Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Practice recommendations and referrals, perceptions of efficacy and risk, and self-rated knowledge regarding complementary medicine: a survey of Australian psychologists

Authors: Carrie Thomson-Casey, Erica McIntyre, Kris Rogers, Jon Adams

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Many people with mental health problems use a range of complementary medicine (CM), including over the counter products, practices, and utilise the services of CM practitioners. Psychologists are likely to consult with clients using CM, in some form, as part of their broader mental health care. The aim of this research was to determine the number of types of CM products, practices, and practitioners are recommended and/or referred by Australian psychologists as part of their clinical practice, as well as explore the relationship between psychologists’ perspectives on the risk and relevance of engaging with CM in psychology.

Methods

Survey data was collected from psychologists in clinical practice who self-selected to participate in the study via an online 79-item questionnaire exploring core aspects of CM engagement in psychology clinical practice.

Results

Amongst the 201 psychologists, 5% reported not recommending any type of CM, with 63% recommending four or more types of CM. Further, 25% had not referred to a CM practitioner, while 33% had referred to four or more types of CM practitioner. Psychologists are recommending and referring to CM even when they perceive their knowledge of CM to be poor, and that engaging with CM was a risk.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into psychologist perceptions of CM within psychology practice and how these perceptions are associated with rates of recommending and referring to CM as part of their clinical practice. These findings may inform the development of CM relevant education and guidelines for psychologists.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Abbott RB, Hui KK, Hays RD, Mandel J, Goldstein M, Winegarden B, Glaser D, Brunton L. Medical Student Attitudes toward Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2011;2011:985243. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep195. Abbott RB, Hui KK, Hays RD, Mandel J, Goldstein M, Winegarden B, Glaser D, Brunton L. Medical Student Attitudes toward Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2011;2011:985243. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​ecam/​nep195.
2.
go back to reference Adams J. General practitioners, complementary therapies and evidence-based medicine: the defence of clinical autonomy. Complement Ther Med. 2000;8(4):248–52.CrossRefPubMed Adams J. General practitioners, complementary therapies and evidence-based medicine: the defence of clinical autonomy. Complement Ther Med. 2000;8(4):248–52.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Adams J, Andrews GJ. Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine : an international reader. Palgrave Macmillan; 2012.CrossRef Adams J, Andrews GJ. Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine : an international reader. Palgrave Macmillan; 2012.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference American Psychological Association. Evidence-based practice in psychology: APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice. Am Psychol. 2006;61(4):271.CrossRef American Psychological Association. Evidence-based practice in psychology: APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice. Am Psychol. 2006;61(4):271.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference de Jonge P, Wardenaar KJ, Hoenders HR, Evans-Lacko S, Kovess-Masfety V, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Benjet C, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Dinolova RV, Florescu S, de Girolamo G, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hu C, Huang Y, Karam EG, Karam G, Lee S, Lepine JP, Levinson D, Makanjuola V, Navarro-Mateu F, Pennell BE, Posada-Villa J, Scott K, Tachimori H, Williams D, Wojtyniak B, Kessler RC, Thornicroft G. Complementary and alternative medicine contacts by persons with mental disorders in 25 countries: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences. 