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Molecular Brain
Published in: Molecular Brain 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | Research

Electroacupuncture improves repeated social defeat stress-elicited social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors by reducing Lipocalin-2 in the hippocampus

Authors: Yi-Hung Chen, Sheng-Yun Xie, Chao-Wei Chen, Dah-Yuu Lu

Published in: Molecular Brain | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related disorder that is associated with pro-inflammatory activation and neurobiological impairments in the brain and leads to a series of affective-like behaviors. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proposed as a clinically useful therapy for several brain diseases. However, the potential role of EA treatment in PTSD and its molecular and cellular mechanisms has rarely been investigated.

Methods

We used an established preclinical social defeat stress mouse model to study whether EA treatment modulates PTSD-like symptoms and understand its underlying mechanisms. To this end, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) for 6 consecutive days to induce symptoms of PTSD and treated with EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints.

Results

The stimulation of EA, but not needle insertion at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints effectively improved PTSD-like behaviors such as, social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors. However, EA stimulation at the bilateral Tianzong (SI11) acupoints did not affect the PTSD-like behaviors obtained by RSDS. EA stimulation also markedly inhibited astrocyte activation in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampi of RSDS-treated mice. Using next-generation sequencing analysis, our results showed that EA stimulation attenuated RSDS-enhanced lipocalin 2 expression in the hippocampus. Importantly, using double-staining immunofluorescence, we observed that the increased lipocalin 2 expression in astrocytes by RSDS was also reduced by EA stimulation. In addition, intracerebroventricular injection of mouse recombinant lipocalin 2 protein in the lateral ventricles provoked social avoidance, anxiety-like behaviors, and the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the overexpression of lipocalin 2 in the brain also altered the expression of stress-related genes, including monoamine oxidase A, monoamine oxidase B, mineralocorticoid receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the treatment of EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints improves RSDS-induced social avoidance, anxiety-like behaviors, astrocyte activation, and lipocalin 2 expression. Furthermore, our findings also indicate that lipocalin 2 expression in the brain may be an important biomarker for the development of PTSD-related symptoms.
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Metadata
Title
Electroacupuncture improves repeated social defeat stress-elicited social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors by reducing Lipocalin-2 in the hippocampus
Authors
Yi-Hung Chen
Sheng-Yun Xie
Chao-Wei Chen
Dah-Yuu Lu
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Brain / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1756-6606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00860-0

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