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Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Published in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics 9/2016

01-09-2016 | Original Research Article

Population Pharmacokinetics of Edoxaban in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Study, a Phase III Clinical Trial

Authors: Elke H. J. Krekels, Ronald Niebecker, Mats O. Karlsson, Raymond Miller, Takako Shimizu, Kristin E. Karlsson, Christian T. Ruff, Ulrika S. H. Simonsson, Siv Jönsson

Published in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics | Issue 9/2016

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Abstract

Introduction

Edoxaban is a novel factor Xa inhibitor. This study characterizes the population pharmacokinetics of edoxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) included in the phase III ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, evaluates covariates for the dose–exposure relationship in this population, and assesses the impact of protocol-specified dose reductions on exposure using simulations.

Methods

Model development was performed using NONMEM® and based on sparse data from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study augmented with dense data from 13 phase I studies to inform and stabilize the model. The influence of body weight (WT), creatinine clearance (CLCR), concomitant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors, age, sex, race, and NVAF on pharmacokinetic parameters was evaluated based on statistical significance and clinical relevance.

Results

A two-compartment model with first-order elimination and first-order absorption after an absorption lag-time best described the data. Apparent volume and clearance terms increased with increasing WT. Apparent renal clearance increased with increasing CLCR. Apparent non-renal, renal, and inter-compartmental clearance terms differed between phase I volunteers and NVAF patients. Asian patients were found to have increased apparent central volume of distribution, bioavailability, and total apparent clearance. Concomitant P-gp inhibitors increased the bioavailability statistically significantly, but this did not reach clinical relevance.

Conclusion

Edoxaban disposition and the variability in this disposition, including influence of covariates, after oral administration were adequately characterized in patients with NVAF. The 50 % dose reduction in patients with low WT (≤60 kg), moderate renal impairment (CLCR ≤50 mL/min), or concomitant P-gp inhibitors led to 30 % lower exposure than in the other patients.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Population Pharmacokinetics of Edoxaban in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Study, a Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors
Elke H. J. Krekels
Ronald Niebecker
Mats O. Karlsson
Raymond Miller
Takako Shimizu
Kristin E. Karlsson
Christian T. Ruff
Ulrika S. H. Simonsson
Siv Jönsson
Publication date
01-09-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Clinical Pharmacokinetics / Issue 9/2016
Print ISSN: 0312-5963
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1926
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-016-0378-3

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