Polymorphic lymphoid proliferations occurring in HIV-positive patients: report of a case responding to HAART

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated polymorphic lymphoid proliferations resembling polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are a rare but recognised complication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These account for fewer than 5 % of HIV-associated lymphomas, and little information has been published regarding their treatment and outcome. Of the reported cases, many have presented with extranodal disease, not typical of lymphoma. We report the case of a patient presenting with lung infiltrates shown to be the result of an EBV-associated polymorphic lymphoproliferation resembling a polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The patient was simultaneously found to be HIV positive and commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Without any specific anti-neoplastic treatment, the patient recovered completely and within 20 months had no symptoms or radiological evidence of a lymphoproliferative disorder. This illustrates the importance of recognising this uncommon condition in HIV-positive patients and avoiding potentially unnecessary chemotherapy.