Top

Published in:

01-03-2020 | Original Article

Physical activity, chronotype and sleep in a sample of Italian elderly population

Authors: Lucia Castelli, Letizia Galasso, Antonino Mulè, Eleonora Bruno, Sheida Shokohyar, Fabio Esposito, Angela Montaruli, Eliana Roveda

Published in: Sport Sciences for Health | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the role of physical habits and chronotype on sleep patterns in a sample of Italian elderly population.

Methods

One-hundred Italian elderly individuals (50 males; mean age ± SD 70.9 ± 6.3 years) were enrolled and completed the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Moreover, we evaluated the lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL values, total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios).

Results

Active subjects (AS) collected better PSQI value compared to inactive subjects (IS) (mean ± SD 5.3 ± 3.1 vs 6.2 ± 3.4). The AS made less use of sleep medications (p < 0.003) and reported less sleep disturbances (p < 0.003) and daytime dysfunctions (p < 0.006) compared to IS. PSQI final and component scores for neither types (N-types) were lower compared to those of morning types (M-types). Referring to the females, active N-type collected lower PSQI value compared to active M-types (mean ± SD 3.9 ± 3 vs 6.2 ± 3.5, respectively; p < 0.05). Active M-types made less use of sleep medications (f < 0.05; p < 0.02) and had less sleep dysfunction (f < 0.03; p < 0.03) compared to inactive M-types, while active N-types reported less daytime dysfunctions (f < 0.03; p < 0.03) compared to inactive N-types. Focusing on males, active M-types reported less disturbances compared to inactive N-types (f < 0.05; p < 0.05). IS showed lower HDL level compared to AS (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

M-types had worst sleeping habits compared to N-types. IS had worse global sleep quality, more sleep disturbances and made greater use of sleep medications than AS did. An active lifestyle could be considered as useful tool to improve sleep and reduces sleep problems during aging.

Sihyun P, Sin-Hyang K (2017) A meta-analysis of the correlates of successful aging in older adults. Res Aging 39(5):657–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027516656040 CrossRef

van Leeuwen IM, Vera J, Wolkenhauer O (2010) Dynamic energy budget approaches for modelling organismal ageing. Philos Trans R Soc B 365:3443–3454. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0071 CrossRef

Taylor JM (2003) Sarcopenia: causes, consequences, and preventions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58(10):911–916 (PMID: 14570858) CrossRef

Balagopal P, Rooyackers OE, Adey DB, Ades PA, Nair KS (1997) Effects of aging on in vivo synthesis of skeletal muscle myosin heavy-chain and sarcoplasmic protein in humans. Am J Physiol 273:790–800 (PMID: 9357810) CrossRef

Deslandes A (2013) The biological clock keeps ticking, but exercise may turn it back. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 71(2):113–118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2013000200011 CrossRef

Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, Skinner JS (2009) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41(7):1510–1530. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c CrossRefPubMed

Schoenborn CA, Adams PF, Barnes PM, Vickerie JL, Schiller JS (2004) Health behaviors of adults: United States, 1999–2001. Vital Health Stat 10(219):1–79 (PMID: 15791896)

Di Iorio F, Cesarelli M, Bifulco P, Fratini A, Roveda E, Ruffo M (2012) The effect of whole body vibration on oxygen uptake and electromyographic signal of the rectus femoris muscle during static and dynamic squat. J Exerc Physiol 15(5):18–31 (ISSN:10979751)

Bruno E, Manoukian S, Venturelli E, Oliverio A, Rovera F, Iula G, Morelli D, Peissel B, Azzolini J, Roveda E, Pasanisi P (2018) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome in BRCA mutation carriers. Integr Cancer Ther 17(1):153–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735417721015 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Pasanisi P, Gargano G, Di Mauro GM, Cortellini M, Casagrande A, Villarini A, Bruno E, Roveda E, Saibene G, Venturelli E, Berrino F (2018) A randomized controlled trial of Mediterranean diet and metformin to prevent age-related diseases in people with metabolic syndrome. Tumori 104(2):137–142. https://doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000599 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Baumgartner RN, Stauber PM, McHugh D, Koehler KM, Garry PJ (1995) Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60 + years of age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 50(6):307–316 (PMID: 7583802) CrossRef

12.

Martins AR, Verissimo MT, Coehlo Silva MJ, Cumming SP, Teixera AM (2010) Effects of aerobic and strength-based training on metabolic health indicators in older adults. Lipids Health Dis. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511x-9-76 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Mann S, Beedie C, Jimenez A (2014) Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports Med 44(2):211–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0110-5 CrossRefPubMed

14.

Feinsilver SH (2003) Sleep in the elderly. What is normal? Clin Geriatr Med 19(1):177–188 (PMID: 12735121) CrossRef

15.

Chasens ER, Yang K, Baniak LM, Choi J, Imes CC (2018) Sleep and other correlates of high-level health in older adults. Geriatr Nurs 39(3):344–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.11.002 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Monatruli A, Galasso L, Caumo A, Cè E, Pesenti C, Roveda E, Esposito F (2017) The circadian typology: the role of physical activity and melatonin. Sport Sci Health 13(3):469–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-017-0389-y CrossRef

17.

