Pilot study on sex hormone levels and fertility in women with malignant gliomas

The standard treatment of patients with high-grade gliomas based on conformal radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy (CT) may induce endocrine deficiencies of pituitary and subsequently also of peripheral hormones. In 24 premenopausal women with high-grade gliomas treated with RT and CT, hormonal changes and their impact on quality of life were investigated. Serum concentrations of gonadal, pituitary and of thyroid hormones were measured at various time points after initial anti-neoplastic therapy. Additionally, endovaginal ultrasound was performed and patients’ quality of life (QLQ) and female role functioning were assessed. Of 24 patients, 23 (96%) reported a change in their menstrual pattern. Twenty-one patients reported at least transient amenorrhoea with a mean duration of 26.1 months (3–96 months). Increased prolactin serum levels were found in 10 women, 8 of them with amenorrhoea. Thirteen women showed menopausal or perimenopausal hormone pattern, 3 a pattern compatible with hypogonadism. Changes in thyroid hormone levels were seen in 8 patients. Furthermore, patients complained about fatigue and menopausal symptoms, like flushes, weakness and gain of weight. They felt a decrease of libido combined with the loss of attractiveness as a female, and an increased need for tender care and security. The hormonal deficiencies in female patients with malignant gliomas require thorough evaluation and individualized diagnosis and sometimes intervention.