Thiem VD, Anh NTH, Isozaki M, Shibuya K: Maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain and their association with perinatal outcomes in Viet Nam. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2011, 89 (2): 127-136.PubMedCentralPubMed
125.
Doherty DA, Magann EF, Francis J, Morrison JC, Newnham JP: Pre-pregnancy body mass index and pregnancy outcomes. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2006, 95 (3): 242-247.
126.
Abenhaim HA, Kinch RA, Morin L, Benjamin A, Usher R: Effect of prepregnancy body mass index categories on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2007, 275 (1): 39-43.PubMed
127.
Chen A, Klebanoff MA, Basso O: Pre-pregnancy body mass index change between pregnancies and preterm birth in the following pregnancy. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2009, 23 (3): 207-215.PubMedCentralPubMed
128.
Driul L, Cacciaguerra G, Citossi A, Martina MD, Peressini L, Marchesoni D: Prepregnancy body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008, 278 (1): 23-26.PubMed
129.
Johnson TS, Rottier KJ, Luellwitz A, Kirby RS: Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and delivery of a preterm infant in Missouri 1998–2000. Public Health Nursing. 2009, 26 (1): 3-13.PubMed
130.
Kosa JL, Guendelman S, Pearl M, Graham S, Abrams B, Kharrazi M: The Association Between Pre-pregnancy BMI and Preterm Delivery in a Diverse Southern California Population of Working Women. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2010, 1-10.
131.
Murakami M, Ohmichi M, Takahashi T, Shibata A, Fukao A, Morisaki N, Kurachi H: Prepregnancy body mass index as an important predictor of perinatal outcomes in Japanese. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2005, 271 (4): 311-315.PubMed
132.
Ronnenberg AG, Wang X, Xing H, Chen C, Chen D, Guang W, Guang A, Wang L, Ryan L, Xu X: Low preconception body mass index is associated with birth outcome in a prospective cohort of Chinese women. Journal of Nutrition. 2003, 133 (11): 3449-PubMed
133.
Salihu HM, Mbah AK, Alio AP, Clayton HB, Lynch O: Low pre-pregnancy body mass index and risk of medically indicated versus spontaneous preterm singleton birth. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2009, 144 (2): 119-123.
134.
Wise LA, Palmer JR, Heffner LJ, Rosenberg L: Prepregnancy body size, gestational weight gain, and risk of preterm birth in African-American women. Epidemiology. 2010, 21 (2): 243-PubMedCentralPubMed
135.
Chen CW, Tsai CY, Sung FC, Lee YY, Lu TH, Li CY, Ko MC: Adverse birth outcomes among pregnancies of teen mothers: age specific analysis of national data in Taiwan. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2010, 36 (2): 232-240.
136.
Gilboa SM, Correa A, Alverson CJ: Use of spline regression in an analysis of maternal prepregnancy body mass index and adverse birth outcomes: does it tell us more than we already know?. Annals of epidemiology. 2008, 18 (3): 196-205.PubMed
137.
Han YS, Ha EH, Park HS, Kim YJ, Lee SS: Relationships between pregnancy outcomes, biochemical markers and pre-pregnancy body mass index. International Journal of Obesity. 2010
138.
Nohr EA, Vaeth M, Baker JL, Sorensen TIA, Olsen J, Rasmussen KM: Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008, 87 (6): 1750-PubMed
139.
Watanabe H, Inoue K, Doi M, Matsumoto M, Ogasawara K, Fukuoka H, Nagai Y: Risk factors for term small for gestational age infants in women with low prepregnancy body mass index. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2010, 36 (3): 506-512.PubMed
140.
Frederick IO, Williams MA, Sales AE, Martin DP, Killien M: Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and other maternal characteristics in relation to infant birth weight. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2008, 12 (5): 557-567.PubMed
141.
Yekta Z, Ayatollahi H, Porali R, Farzin A: The effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes in urban care settings in Urmia-Iran. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2006, 6 (1): 15-PubMedCentralPubMed
142.
Chu SY, Bachman DJ, Callaghan WM, Whitlock EP, Dietz PM, Berg CJ, O'Keeffe-Rosetti M, Bruce FC, Hornbrook MC: Association between obesity during pregnancy and increased use of health care. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008, 358 (14): 1444-PubMed
143.
Nohr EA, Bech BH, Davies MJ, Frydenberg M, Henriksen TB, Olsen J: Prepregnancy obesity and fetal death: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Obstetrical & gynecological survey. 2005, 61 (1): 7-
144.
Dietz PM, Callaghan WM, Morrow B, Cogswell ME: Population-based assessment of the risk of primary cesarean delivery due to excess prepregnancy weight among nulliparous women delivering term infants. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2005, 9 (3): 237-244.PubMed
145.
Getahun D, Ananth CV, Peltier MR, Salihu HM, Scorza WE: Changes in prepregnancy body mass index between the first and second pregnancies and risk of large-for-gestational-age birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007, 196 (6): 530-PubMed
146.
LaCoursiere D, Bloebaum L, Duncan JD, Varner MW: Population-based trends and correlates of maternal overweight and obesity, Utah 1991-2001. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2005, 192 (3): 832-839.PubMed
147.
Fortner RT, Pekow P, Solomon CG, Markenson G, Chasan-Taber L: Prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and risk of hypertensive pregnancy among Latina women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009, 200 (2): 167-167.PubMed
148.
Samuels-Kalow ME, Funai EF, Buhimschi C, Norwitz E, Perrin M, Calderon-Margalit R, Deutsch L, Paltiel O, Friedlander Y, Manor O: Prepregnancy body mass index, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and long-term maternal mortality. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007, 197 (5): 490-PubMedCentralPubMed
149.
Leeners B, Rath W, Kuse S, Irawan C, Imthurn B, Neumaier-Wagner P: BMI: new aspects of a classical risk factor for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Clinical Science. 2006, 111: 81-86.PubMed
150.