Adan A, Archer SN, Hindalgo MP, Di Milia L, Natale V, Randler C (2012) Circadian typology: a comprehensive review. Chronobiol Int 29(9):1153–1175. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2012.719971 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Buysse DJ (2014) Sleep health: can we define it? does it matter? Sleep 37(1):9–17. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3298 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Montaruli A, Galasso L, Carandente F, Vitale JA, Roveda E, Caumo A (2017) If the Morning–Evening Questionnaire (MEQ) is able to predict the actigraphy-based acrophase, how does its reduced, five-item version (rMEQ) perform? Chronobiol Int 34(4):443–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1306708 CrossRefPubMed

20.

Roveda E, Vitale J, Montaruli A, Galasso L, Carandente F, Caumo A (2017) Predicting the actigraphy-based acrophase using the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in college students of North Italy. Chronobiol Int 34(5):551–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2016.1276928 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Bruno E, Roveda E, Vitale J, Montaruli A, Berrino F, Villarini A, Venturelli E, Gargano G, Galasso L, Caumo A, Carandente F, Pasanisi P (2018) Effect of aerobic exercise intervention on markers of insulin resistance in breast cancer women. Eur J Cancer Care 27(2):e12617. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12617 CrossRef

22.

Roveda E, Vitale JA, Bruno E, Montaruli A, Pasanisi P, Villarini A, Gargano G, Galasso L, Berrino F, Caumo A, Carandente F (2017) Protective effect of aerobic physical activity on sleep behavior in breast cancer survivors. Integr Cancer Ther 16(1):21–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735416651719 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Vitale J, Montaruli A, Michielon G, Raffaele Scurati, Alberti G, Carandente F, Roveda E (2017) Sleep quality and cytokine expression after an exhaustive exercise: influence of ACE polymorphism I/D. Sleep Biol Rhythm 15(1):31–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-016-0077-3 CrossRef

24.

Roveda E, Sciolla C, Montaruli A, Calogiuri G, Angeli A, Carandente F (2011) Effects of endurance and strength acute exercise on night sleep quality. Int Sportmed J 12(3):113–124 (ISSN: 15283356)

25.

Zuccarelli L, Galasso L, Turner R, Coffey EJB, Bessone L, Strapazzon G (2019) Human physiology during exposure to the cave environment: a systematic review with implications for aerospace medicine. Front Physiol 10:442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00442 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Monk TH, Buysse DJ (2014) Chronotype, bed timing and total sleep time in seniors. Chronobiol Int 31(5):655–659. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2014.885981 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Vitale J, Roveda E, Monatruli A, Galasso L, Weydahl A, Caumo A, Carandente F (2015) Chronotype influences activity circadian rhythm and sleep: differences in sleep quality between weekdays and weekend. Chronobiol Int 32(3):405–415. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2014.986273 CrossRefPubMed

28.

Roveda E, Montaruli A, Galasso L, Pesenti C, Bruno E, Pasanisi P, Cortellini M, Rampichini S, Erzegovesi S, Caumo A, Esposito F (2018) Rest-activity circadian rhythm and sleep quality in patients with binge eating disorder. Chronobiol Int 35(2):198–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1392549 CrossRefPubMed

29.

Gambassi BV, Rodrigues B, Feriani DJ, de Almeida FJF, Sauaia BA, Schwingel PA, de Moraes OA, Pulcherio JOB, Andrade MFB, Mostarda CT (2016) Effects of resistance training of moderate intensity on heart rate variability, body composition, and muscle strength in healthy elderly women. Sport Sci Health 12:389–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0303-z CrossRef

30.

Galasso L, Monatruli A, Bruno E, Pesenti Cristiana, Erzegovesi S, Cè E, Coratella G, Roveda E, Esposito F (2018) Aerobic exercise training improves physical performance of patients with binge-eating disorder. Sport Sci Health 14(1):47–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-017-0398-x CrossRef

31.

Bonato M, Agnello L, Galasso L, Montaruli A, Roveda E, Merati G, La Torre A, Vitale JA (2017) Acute modification of cardiac autonomic function of high-intensity interval training in collegiate male soccer players with different chronotype: a cross-over study. J Sports Sci Med 16(2):286–294 (PMID: 28630583) PubMedPubMedCentral

32.

LaMonte MJ, Lewis CE, Buchner DM, Evenson KR, Rillamas-Sun E, Di C, Lee IM, Bellettiere J, Stefanick ML, Eaton CB, Howard BV, Bird C, LaCroix AZ (2017) Both light intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity measured by accelerometry are favorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in older women: the objective physical activity and cardiovascular health (OPACH) study. J Am Heart Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.117.007064 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Mandini S, Collini G, Grazzi G, Lavezzi E, Mazzoni G, Conconi F (2018) Reduction in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and long-lasting walking habit in sedentary male and female subjects following 1 year of guided walking. Sport Sci Health 14:121–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-017-0412-3 CrossRef

34.