2018;27(6):552–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796017000774.CrossRefPubMed de Jonge P, Wardenaar KJ, Hoenders HR, Evans-Lacko S, Kovess-Masfety V, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Benjet C, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, Bunting B, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Dinolova RV, Florescu S, de Girolamo G, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hu C, Huang Y, Karam EG, Karam G, Lee S, Lepine JP, Levinson D, Makanjuola V, Navarro-Mateu F, Pennell BE, Posada-Villa J, Scott K, Tachimori H, Williams D, Wojtyniak B, Kessler RC, Thornicroft G. Complementary and alternative medicine contacts by persons with mental disorders in 25 countries: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences. 2018;27(6):552–67. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1017/​S204579601700077​4.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Jafari A, Zanganeh M, Kazemi Z, Lael-Monfared E, Tehrani H. Iranian healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and use of complementary and alternative medicine: a cross sectional study. BMC Complement Medicine Therapies. 2021;21(1):1–11.CrossRef Jafari A, Zanganeh M, Kazemi Z, Lael-Monfared E, Tehrani H. Iranian healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and use of complementary and alternative medicine: a cross sectional study. BMC Complement Medicine Therapies. 2021;21(1):1–11.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lepre, B., Crowley, J., Mpe, D., Bhoopatkar, H., Mansfield, K. J., Wall, C., Beck, E. J. Australian and New Zealand Medical Students’ Attitudes and Confidence towards Providing Nutrition Care in Practice. Nutrients, 2020;12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030598 Lepre, B., Crowley, J., Mpe, D., Bhoopatkar, H., Mansfield, K. J., Wall, C., Beck, E. J. Australian and New Zealand Medical Students’ Attitudes and Confidence towards Providing Nutrition Care in Practice. Nutrients, 2020;12(3). https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​nu12030598
32.
go back to reference Malhotra V, Harnett J, McIntyre E, Steel A, Wong K, Saini B. The prevalence and characteristics of complementary medicine use by Australians living with sleep disorders–Results of a cross-sectional study. Advances in Integrative Medicine. 2020;7(1):14–22.CrossRef Malhotra V, Harnett J, McIntyre E, Steel A, Wong K, Saini B. The prevalence and characteristics of complementary medicine use by Australians living with sleep disorders–Results of a cross-sectional study. Advances in Integrative Medicine. 2020;7(1):14–22.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference McIntyre E, Oorschot T, Steel A, Leach MJ, Adams J, Harnett J. Conventional and complementary health care use and out-of-pocket expenses among Australians with a self-reported mental health diagnosis: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1–19.CrossRef McIntyre E, Oorschot T, Steel A, Leach MJ, Adams J, Harnett J. Conventional and complementary health care use and out-of-pocket expenses among Australians with a self-reported mental health diagnosis: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1–19.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Medeiros NT, Catrib AMF, Melo NAM, Holanda GPM, de Mesquita Martins LV, da Silva Godinho CCP, da Silva Trajano S, Bezerra IN, Abdon APV. Academic education in health profession programs, knowledge and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by university students. Complement Ther Med. 2019;44:189–95.CrossRef Medeiros NT, Catrib AMF, Melo NAM, Holanda GPM, de Mesquita Martins LV, da Silva Godinho CCP, da Silva Trajano S, Bezerra IN, Abdon APV. Academic education in health profession programs, knowledge and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by university students. Complement Ther Med. 2019;44:189–95.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Morkl S, Stell L, Buhai DV, Schweinzer M, Wagner-Skacel J, Vajda C, Lackner S, Bengesser SA, Lahousen T, Painold A, Oberascher A, Tatschl JM, Fellinger M, Muller-Stierlin A, Serban AC, Ben-Sheetrit J, Vejnovic AM, Butler MI, Balanza-Martinez V, Zaja N, Rus-Prelog P, Strumila R, Teasdale SB, Reininghaus EZ, Holasek SJ. “An Apple a Day”?: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists report poor literacy for nutritional medicine: international survey spanning 52 countries. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):02. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030822.CrossRef Morkl S, Stell L, Buhai DV, Schweinzer M, Wagner-Skacel J, Vajda C, Lackner S, Bengesser SA, Lahousen T, Painold A, Oberascher A, Tatschl JM, Fellinger M, Muller-Stierlin A, Serban AC, Ben-Sheetrit J, Vejnovic AM, Butler MI, Balanza-Martinez V, Zaja N, Rus-Prelog P, Strumila R, Teasdale SB, Reininghaus EZ, Holasek SJ. “An Apple a Day”?: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists report poor literacy for nutritional medicine: international survey spanning 52 countries. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):02. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​nu13030822.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Mörkl S, Wagner-Skacel J, Lahousen T, Lackner S, Holasek SJ, Bengesser SA, Painold A, Holl AK, Reininghaus EZ. The role of nutrition and the gut-brain axis in psychiatry: a review of the literature. Neuropsychobiology. 2020;79(1–2):80–8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492834.CrossRef Mörkl S, Wagner-Skacel J, Lahousen T, Lackner S, Holasek SJ, Bengesser SA, Painold A, Holl AK, Reininghaus EZ. The role of nutrition and the gut-brain axis in psychiatry: a review of the literature. Neuropsychobiology. 2020;79(1–2):80–8. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1159/​000492834.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Valiente-Gómez A, Lupo W, García F, Fernández I, Pérez V, Amann BL. 25 years of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): The EMDR therapy protocol, hypotheses of its mechanism of action and a systematic review of its efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. 2018;11(2):101–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002.CrossRefPubMed Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Valiente-Gómez A, Lupo W, García F, Fernández I, Pérez V, Amann BL. 25 years of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): The EMDR therapy protocol, hypotheses of its mechanism of action and a systematic review of its efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. 2018;11(2):101–14. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​rpsm.​2015.​12.​002.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference O'Dea, D., Curtis, J., Scully, A., & Lappin, J. (2022). A pilot study of a mindfulness informed yoga intervention in young people with psychosis. Early intervention in psychiatry. O'Dea, D., Curtis, J., Scully, A., & Lappin, J. (2022). A pilot study of a mindfulness informed yoga intervention in young people with psychosis. Early intervention in psychiatry.
44.
45.
go back to reference Sarris, J., Ravindran, A., Yatham, L. N., Marx, W., Rucklidge, J. J., McIntyre, R. S., Akhondzadeh, S., Benedetti, F., Caneo, C., Cramer, H., Cribb, L., de Manincor, M., Dean, O., Deslandes, A. C., Freeman, M. P., Gangadhar, B., Harvey, B. H., Kasper, S., Lake, J., Lopresti, A., Lu, L., Metri, N.-J., Mischoulon, D., Ng, C. H., Nishi, D., Rahimi, R., Seedat, S., Sinclair, J., Su, K.-P., Zhang, Z.-J., & Berk, M. (2022). Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.2013041 Sarris, J., Ravindran, A., Yatham, L. N., Marx, W., Rucklidge, J. J., McIntyre, R. S., Akhondzadeh, S., Benedetti, F., Caneo, C., Cramer, H., Cribb, L., de Manincor, M., Dean, O., Deslandes, A. C., Freeman, M. P., Gangadhar, B., Harvey, B. H., Kasper, S., Lake, J., Lopresti, A., Lu, L., Metri, N.-J., Mischoulon, D., Ng, C. H., Nishi, D., Rahimi, R., Seedat, S., Sinclair, J., Su, K.-P., Zhang, Z.-J., & Berk, M. (2022). Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1–32. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​15622975.​2021.​2013041
47.
go back to reference Seet V, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Shahwan S, Chang S, Lee B, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in a multi-ethnic Asian population: results from the 2016 Singapore Mental Health Study. BMC Complement Medicine Therapies. 2020;20(1):52–52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2843-7.CrossRef Seet V, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Shahwan S, Chang S, Lee B, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in a multi-ethnic Asian population: results from the 2016 Singapore Mental Health Study. BMC Complement Medicine Therapies. 2020;20(1):52–52. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12906-020-2843-7.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Stewart RE, Chambless DL, Stirman SW. Decision making and the use of evidence-based practice: Is the three-legged stool balanced? Pract Innov. 2018;3(1):56.CrossRef Stewart RE, Chambless DL, Stirman SW. Decision making and the use of evidence-based practice: Is the three-legged stool balanced? Pract Innov. 2018;3(1):56.CrossRef
51.
Metadata
Title
Practice recommendations and referrals, perceptions of efficacy and risk, and self-rated knowledge regarding complementary medicine: a survey of Australian psychologists
Authors
Carrie Thomson-Casey
Erica McIntyre
Kris Rogers
Jon Adams
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04288-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2024 Go to the issue