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The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India
Published in: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India 5/2011

01-10-2011 | Review Article

Placental Insufficiency and Fetal Growth Restriction

Authors: Usha Krishna, Sarita Bhalerao

Published in: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India | Issue 5/2011

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Abstract

Objectives

Fetal growth restriction is defined as a pathologic decrease in the rate of fetal growth. The most frequent etiology for late onset fetal growth restriction is uteroplacental dysfunction which is due to inadequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to support normal aerobic growth of the fetus. However, for symmetrical IUGR, fetal chromosomal anomalies, structural anomalies and fetal infections should be carefully excluded. Consequent to the uteroplacental vascular maladaptation of endovascular trophoblastic invasion, there is increased vascular resistance and decreased blood flow to the placenta in the choriodecidual compartment.

Conclusions

This under perfusion of the placenta causes villous damage; that is, total tertiary villous capillary bed is reduced leading to increased placental resistance. These changes can be diagnosed by Doppler and characteristic changes are seen in the uterine, umbilical, middle cerebral arteries and ductus venosus vessels. In severe cases, delivery of the fetus with optimum intrapartum surveillance, or caesarean section, is essential.
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Metadata
Title
Placental Insufficiency and Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors
Usha Krishna
Sarita Bhalerao
Publication date
01-10-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India / Issue 5/2011
Print ISSN: 0971-9202
Electronic ISSN: 0975-6434
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-011-0092-x

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