Saftlas AF, Wang W, Risch H, Woolson R, Hsu CD, Bracken MB: Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain as risk factors for preeclampsia and transient hypertension. Annals of epidemiology. 2000, 10 (7): 475-475.PubMed
151.
Gilboa SM, Correa A, Botto LD, Rasmussen SA, Waller DK, Hobbs CA, Cleves MA, Riehle-Colarusso TJ: Association between prepregnancy body mass index and congenital heart defects. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010, 202 (1): 51-PubMed
152.
Oddy WH, De Klerk NH, Miller M, Payne J, Bower C: Association of maternal pre pregnancy weight with birth defects: Evidence from a case–control study in Western Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009, 49 (1): 11-15.PubMed
153.
Waller DK, Shaw GM, Rasmussen SA, Hobbs CA, Canfield MA, Siega-Riz AM, Gallaway MS, Correa A: Prepregnancy obesity as a risk factor for structural birth defects. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2007, 161 (8): 745-PubMed
154.
Li Z, Liu J, Ye R, Zhang L, Pei L, Zheng X, Ren A: Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and risk of neural tube defects: A population-based case-control study in Shanxi province, China. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2010
155.
Waller DK, Tita ATN, Werler MM, Mitchell AA: Association between prepregnancy maternal body mass index and the risk of having an infant with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2003, 67 (1): 73-76.
156.
Amorim Adegboye AR, Linne YM, Lourenco PMC: Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth. status and date: Edited (no change to conclusions), published in. 2007, 4:
157.
Kinnunen TI, Pasanen M, Aittasalo M, Fogelholm M, Weiderpass E, Luoto R: Reducing postpartum weight retention – a pilot trial in primary health care. Nutrition Journal. 2007, 6 (1): 21-PubMedCentralPubMed
158.
Black MM, Hager ER, Le K, Anliker J, Arteaga SS, DiClemente C, Gittelsohn J, Magder L, Papas M, Snitker S: Challenge! Health Promotion/Obesity Prevention Mentorship Model Among Urban, Black Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010, 126 (2): 280-PubMedCentralPubMed
159.
Eiben G, Lissner L: Health Hunters–an intervention to prevent overweight and obesity in young high-risk women. International journal of obesity. 2005, 30 (4): 691-696.
160.
Faucher MA, Mobley J: A Community Intervention on Portion Control Aimed at Weight Loss in Low-Income Mexican American Women. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2010, 55 (1): 60-64.
161.
Gokee LaRose J, Tate DF, Gorin AA, Wing RR: Preventing Weight Gain in Young Adults:: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. American journal of preventive medicine. 2010
162.
Ostbye T, Krause KM, Lovelady CA, Morey MC, Bastian LA, Peterson BL, Swamy GK, Brouwer RJN, McBride CM: Active Mothers Postpartum:: A Randomized Controlled Weight-Loss Intervention Trial. American journal of preventive medicine. 2009, 37 (3): 173-180.PubMedCentralPubMed
163.
Chang MW, Nitzke S, Brown R: Design and Outcomes of a Mothers In Motion Behavioral Intervention Pilot Study. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2010, 42 (3S): 11-21.
164.
Harvey-Berino J, West D, Krukowski R, Prewitt E, VanBiervliet A, Ashikaga T, Skelly J: Internet delivered behavioral obesity treatment. Preventive medicine. 2010
165.
Mediano MFF, Barbosa JSO, Moura AS, Willett WC, Sichieri R: A randomized clinical trial of home-based exercise combined with a slight caloric restriction on obesity prevention among women. Preventive medicine. 2010
166.
Rock CL, Flatt SW, Sherwood NE, Karanja N, Pakiz B, Thomson CA: Effect of a Free Prepared Meal and Incentivized Weight Loss Program on Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance in Obese and Overweight Women. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2010, 304 (16): 1803-PubMed
167.
Philliber S, Kaye J, Herrling S: The national evaluation of the Children’s Aid Society Carrera-Model Program to prevent teen pregnancy. Accord, NY: Philliber Research Associates. 2001
168.
Solomon R, Liefeld CP: Effectiveness of a family support center approach to adolescent mothers: Repeat pregnancy and school drop-out rates. Family Relations. 1998, 47 (2): 139-144.
169.
Allen JP, Philliber S, Herrling S, Kuperminc GP: Preventing teen pregnancy and academic failure: Experimental evaluation of a developmentally based approach. Child Development. 1997, 68 (4): 729-742.
170.
Schillinger J, Kissinger P, Calvet H: Patient-delivered partner treatment with azithromycin to prevent repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women: a randomized, controlled trial. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2003, 30 (1): 49-PubMed
171.
Branson BM, Peterman TA, Cannon RO, Ransom R, Zaidi AA: Group counseling to prevent sexually transmitted disease and HIV: a randomized controlled trial. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1998, 25 (10): 553-560.PubMed
172.
Boyer CB, Barrett DC, Peterman TA, Bolan G: Sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV risk in heterosexual adults attending a public STD clinic: evaluation of a randomized controlled behavioral risk-reduction intervention trial. Aids. 1997, 11 (3): 359-367.PubMed
173.
Kamb ML, Fishbein M, Douglas JM, Rhodes F, Rogers J, Bolan G, Zenilman J, Hoxworth T, Malotte CK, Iatesta M: Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 1998, 280 (13): 1161-PubMed
174.
Shain RN, Piper JM, Holden AEC, Champion JD, Perdue ST, Korte JE, Guerra FA: Prevention of gonorrhea and chlamydia through behavioral intervention: results of a two-year controlled randomized trial in minority women. Sexually transmitted diseases. 2004, 31 (7): 401-PubMed
175.
Shain RN, Piper JM, Newton ER, Perdue ST, Ramos R, Champion JD, Guerra FA: A randomized, controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent sexually transmitted disease among minority women. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999, 340 (2): 93-PubMed
176.
