Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Research

Periapical and endodontic status among 65-year-old Oslo-citizens

Authors: My Tien Diep, Lene Hystad Hove, Dag Ørstavik, Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad, Anne Thea Tveit Sødal, Pia Titterud Sunde

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Aim

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root-filled teeth in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate associations of pathosis and endodontic treatment with selected individual risk indicators and technical quality of root fillings.

Material and methods

A random sample of 450 65-year-olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical and radiological examination (52% men and 48% women). Periapical radiographs were taken of all root-filled teeth and of teeth with apical radiolucency, and periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index. Apex-to-filling distance and homogeneity were assessed for all root fillings. Analyses on individual level and tooth level were performed. The outcome variables were ‘non-root-filled tooth with AP’ (‘untreated AP’), ‘root-filled tooth’, and 'root-filled tooth with AP’. The explanatory variables were gender, education, dental attendance pattern, smoking, remaining teeth (n), tooth group, and root filling quality. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between outcome variables and explanatory variables. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05.

Results

The mean number of remaining teeth was 26 (SD: 4). AP was present in 45% of the individuals. Sixteen percent of the individuals had untreated AP and 38% had at least one root-filled tooth with AP. Sixty-six percent of the individuals had one or more root-filled teeth. Untreated AP was significantly associated with a decreasing number of remaining teeth and smoking. All the outcome variables were significantly more prevalent in molars compared with premolars and anterior teeth. Thirty-five percent of the root-filled teeth had AP, and AP was more prevalent in teeth with too short apex-to-filling distance (53%) or unsatisfactory homogeneity (46%).