Carandente F, Montaruli A, Roveda E, Calogiuri G, Michielon G, La Torre A (2006) Morning or evening training: effect on heart rate circadian rhythm. Sport Sci Health 1(3):113–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-006-0020-0 CrossRef

35.

de Guimaraes LHCT, de Carvalho LB, Yanaguibashi G, do Prado GF (2008) Physically active elderly women sleep more and better than sedentary women. Sleep Med 9(5):488–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.06.009 CrossRef

36.

Wu CY, Su TP, Fang CL, Yeh Chang M (2012) Sleep quality among community-dwelling elderly people and its demographic, mental, and physical correlates. J Chin Med Assoc 75(2):75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.12.011 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Montaruli A, Patrini P, Roveda E, Carandente F (2012) Physical activity and breast cancer. Sport Sci Health 8:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-012-0125-6 CrossRef

38.

Calogiuri G, Beldo S, Roveda E, Montaruli A, Carandente F, Weydahl A (2009) Training time and adaptation to lack of daylight: a case report. Sport Sci Health 5(11):37–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-009-0074-x CrossRef

39.

Calogiuri G, Weydahl A, Roveda E (2011) Effects of sleep loss and strenuous physical activity on the rest-activity circadian rhythm: a study on 500 km and 1000 km dogsled racers. Biol Res Nurs 13(4):409–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800410392021 CrossRefPubMed

40.

Dovio A, Roveda E, Sciolla C, Montaruli A, Raffaelli A, Saba A, Calogiuri G, De Francia S, Borrione P, Salvadori P, Carandente F, Angeli A (2010) Intense physical exercise increases systemic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in healthy adult subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 108(4):681–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1265-5 CrossRefPubMed

41.

Lin P, Chang KT, Lin YA, Tzeng IS, Chuang HH, Che JY (2017) Association between self-reported sleep duration and serum lipid profile in a middle-aged and elderly population in Taiwan: a community-based, cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 7(10):e015964. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015964 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

van den Berg JF, Miedema HM, Tulen JH, Neven AK, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Tiemeier H (2008) Long sleep duration is associated with serum cholesterol in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Psychosom Med 70(9):1005–1011. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318186e656 CrossRefPubMed

43.

Akbari Kamrani AA, Shams A, Shamsipour Dehkordi P, Mohajeri R (2014) The effect of low and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on sleep quality in men older adults. Pak J Med Sci 30(2):417–421. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.302.4386 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Horne JA, Ostberg O (1976) A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness–eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol 4:97–110 (PMID:1027738) PubMed

45.

Mecacci L, Zani A (1983) Morningness–eveningness preferences and sleep-waking diary data of morning and evening types in student and worker samples. Ergonomics 26(12):1147–1153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138308963450 CrossRefPubMed

46.

Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(8):1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB CrossRefPubMed

47.

Mannocci A, Di Thiene D, Del Cimmuto A, Masala D, Boccia A, De Vito E, La Torre G (2010) International Physical Activity Questionnaire: validation and assessment in an Italian sample. Ital J Public Health 7(2):369–376. https://doi.org/10.2427/5694 CrossRef

48.

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ (1989) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 28(2):193–213 (PMID: 2748771) CrossRef

49.

Curcio G, Tempesta D, Scarlata S, Marzano C, Moroni F, Rossini PM, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L (2013) Validity of the Italian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Neurol Sci 34(4):511–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-012-1085-y CrossRefPubMed

50.

Lambiase MJ, Pettee Gabriel KP, Kuller LH, Matthews KA (2014) Temporal relationships between physical activity and sleep in older women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45(12):2362–2368. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829e4cea CrossRef

51.

Spinarova L, Spinar J, Vitovec J, Linhart A, Widimsky P, Fedorco M, Malek F, Cihalik C, Miklik R, Dusek L, Zidova K, Jarkovsky J, Littnerova S, Parenica J (2012) Gender differences in total cholesterol levels in patients with acute heart failure and its importance for short and long time prognosis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 156(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.5507/bp.2012.015 CrossRefPubMed

Title: Physical activity, chronotype and sleep in a sample of Italian elderly population
Authors: Lucia Castelli
Letizia Galasso
Antonino Mulè
Eleonora Bruno
Sheida Shokohyar
Fabio Esposito
Angela Montaruli
Eliana Roveda
Publication date: 01-03-2020
Publisher: Springer Milan
Published in: Sport Sciences for Health / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1824-7490
Electronic ISSN: 1825-1234
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-019-00573-x

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Physical activity, chronotype and sleep in a sample of Italian elderly population

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Italian student-athletes only need a more effective daily schedule to support their dual career

“Power to the people”: the need for more public involvement in Sports Science for Health

Effect of a multicomponent intervention in components of metabolic syndrome: a study with overweight/obese low-income school-aged children

The effect of a Pender’s health promotion model-based educational intervention on physical activity in office staff

Prolonged visual reaction time after strenuous endurance exercise: higher increment in male compared to female recreational runners

Does silica–nylon mesh improves the biomechanical response of custom-made mouthguards?