Bunnell R, Ekwaru JP, Solberg P, Wamai N, Bikaako-Kajura W, Were W, Coutinho A, Liechty C, Madraa E, Rutherford G: Changes in sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission after antiretroviral therapy and prevention interventions in rural Uganda. Aids. 2006, 20 (1): 85-PubMed
177.
Matthews LT, Baeten JM, Celum C, Bangsberg DR: Periconception pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmission: benefits, risks, and challenges to implementation. AIDS. 2010, 24 (13): 1975-PubMedCentralPubMed
178.
Peterson L, Taylor D, Roddy R, Belai G, Phillips P, Nanda K, Grant R, Clarke EEK, Doh AS, Ridzon R: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of HIV infection in women: a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Hub for Clinical Trials. 2007, 2 (5): e27-
179.
Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A: Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Medicine. 2005, 2 (11): 1112-
180.
Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, Williams CFM, Campbell RT, Ndinya-Achola JO: Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2007, 369 (9562): 643-656.
181.
Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Makumbi F, Watya S, Nalugoda F, Kiwanuka N, Moulton LH, Chaudhary MA, Chen MZ: Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. The Lancet. 2007, 369 (9562): 657-666.
182.
Wawer MJ, Makumbi F, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Watya S, Nalugoda F, Buwembo D, Ssempijja V, Kiwanuka N, Moulton LH: Circumcision in HIV-infected men and its effect on HIV transmission to female partners in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2009, 374 (9685): 229-237.
183.
Weiss HA, Quigley MA, Hayes RJ: Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aids. 2000, 14 (15): 2361-PubMed
184.
Karim SA, Coletti A, Richardson B, Ramjee G, Hoffman I, Chirenje M, Taha T, Kapina M, Maslankowski L, Soto-Torres L: Safety and effectiveness of vaginal microbicides BufferGel and 0.5% PRO 2000/5 gel for the prevention of HIV infection in women: results of the HPTN 035 trial. : 2009. 2009, 8-11.
185.
Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, Grobler AC, Baxter C, Mansoor LE, Kharsany A, Sibeko S, Mlisana KP, Omar Z: Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science. 2010, 329 (5996): 1168-PubMedCentralPubMed
186.
McCormack S, Ramjee G, Kamali A, Rees H, Crook AM, Gafos M, Jentsch U, Pool R, Chisembele M, Kapiga S: PRO2000 vaginal gel for prevention of HIV-1 infection (Microbicides Development Programme 301): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial. The Lancet. 2010, 376 (9749): 1329-1337.
187.
Skoler-Karpoff S, Ramjee G, Ahmed K, Altini L, Plagianos MG, Friedland B, Govender S, De Kock A, Cassim N, Palanee T: Efficacy of Carraguard for prevention of HIV infection in women in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2008, 372 (9654): 1977-1987.
188.
Ahmed S, Lutalo T, Wawer M, Serwadda D, Sewankambo NK, Nalugoda F, Makumbi F, Wabwire-Mangen F, Kiwanuka N, Kigozi G: HIV incidence and sexually transmitted disease prevalence associated with condom use: a population study in Rakai, Uganda. Aids. 2001, 15 (16): 2171-PubMed
189.
Davis KR, Weller SC: The effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. Family Planning Perspectives. 1999, 31 (6): 272-279.PubMed
190.
Pinkerton SD, Abramson PR: Effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV transmission. Social Science & Medicine. 1997, 44 (9): 1303-1312.
191.
Weller S, Davis K: Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002, 1: 1-22.
192.
Padian NS, van der Straten A, Ramjee G, Chipato T, de Bruyn G, Blanchard K, Shiboski S, Montgomery ET, Fancher H, Cheng H: Diaphragm and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV acquisition in southern African women: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2007, 370 (9583): 251-261.
193.
Coates TJ: Efficacy of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and testing in individuals and couples in Kenya, Tanzania, and Trinidad: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000, 356 (9224): 103-112.
194.
Denison JA, O’Reilly KR, Schmid GP, Kennedy CE, Sweat MD: HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: a meta-analysis, 1990–2005. AIDS and Behavior. 2008, 12 (3): 363-373.PubMed
195.
Vidanapathirana J, Abramson MJ, Forbes A, Fairley C: Mass media interventions for promoting HIV testing. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2005, CD004775-3
196.
Celum C, Wald A, Lingappa JR, Magaret AS, Wang RS, Mugo N, Mujugira A, Baeten JM, Mullins JI, Hughes JP: Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2. New England journal of medicine. 2010, 362 (5): 427-439.PubMedCentralPubMed
197.
Grosskurth H, Todd J, Mwijarubi E, Mayaud P, Nicoll A: Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 1995, 346 (8974): 530-536.
198.
Kamali A, Quigley M, Nakiyingi J, Kinsman J, Kengeya-Kayondo J, Gopal R, Ojwiya A, Hughes P, Carpenter LM, Whitworth J: Syndromic management of sexually-transmitted infections and behaviour change interventions on transmission of HIV-1 in rural Uganda: a community randomised trial. The Lancet. 2003, 361 (9358): 645-652.
199.
Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, Quinn TC, Paxton LA, Kiwanuka N, Wabwire-Mangen F, Li C, Lutalo T, Nalugoda F: Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial. The Lancet. 1999, 353 (9152): 525-535.
200.
Goldfarb E, Donnelly J, Duncan DF, Young M, Eadie C, Castiglia D: Evaluation of an abstinence-based curriculum for early adolescents: First year changes in sex attitudes, knowledge, and behavior. North American Journal of Psychology. 1999, 1: 243-254.
201.
Jemmott JB, Sweet Jemmott L, Fong GT: Abstinence and safer sex HIV risk-reduction interventions for African American adolescents. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998, 279 (19): 1529-PubMed
202.
Trenholm C, Devaney B, Fortson K, Quay L, Wheeler J, Clark M: Impacts of four Title V, Section 510 abstinence education programs. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. 2007
203.