Conclusions

The remaining number of teeth was high, and AP and root-filled teeth were prevalent in the present young-elderly population. A notable amount of untreated AP was observed, especially in smokers. The findings in the present study indicate a substantial need for dental care associated with endodontic conditions in the future elderly.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Kirkevang LL, Ørstavik D, Bahrami G, Wenzel A, Væth M. Prediction of periapical status and tooth extraction. Int Endod J. 2017;50(1):5–14.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V, Lewis BG, Barker LK, Thornton-Evans G, et al. Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Vital Health Stat. 2007;11(248):1–92.
3.
McNally ME, Matthews DC, Clovis JB, Brillant M, Filiaggi MJ. The oral health of ageing baby boomers: a comparison of adults aged 45–64 and those 65 years and older. Gerodontology. 2014;31(2):123–35.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Korzen BH, Krakow AA, Green DB. Pulpal and periapical tissue responses in conventional and monoinfected gnotobiotic rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;37(5):783–802.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Nair PN. Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(6):348–81.PubMedCrossRef
6.
7.
Kirkevang LL, Ørstavik D, Hörsted-Bindslev P, Wenzel A. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in a Danish population. Int Endod J. 2000;33(6):509–15.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Georgopoulou MK, Spanaki-Voreadi AP, Pantazis N, Kontakiotis EG. Frequency and distribution of root filled teeth and apical periodontitis in a Greek population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(2):105–11.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Eriksen HM. Endodontic status amongst 35-year-old Oslo citizens and changes over a 30-year period. Int Endod J. 2006;39(8):637–42.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Chen CY, Hasselgren G, Serman N, Elkind MS, Desvarieux M, Engebretson SP. Prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in the Northern Manhattan elderly. J Endod. 2007;33(3):230–4.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Frisk F, Hugoson A, Hakeberg M. Technical quality of root fillings and periapical status in root filled teeth in Jonkoping. Sweden Int Endod J. 2008;41(11):958–68.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Gulsahi K, Gulsahi A, Ungor M, Genc Y. Frequency of root-filled teeth and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult Turkish population. Int Endod J. 2008;41(1):78–85.PubMed
13.
Peters LB, Lindeboom JA, Elst ME, Wesselink PR. Prevalence of apical periodontitis relative to endodontic treatment in an adult Dutch population: a repeated cross-sectional study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;111(4):523–8.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Kirkevang LL, Væth M, Wenzel A. Ten-year follow-up observations of periapical and endodontic status in a Danish population. Int Endod J. 2012;45(9):829–39.PubMedCrossRef
15.
López-López J, Jané-Salas E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Castellanos-Cosano L, Martín-González J, Velasco-Ortega E, et al. Frequency and distribution of root-filled teeth and apical periodontitis in an adult population of Barcelona. Spain Int Dent J. 2012;62(1):40–6.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Timmerman A, Calache H, Parashos P. A cross sectional and longitudinal study of endodontic and periapical status in an Australian population. Aust Dent J. 2017;62(3):345–54.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Vengerfeldt V, Mändar R, Nguyen MS, Saukas S, Saag M. Apical periodontitis in southern Estonian population: prevalence and associations with quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):147.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Virtanen E, Nurmi T, Söder P-Ö, Airila-Månsson S, Söder B, Meurman JH. Apical periodontitis associates with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study from Sweden. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):107.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Huumonen S, Suominen AL, Vehkalahti MM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in root filled teeth: findings from a nationwide survey in Finland. Int Endod J. 2017;50(3):229–36.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Connert T, Truckenmuller M, ElAyouti A, Eggmann F, Krastl G, Löst C, et al. Changes in periapical status, quality of root fillings and estimated endodontic treatment need in a similar urban German population 20 years later. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1373–82.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Meirinhos J, Martins JNR, Pereira B, Baruwa A, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA, et al. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and its association with previous root canal treatment, root canal filling length and type of coronal restoration - a cross-sectional study. Int Endod J. 2020;53(4):573–84.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Razdan A, Jungnickel L, Schropp L, Væth M, Kirkevang LL. Trends of endodontic and periapical status in adult Danish populations from 1997 to 2009: a repeated cross-sectional study. Int Endod J. 2022;55(2):164–76.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Tibúrcio-Machado CS, Michelon C, Zanatta FB, Gomes MS, Marin JA, Bier CA. The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2021;54(5):712–35.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Ödesjö B, Helldén L, Salonen L, Langeland K. Prevalence of previous endodontic treatment, technical standard and occurrence of periapical lesions in a randomly selected adult, general population. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990;6(6):265–72.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Eriksen HM, Bjertness E. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in middle-aged adults in Norway. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1991;7(1):1–4.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Petersson K, Håkansson R, Hakansson J, Olsson B, Wennberg A. Follow-up study of endodontic status in an adult Swedish population. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1991;7(5):221–5.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Soikkonen KT. Endodontically treated teeth and periapical findings in the elderly. Int Endod J. 1995;28(4):200–3.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Gomes MS, Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Sant’Ana Filho M, Padilha DM, Simonsick EM, et al. Apical periodontitis and incident cardiovascular events in the Baltimore longitudinal study of ageing. Int Endod J. 2016;49(4):334–42.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Jakovljevic A, Nikolic N, Jacimovic J, Pavlovic O, Milicic B, Beljic-Ivanovic K, et al. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and conventional nonsurgical root canal treatment in general adult population: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies published between 2012 and 2020. J Endod. 2020;46(10):1371-1386.e8. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​joen.​2020.​07.​007.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Kirkevang LL, Wenzel A. Risk indicators for apical periodontitis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31(1):59–67.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Aleksejuniene J, Eriksen HM, Sidaravicius B, Haapasalo M. Apical periodontitis and related factors in an adult Lithuanian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90(1):95–101.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Segura-Egea JJ, Jiménez-Pinzón A, Ríos-Santos JV, Velasco-Ortega E, Cisneros-Cabello R, Poyato-Ferrera MM. High prevalence of apical periodontitis amongst smokers in a sample of Spanish adults. Int Endod J. 2008;41(4):310–6.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Kirkevang LL, Væth M, Wenzel A. Tooth-specific risk indicators for apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;97(6):739–44.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Diep MT, Jensen JL, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Young A, Sødal ATT, Petrovski BÉ, et al. Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. Eur J Oral Sci. 2021;129(1): e12757.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Ørstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(1):20–34.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Jordal K, Valen A, Ørstavik D. Periapical status of root-filled teeth in Norwegian children and adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72(8):801–5.PubMedCrossRef
37.
38.
Kirkevang LL, Horsted-Bindslev P, Ørstavik D, Wenzel A. Frequency and distribution of endodontically treated teeth and apical periodontitis in an urban Danish population. Int Endod J. 2001;34(3):198–205.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Grytten J, Skau I. Specialization and competition in dental health services. Health Econ. 2009;18(4):457–66.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Grytten J, Holst D, Skau I. Incentives and remuneration systems in dental services. Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2009;9(3):259–78.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Jiménez-Pinzón A, Segura-Egea JJ, Poyato-Ferrera M, Velasco-Ortega E, Ríos-Santos JV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root-filled teeth in an adult Spanish population. Int Endod J. 2004;37(3):167–73.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Huumonen S, Vehkalahti MM, Nordblad A. Radiographic assessments on prevalence and technical quality of endodontically-treated teeth in the Finnish population, aged 30 years and older. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012;70(3):234–40.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Bernabe E, Delgado-Angulo EK, Vehkalahti MM, Aromaa A, Suominen AL. Daily smoking and 4-year caries increment in Finnish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2014;42(5):428–34.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Rodriguez FR, Taner B, Weiger R, Walter C. Is smoking a predictor of apical periodontitis? Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(8):1947–55.PubMedCrossRef
45.
46.
Marques MD, Moreira B, Eriksen HM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in an adult. Portuguese population Int Endod J. 1998;31(3):161–5.PubMed
47.
Ørstavik D, Qvist V, Stoltze K. A multivariate analysis of the outcome of endodontic treatment. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112(3):224–30.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Kerekes K, Tronstad L. Long-term results of endodontic treatment performed with a standardized technique. J Endod. 1979;5(3):83–90.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Molander B. Panoramic radiography in dental diagnostics. Swed Dent J Suppl. 1996;119:1–26.PubMed
50.
Lo Giudice R, Nicita F, Puleio F, Alibrandi A, Cervino G, Lizio AS, et al. Accuracy of periapical radiography and CBCT in endodontic evaluation. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:2514243.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Ramis-Alario A, Soto-Peñaloza D, Tarazona-Alvarez B, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Peñarrocha-Oltra D. Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of 2D radiography and cone beam computed tomography in persistent apical periodontal disease: A PRISMA-DTA systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(4):e153–68.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Periapical and endodontic status among 65-year-old Oslo-citizens
Authors
My Tien Diep
Lene Hystad Hove
Dag Ørstavik
Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
Pia Titterud Sunde
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

BMC Oral Health 1/2022 Go to the issue

Research

Laminate veneer ceramics in aesthetic rehabilitation of teeth with fluorosis: a 10-year follow-up study

Research

Relapse in class II orthognathic surgery: a systematic review

Research

The effect of bleaching applications on stained bulk-fill resin composites

Research

Potential links between COVID-19 and periodontitis: a bioinformatic analysis based on GEO datasets

Research

A survey of the awareness and knowledge of oral cancer among residents in Beijing

Research article

A new scoring system facilitating diagnosis of oral squamous malignancy on biopsy specimens