Boekeloo BO, Schamus LA, Simmens SJ, Cheng TL, O'Connor K, D'Angelo LJ: A STD/HIV prevention trial among adolescents in managed care. Pediatrics. 1999, 103 (1): 107-PubMed
204.
DiIorio C, Resnicow K, McCarty F, De AK, Dudley WN, Wang DT, Denzmore P: Keepin'it REAL!: Results of a mother-adolescent HIV prevention program. Nursing research. 2006, 55 (1): 43-PubMed
205.
Kirby D, Korpi M, Barth RP, Cagampang HH: The impact of the Postponing Sexual Involvement curriculum among youths in California. Family Planning Perspectives. 1997, 29 (3): 100-108.PubMed
206.
Sikkema KJ, Anderson ES, Kelly JA, Winett RA, Gore-Felton C, Roffman RA, Heckman TG, Graves K, Hoffmann RG, Brondino MJ: Outcomes of a randomized, controlled community-level HIV prevention intervention for adolescents in low-income housing developments. Aids. 2005, 19 (14): 1509-PubMed
207.
Stanton BF, Xiaoming LI, Ricardo I, Galbraith J, Feigelman S, Kaljee L: A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of an AIDS prevention program for low-income African-American youths. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 1996, 150 (4): 363-372.
208.
Stanton B, Harris C, Cottrell L, Li X, Gibson C, Guo J, Pack R, Galbraith J, Pendleton S, Wu Y: Trial of an urban adolescent sexual risk-reduction intervention for rural youth: a promising but imperfect fit. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2006, 38 (1): 55-e25-55. e36PubMed
209.
Weeks K, Levy SR, Gordon AK, Handler A, Perhats C, Flay BR: Does parental involvement make a difference? The impact of parent interactive activities on students in a school-based AIDS prevention program. AIDS education and prevention. 1997, 9 (1): 90-106.PubMed
210.
Wu Y, Stanton BF, Galbraith J, Kaljee L, Cottrell L, Li X, Harris CV, D'Alessandri D, Burns JM: Sustaining and broadening intervention impact: a longitudinal randomized trial of 3 adolescent risk reduction approaches. Pediatrics. 2003, 111 (1): e32-PubMed
211.
Crepaz N, Horn AK, Rama SM, Griffin T, Deluca JB, Mullins MM, Aral SO: The efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing HIV risk sex behaviors and incident sexually transmitted disease in black and Hispanic sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in the United States: A meta-analytic review. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2007, 34 (6): 319-PubMed
212.
Crepaz N, Marks G, Liau A, Mullins MM, Aupont LW, Marshall KJ, Jacobs ED, Wolitski RJ: Prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse among HIV-diagnosed MSM in the United States: a meta-analysis. Aids. 2009, 23 (13): 1617-PubMed
213.
Darbes L, Crepaz N, Lyles C, Kennedy G, Rutherford G: The efficacy of behavioral interventions in reducing HIV risk behaviors and incident sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual African Americans. Aids. 2008, 22 (10): 1177-PubMedCentralPubMed
214.
Gowing L, Farrell M, Bornemann R, Sullivan LE, Ali R: Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection (Review). 2008
215.
Huedo-Medina TB, Boynton MH, Warren MR, LaCroix JM, Carey MP, Johnson BT: Efficacy of HIV prevention interventions in Latin American and Caribbean Nations, 1995–2008: a meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior. 2010, 1-15.
216.
Johnson BT, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Smoak ND, LaCroix JM, Anderson JR, Carey MP: Behavioral Interventions for African-Americans to Reduce Sexual Risk of HIV: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2009, 51 (4): 492-
217.
Kennedy CE, Medley AM, Sweat MD, O'Reilly KR: Behavioural interventions for HIV positive prevention in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2010, 88 (8): 615-623.PubMedCentralPubMed
218.
MacNeil JM, Mberesero F, Kilonzo G: Is care and support associated with preventive behaviour among people with HIV?. AIDS care. 1999, 11 (5): 537-546.PubMed
219.
Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS: Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. Aids. 2006, 20 (10): 1447-PubMed
220.
Neumann MS, Johnson WD, Semaan S, Flores SA, Peersman G, Hedges LV, Sogolow E: Review and meta-analysis of HIV prevention intervention research for heterosexual adult populations in the United States. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2002, 30: S106-PubMed
221.
Noar SM: Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV-related sexual risk behavior: Review and synthesis of meta-analytic evidence. AIDS and Behavior. 2008, 12 (3): 335-353.PubMed
222.
Semaan S, Des Jarlais DC, Sogolow E, Johnson WD, Hedges LV, Ramirez G, Flores SA, Norman L, Sweat MD, Needle R: A meta-analysis of the effect of HIV prevention interventions on the sex behaviors of drug users in the United States. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2002, 30: S73-PubMed
223.
Semaan S, Kay L, Strouse D, Sogolow E, Mullen PD, Neumann MS, Flores SA, Peersman G, Johnson WD, Lipman PD: A profile of US-based trials of behavioral and social interventions for HIV risk reduction. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2002, 30: S30-PubMed
224.
Wegbreit J, Bertozzi S, DeMaria LM, Padian NS: Effectiveness of HIV prevention strategies in resource-poor countries: tailoring the intervention to the context. Aids. 2006, 20 (9): 1217-PubMed
225.
Copenhaver MM, Johnson BT, Lee I: Behavioral HIV risk reduction among people who inject drugs: meta-analytic evidence of efficacy. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2006, 31 (2): 163-171.PubMedCentralPubMed
226.
Ksobiech K: A meta-analysis of needle sharing, lending, and borrowing behaviors of needle exchange program attenders. AIDS education and prevention. 2003, 15 (3): 257-268.PubMed
227.
Lyles D, Tien JH, McCobb DP, Zeeman ML: Pituitary Network Connectivity as a Mechanism for the Luteinising Hormone Surge. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2010, 22 (12): 1267-1278.PubMed
228.
Meader N, Li R, Des Jarlais DC, Pilling S: Psychosocial interventions for reducing injection and sexual risk behaviour for preventing HIV in drug users. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2010, CD007192-1
229.
Boulot P, Chabbert-Buffet N, d'Ercole C, Floriot M, Fontaine P, Fournier A, Gillet JY, Gin H, Grandperret-Vauthier S, Geudj AM: French multicentric survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003, 26 (11): 2990-PubMed
230.
Damm P, Molsted-Pedersen L: Significant decrease in congenital malformations in newborn infants of an unselected population of diabetic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989, 161 (5): 1163-1167.PubMed
231.
Pregnancy outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996, 174 (4): 1343-1353.
232.
Dicker D, Feldberg D, Samuel N, Yeshaya A, Karp M, Goldman JA: Spontaneous abortion in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the effect of preconceptional diabetic control. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988, 158 (5): 1161-1164.PubMed
233.
Fuhrmann K, Reiher H, Semmler K, Fischer F, Fischer M, Glockner E: Prevention of congenital malformations in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. Diabetes Care. 1983, 6 (3): 219-223.PubMed
234.
FUHRMAN K, REIHER li, SEMMLER K, E G: The Effect of Intensified Conventional Insulin Therapy before and during Pregnancy on the Malformation Rate in Offspring of Diabetic.Mothers. Clin Endocrinol. 1984, 83 (2): 5-
235.
Galindo A, Garcia Burguillo A, Azriel S, De La Fuente P, Artal R: Outcome of fetuses in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of perinatal medicine. 2006, 34 (4): 323-332.PubMed
236.
Garcia-Patterson A, Corcoy R, Rigla M, Caballero A, Adelantado JM, Altirriba O, de Leiva A: Does preconceptional counselling in diabetic women influence perinatal outcome?. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1997, 33 (3): 333-336.PubMed
237.
Goldman JA, Dicker D, Feldberg D, Yeshaya A, Samuel N, Karp M: Pregnancy outcome in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with preconceptional diabetic control: a comparative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986, 155 (2): 293-297.PubMed
238.
Jaffiol C, Baccara MT, Renard E, Apostol DJ, Lefebvre P, Boulot P, Daures JP, Bringer J: [Evaluation of the benefits brought by pregnancy planning in type 1 diabetes mellitus]. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2000, 184 (5): 995-1007. discussion 1007-1008PubMed
239.
Kitzmiller JL, Gavin LA, Gin GD, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Main EK, Zigrang WD: Preconception care of diabetes. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1991, 265 (6): 731-PubMed
240.
McElvy SS, Miodovnik M, Rosenn B, Khoury JC, Siddiqi T, Dignan PSJ, Tsang RC: A focused preconceptional and early pregnancy program in women with type 1 diabetes reduces perinatal mortality and malformation rates to general population levels. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2000, 9 (1): 14-20.
241.
Mills JL, Knopp RH, Simpson JL, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Metzger BE, Holmes LB, Aarons JH, Brown Z, Reed GF, Bieber FR: Lack of relation of increased malformation rates in infants of diabetic mothers to glycemic control during organogenesis. N Engl J Med. 1988, 318 (11): 671-676.PubMed
242.
Rosenn B, Miodovnik M, Combs CA, Khoury J, Siddiqi TA: Pre-conception management of insulin-dependent diabetes: improvement of pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 1991, 77 (6): 846-849.PubMed
243.
Rowe BR, Rowbotham CJ, Barnett AH: Pre-conception counselling, birth weight, and congenital abnormalities in established and gestational diabetic pregnancy. Diabetes research (Edinburgh, Scotland). 1987, 6 (1): 33-
244.
Steel JM, Johnstone FD, Hepburn DA, Smith AF: Can prepregnancy care of diabetic women reduce the risk of abnormal babies?. British Medical Journal. 1990, 301 (6760): 1070-PubMedCentralPubMed
245.
Temple RC, Aldridge VJ, Murphy HR: Prepregnancy care and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006
246.
Willhoite MB, Bennert HW, Palomaki GE, Zaremba MM, Herman WH, Williams JR, Spear NH: The impact of preconception counseling on pregnancy outcomes. The experience of the Maine Diabetes in Pregnancy Program. Diabetes Care. 1993, 16 (2): 450-455.PubMed
247.
Dunne FP, Brydon P, Smith T, Essex M, Nicholson H, Dunn J: Pre-conception diabetes care in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Qjm. 1999, 92 (3): 175-PubMed
248.
Garcia Ingelmo MT, Herranz de la Morena L, Martin Vaquero P, Janez Furio M, Grande Aragon C, Pallardo Sanchez LF: [Preconceptional control in diabetic women]. Rev Clin Esp. 1998, 198 (2): 80-84.PubMed
249.
Jensen BM, Kuhl C, Molsted-Pedersen L, Saurbrey N, Fog-Pedersen J: Preconceptional treatment with insulin infusion pumps in insulin-dependent diabetic women with particular reference to prevention of congenital malformations. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1986, 277: 81-85.
250.
Murphy LE, Gollenberg AL, Louis GMB, Kostyniak PJ, Sundaram R: Maternal serum preconception polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and infant birth weight. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2010, 118 (2): 297-PubMedCentralPubMed
251.
Heller S, Damm P, Mersebach H, Skjøth TV, Kaaja R, Hod M, Durán-García S, McCance D, Mathiesen ER: Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010, 33 (3): 473-PubMedCentralPubMed
252.
Betts T, Fox C: Proactive pre-conception counselling for women with epilepsy--is it effective?. Seizure. 1999, 8 (6): 322-327.PubMed
253.
Koch R, Hanley W, Levy H, Matalon R, Rouse B, Cruz FD, Azen C, Friedman EG: A preliminary report of the collaborative study of maternal phenylketonuria in the United States and Canada. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 1990, 13 (4): 641-650.PubMed
254.
Maillot F, Lilburn M, Baudin J, Morley DW, Lee PJ: Factors influencing outcomes in the offspring of mothers with phenylketonuria during pregnancy: the importance of variation in maternal blood phenylalanine. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008, 88 (3): 700-PubMed
255.
Germain S, Nelson-Piercy C: Lupus nephritis and renal disease in pregnancy. Lupus. 2006, 15 (3): 148-PubMed
256.
Rouse B, Azen C: Effect of high maternal blood phenylalanine on offspring congenital anomalies and developmental outcome at ages 4 and 6 years: the importance of strict dietary control preconception and throughout pregnancy. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2004, 144 (2): 235-239.PubMed
257.
Güttler F, Lou H, Andresen J, Kok K, Mikkelsen I, Nielsen KB, Nielsen JB: Cognitive development in offspring of untreated and preconceptionally treated maternal phenylketonuria. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 1990, 13 (4): 665-671.PubMed
258.
Drogari E, Beasley M, Smith I, Lloyd JK: TIMING OF STRICT DIET IN RELATION TO FETAL DAMAGE IN MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA* 1:: An International Collaborative Study by the MRC/DHSS Phenylketonuria Register. The Lancet. 1987, 330 (8565): 927-930.
259.
Smith I, Glossop J, Beasley M: Fetal damage due to maternal phenylketonuria: effects of dietary treatment and maternal phenylalanine concentrations around the time of conception. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 1990, 13 (4): 651-657.PubMed
260.
Carmona F, Font J, Cervera R, Muñoz F, Cararach V, Balasch J: Obstetrical outcome of pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A study of 60 cases. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1999, 83 (2): 137-142.
261.
Carmona F, Font J, Moga I, Làzaro I, Cervera R, Pac V, Balasch J: Class III–IV proliferative lupus nephritis and pregnancy: a study of 42 cases. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2005, 53 (4): 182-188.PubMed
262.
Chandran V, Aggarwal A, Misra R: Active disease during pregnancy is associated with poor foetal outcome in Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology international. 2005, 26 (2): 152-156.PubMed
263.
Imbasciati E, Tincani A, Gregorini G, Doria A, Moroni G, Cabiddu G, Marcelli D: Pregnancy in women with pre-existing lupus nephritis: predictors of fetal and maternal outcome. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2009, 24 (2): 519-
264.
Podjanee Phadungkiatwattana P, Sirivatanapa P, Tongsong T: Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). JOURNAL-MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF THAILAND. 2007, 90 (10): 1981-
265.
Tiet QQ, Mausbach B: Treatments for patients with dual diagnosis: a review. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2007, 31 (4): 513-536.
266.
Krishnan V, Bryant HU, MacDougald OA: Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2006, 116 (5): 1202-PubMedCentralPubMed
267.
McFarlane J, Parker B, Soeken K: Abuse during pregnancy: frequency, severity, perpetrator, and risk factors of homicide. Public Health Nurs. 1995, 12 (5): 284-289.PubMed
268.
Rodríguez M, Valentine JM, Son JB, Muhammad M: Intimate partner violence and barriers to mental health care for ethnically diverse populations of women. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2009, 10 (4): 358-
269.
Forte T, Cohen MM, Du Mont J, Hyman I, Romans S: Psychological and physical sequelae of intimate partner violence among women with limitations in their activities of daily living. Archives of women's mental health. 2005, 8 (4): 248-256.PubMed
270.
Seth P, Raiford JL, Robinson LSS, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ: Intimate partner violence and other partner-related factors: correlates of sexually transmissible infections and risky sexual behaviours among young adult African American women. Sexual health. 2010, 7 (1): 25-30.PubMed
271.
Salam MA, Alim MA, Noguchi T: Spousal abuse against women and its consequences on reproductive health: a study in the urban slums in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2006, 10 (1): 83-94.PubMed
272.
Jewkes RK, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Shai N: Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. The Lancet. 2010, 376 (9734): 41-48.
273.
Macy RJ, Martin SL, Kupper LL, Casanueva C, Guo S: Partner Violence Among Women Before, During, and After Pregnancy:: Multiple Opportunities for Intervention. Women's Health Issues. 2007, 17 (5): 290-299.PubMed
274.
Ellsberg M, Jansen HAFM, Heise L, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C: Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study. The Lancet. 2008, 371 (9619): 1165-1172.
275.
McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, Dill L, Schroeder AF, DeChant HK, Ryden J, Bass EB, Derogatis LR: The “battering syndrome”: prevalence and clinical characteristics of domestic violence in primary care internal medicine practices. Annals of internal medicine. 1995, 123 (10): 737-PubMed
276.
Stephenson R, Koenig MA, Ahmed S: Domestic violence and symptoms of gynecologic morbidity among women in North India. International Family Planning Perspectives. 2006, 32 (4): 201-208.PubMed
277.
Saltzman LE, Johnson CH, Gilbert BC, Goodwin MM: Physical abuse around the time of pregnancy: an examination of prevalence and risk factors in 16 states. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2003, 7 (1): 31-43.PubMed
278.
Raj A, Liu R, McCleary-Sills J, Silverman JG: South Asian victims of intimate partner violence more likely than non-victims to report sexual health concerns. Journal of Immigrant Health. 2005, 7 (2): 85-91.PubMed
279.
Wupperman P, Amble P, Devine S, Zonana H, Fals-Stewart W, Easton C: Violence and Substance Use Among Female Partners of Men in Treatment for Intimate-Partner Violence. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. 2009, 37 (1): 75-
280.
Decker MR, Seage GR, Hemenway D, Gupta J, Raj A, Silverman JG: Intimate partner violence perpetration, standard and gendered STI/HIV risk behaviour, and STI/HIV diagnosis among a clinic-based sample of men. Sexually transmitted infections. 2009, 85 (7): 555-PubMedCentralPubMed
281.
Bauer HM, Gibson P, Hernandez M, Kent C, Klausner J, Bolan G: Intimate partner violence and high-risk sexual behaviors among female patients with sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases. 2002, 29 (7): 411-PubMed
282.
Gómez AM, Speizer IS, Beauvais H: Sexual violence and reproductive health among youth in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009, 44 (5): 508-510.PubMedCentralPubMed
283.
Smedslund G, Dalsbø TK, Steiro AK, Winsvold A, Clench-Aas J: Cognitive behavioural therapy for men who physically abuse their female partner (Review). 2011
284.
Decker MR, Miller E, Kapur NA, Gupta J, Raj A, Silverman JG: Intimate partner violence and sexually transmitted disease symptoms in a national sample of married Bangladeshi women. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2008, 100 (1): 18-23.
285.
Hedin LW, Janson PO: Domestic violence during pregnancy. The prevalence of physical injuries, substance use, abortions and miscarriages. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2000, 79 (8): 625-630.PubMed
286.
McFarlane J, Malecha A, Watson K, Gist J, Batten E, Hall I, Smith S: Intimate partner sexual assault against women: frequency, health consequences, and treatment outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2005, 105 (1): 99-
287.
Glander SS, Moore ML, Michielutte R, Parsons LH: The prevalence of domestic violence among women seeking abortion. Obstet Gynecol. 1998, 91 (6): 1002-1006.PubMed
288.
Bonomi AE, Thompson RS, Anderson M, Reid RJ, Carrell D, Dimer JA, Rivara FP: Intimate partner violence and women's physical, mental, and social functioning. Am J Prev Med. 2006, 30 (6): 458-466.PubMed
289.
Beydoun HA, Al-Sahab B, Beydoun MA, Tamim H: Intimate Partner Violence as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression Among Canadian Women in the Maternity Experience Survey. Annals of epidemiology. 2010, 20 (8): 575-583.PubMedCentralPubMed
290.
Hurwitz EJH, Gupta J, Liu R, Silverman JG, Raj A: Intimate partner violence associated with poor health outcomes in US South Asian women. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2006, 8 (3): 251-261.PubMed
291.
Janssen PA, Holt VL, Sugg NK, Emanuel I, Critchlow CM, Henderson AD: Intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003, 188 (5): 1341-1347.PubMed
292.
Stein MB, Kennedy C: Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001, 66 (2-3): 133-138.PubMed
293.
Hegarty K, Gunn J, Chondros P, Small R: Association between depression and abuse by partners of women attending general practice: descriptive, cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal. 2004, 328 (7440): 621-PubMedCentralPubMed
294.
Modie-Moroka T: Intimate Partner Violence and Sexually Risky Behavior in Botswana: Implications for HIV Prevention. Health Care for Women International. 2009, 30 (3): 230-231.PubMed
295.
Pallitto CC, O'Campo P: The Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Unintended Pregnancy: Analysis of a National Sample from Colombia. International Family Planning Perspectives. 2004, 30 (4): 165-174.PubMed
296.
Clark CJ, Silverman J, Khalaf IA, Ra'ad BA, Al Sha'ar ZA, Al Ata AA, Batieha A: Intimate partner violence and interference with women's efforts to avoid pregnancy in Jordan. Studies in Family Planning. 2008, 39 (2): 123-132.PubMed
297.
Naimi TS, Lipscomb LE, Brewer RD, Gilbert BC: Binge drinking in the preconception period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: implications for women and their children. Pediatrics. 2003, 111 (5): 1136-PubMed
298.
Martin SL, Kilgallen B, Tsui AO, Maitra K, Singh KK, Kupper LL: Sexual behaviors and reproductive health outcomes. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999, 282 (20): 1967-PubMed
299.
Coker AL, Sanderson M, Dong B: Partner violence during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2004, 18 (4): 260-269.PubMed
300.
Alio AP, Daley EM, Nana PN, Duan J, Salihu HM: Intimate partner violence and contraception use among women in Sub-Saharan Africa. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009, 107 (1): 35-
301.
Silverman JG, Decker MR, Reed E, Raj A: Intimate partner violence victimization prior to and during pregnancy among women residing in 26 US states: associations with maternal and neonatal health. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2006, 195 (1): 140-148.PubMed
302.
Ruiz-Pérez I, Plazaola-Castaño J, del Río-Lozano M: Physical health consequences of intimate partner violence in Spanish women. The European Journal of Public Health. 2007, 17 (5): 437-PubMed
303.
Plichta SB, Falik M: Prevalence of violence and its implications for women's health. Women's Health Issues. 2001, 11 (3): 244-258.PubMed
304.
Ishida K, Stupp P, Melian M, Serbanescu F, Goodwin M: Exploring the associations between intimate partner violence and women's mental health: Evidence from a population-based study in Paraguay. Social Science & Medicine. 2010
305.
Martin SL, Rentz ED, Chan RL, Givens J, Sanford CP, Kupper LL, Garrettson M, Macy RJ: Physical and Sexual Violence Among North Carolina Women:: Associations with Physical Health, Mental Health, and Functional Impairment. Women's Health Issues. 2008, 18 (2): 130-140.PubMed
306.
Coker AL, Smith PH, Bethea L, King MR, McKeown RE: Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of family medicine. 2000, 9 (5): 451-PubMed
307.
Ellsberg M, Caldera T, Herrera A, Winkvist A, Kullgren G: Domestic violence and emotional distress among Nicaraguan women: Results from a population-based study. American Psychologist. 1999, 54 (1): 30-
308.
Åsling Monemi K, Tabassum Naved R, Persson LÅ: Violence against women and the risk of under five mortality: analysis of community based data from rural Bangladesh. Acta Paediatrica. 2008, 97 (2): 226-232.PubMed
309.
Raj A, Santana MC, La Marche A, Amaro H, Cranston K, Silverman JG: Perpetration of intimate partner violence associated with sexual risk behaviors among young adult men. American journal of public health. 2006, 96 (10): 1873-PubMedCentralPubMed
310.
Dude A: Intimate partner violence and increased lifetime risk of sexually transmitted infection among women in Ukraine. Studies in Family Planning. 2007, 38 (2): 89-100.PubMed
311.
Fanslow J, Whitehead A, Silva M, Robinson E: Contraceptive use and associations with intimate partner violence among a population based sample of New Zealand women. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2008, 48 (1): 83-89.PubMed
312.
Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Levin J, Jama N, Khuzwayo N, Koss MP, Duvvury N: Perpetration of partner violence and HIV risk behaviour among young men in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. Aids. 2006, 20 (16): 2107-PubMed
313.
Grisso JA, Schwarz DF, Hirschinger N, Sammel M, Brensinger C, Santanna J, Lowe RA, Anderson E, Shaw LM, Bethel CA: Violent injuries among women in an urban area. New England journal of medicine. 1999, 341 (25): 1899-1905.PubMed
314.
Chang JC, Cluss PA, Ranieri L, Hawker L, Buranosky R, Dado D, McNeil M, Scholle SH: Health care interventions for intimate partner violence: what women want. Women's health issues: official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. 2005, 15 (1): 21-
315.
Riddell T, Ford-Gilboe M, Leipert B: Strategies Used by Rural Women to Stop, Avoid, or Escape From Intimate Partner Violence. Health Care for Women International. 2009, 30 (1): 134-159.PubMed
316.
Scott MC, Easton CJ: Racial differences in treatment effect among men in a substance abuse and domestic violence program. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010, 36 (6): 357-362.PubMedCentralPubMed
317.
Hirani SS, Karmaliani R, McFarlane J, Asad N, Madhani F: testing a community derived intervention to promote women’s health: preliminary results of a 3-arm randomized controlled trial in Karachi, Pakistan. 2010
318.
Babcock JC, Green CE, Robie C: Does batterers' treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004, 23 (8): 1023-1053.PubMed
319.
O'Leary KD, Heyman RE, Neidig PH: Treatment of wife abuse: A comparison of gender-specific and conjoint approaches. Behavior Therapy. 1999, 30 (3): 475-505.
320.
Markman HJ, Renick MJ, Floyd FJ, Stanley SM, Clements M: Preventing marital distress through communication and conflict management training: A 4-and 5-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993, 61 (1): 70-PubMed
321.
Simpson LE, Atkins DC, Gattis KS, Christensen A: Low-level relationship aggression and couple therapy outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology. 2008, 22 (1): 102-PubMed
322.
Stith SM, Rosen H, McCollum EE, Thomsen CJ: treating intimate partner violence within intact couple relationships: outcomes of multi couple versus individual couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2004, 30 (3): 305-318.PubMed
323.
Labriola M, Rempel M, Davis RC: Testing the effectiveness of batterer programs and judicial monitoring. Final report (National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC). 2005
324.
Davis RC, Taylor BG, Maxwell CD, Victim Services R: Does Batterer Treatment Reduce Violence? A Randomized Experiment in Brooklyn-Executive Summary Included. 2000
325.
Feder L, Forde DR: Test of the efficacy of court Mandated counseling for domestic violence offenders: The Broward Experiment, Executive Summary. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. 2000
326.
Dunford FW: The San Diego Navy Experiment: An assessment of interventions for men who assault their wives. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000, 68 (3): 468-PubMed
327.
Saunders DG: Feminist-cognitive-behavioral and process-psychodynamic treatments for men who batter: Interaction of abuser traits and treatment models. Violence and victims. 1996, 11 (4): 393-414.PubMed
328.
Rychtarik RG, McGillicuddy NB: Coping skills training and 12-step facilitation for women whose partner has alcoholism: effects on depression, the partner's drinking, and partner physical violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2005, 73 (2): 249-PubMed
329.
Ray JG, O'Brien TE, Chan WS: Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: a meta analysis. QJM. 2001, 94 (8): 435-PubMed
330.
Wahabi HA, Alzeidan RA, Bawazeer GA, Alansari LA, Esmaeil SA: Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and fetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2010, 10 (1): 63-PubMedCentralPubMed
331.
Gavin AR, Chae DH, Mustillo S, Kiefe CI: Prepregnancy depressive mood and preterm birth in black and white women: Findings from the CARDIA study. Journal of Women's Health. 2009, 18 (6): 803-PubMedCentralPubMed
332.
Jonsson U, Bohman H, Hjern A, von Knorring L, Paaren A, Olsson G, von Knorring AL: Intimate relationships and childbearing after adolescent depression: a population-based 15 year follow-up study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2010, 1-11.
333.
Silverman ME, Loudon H: Antenatal reports of pre-pregnancy abuse is associated with symptoms of depression in the postpartum period. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010, 1-5.
334.
Harlow BL, Vitonis AF, Sparen P, Cnattingius S, Joffe H, Hultman CM: Incidence of hospitalization for postpartum psychotic and bipolar episodes in women with and without prior prepregnancy or prenatal psychiatric hospitalizations. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2007, 64 (1): 42-PubMed
335.
Goodwin MM, Gazmararian JA, Johnson CH, Gilbert BC, Saltzman LE: Pregnancy intendedness and physical abuse around the time of pregnancy: findings from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 1996-1997. PRAMS Working Group. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Matern Child Health J. 2000, 4 (2): 85-92.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Preconception care: delivery strategies and packages for care
Authors
Zohra S Lassi
Sohni V Dean
Dania Mallick
Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Reproductive Health / Issue Special Issue 3/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1742-4755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-S3-S7

Other articles of this Special Issue 3/2014

Reproductive Health 3/2014 Go to the issue

Review

Preconception care: nutritional risks and interventions

Review

Preconception care: screening and management of chronic disease and promoting psychological health

Review

Preconception care: caffeine, smoking, alcohol, drugs and other environmental chemical/radiation exposure

Review

Preconception care: preventing and treating infections

Review

Preconception care: closing the gap in the continuum of care to accelerate improvements in maternal, newborn and child health

Review

Preconception care: advancing from ‘important to do and can be done’ to ‘is being done and is making a difference’