Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Pediatric Nephrology
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 1/2010

Open Access 01-01-2010 | Review

Pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis

Authors: Keith K. Lau, Hitoshi Suzuki, Jan Novak, Robert J. Wyatt

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

The severity of renal involvement is the major factor determining the long-term outcome of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) nephritis (HSPN). Approximately 40% children with HSP develop nephritis, usually within 4 to 6 weeks after the initial onset of the typical purpuric rashes. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms are still not fully delineated, several studies suggest that galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is recognized by anti-glycan antibodies, leading to the formation of the circulating immune complexes and their mesangial deposition that induce renal injury in HSPN.
Literature
1.
Niaudet P, Habib R (1994) Schönlein-Henoch purpura nephritis: pronostic factors and therapy. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 145:577–580
2.
Saulsbury FT (2007) Clinical update: Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Lancet 369:976–978PubMed
3.
Waldo FB (1988) Is Henoch-Schönlein purpura the systemic form of IgA nephropathy? Am J Kidney Dis 12:373–377PubMed
4.
Nakamoto Y, Asano Y, Dohi K, Fujioka M, Iida H, Kida H, Kibe Y, Hattori N, Takeuchi J (1978) Primary IgA glomerulonephritis and Schönlein-Henoch purpura nephritis: Clinicopathological and immunohistological characteristics. Q J Med 47:495–516PubMed
5.
Evans DJ, Williams DG, Peters DK, Sissons JG, Boulton-Jones JM, Ogg CS, Cameron JS, Hoffbrand BI (1973) Glomerular deposition of properdin in Henoch-Schönlein syndrome and idiopathic focal nephritis. Br Med J 3:326–328PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Meulders Q, Pirson Y, Cosyns JP, Squifflet JP, van Ypersele de Strihou C (1994) Course of Henoch-Schönlein nephritis after renal transplantation. Report on ten patients and review of the literature. Transplantation 58:1179–1186PubMed
7.
Soler MJ, Mir M, Rodriguez E, Orfila A, Munne A, Vázquez S, Lloveras J, Puig JM (2005) Recurrence of IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura after kidney transplantation: risk factors and graft survival. Transplant Proc 37:3705–3709PubMed
8.
Saulsbury FT (1986) IgA rheumatoid factor in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. J Pediatr 108:71–76PubMed
9.
Knight JF (1990) The rheumatic poison: a survey of some published investigations of the immunopathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Nephrol 4:533–541PubMed
10.
Fervenza FC (2003) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Int J Dermatol 42:170–177PubMed
11.
Davin JC, Ten Berge IJ, Weening JJ (2001) What is the difference between IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis? Kidney Int 59:823–834PubMed
12.
Coppo R, Basolo B, Piccoli G, Mazzucco G, Bulzomì MR, Roccatello D, De Marchi M, Carbonara AO, Barbiano di Belgiojoso G (1984) IgA1 and IgA2 immune complexes in primary IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 57:583–590PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Levinsky RJ, Barratt TM (1979) IgA immune complexes in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Lancet 2:1100–1103PubMed
14.
Coppo R, Andrulli S, Amore A, Gianoglio B, Conti G, Peruzzi L, Locatelli F, Cagnoli L (2006) Predictors of outcome in Henoch-Schönlein nephritis in children and adults. Am J Kidney Dis 47:993–1003CrossRefPubMed
15.
Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Lyas CN, Kirksey C, Hall S, Moldoveanu Z, Wyatt RJ, Mestecky J, Tomino Y, Novak J, Julian A (2008) Urinary polypeptide biomarkers of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:665A
16.
Julian BA, Wittke S, Novak J, Good DM, Coon JJ, Kellmann M, Zürbig P, Schiffer E, Haubitz M, Moldoveanu Z, Calcatera SM, Wyatt RJ, Sýkora J, Sládková E, Hes O, Mischak H, McGuire BM (2007) Electrophoretic methods for analysis of urinary polypeptides in IgA-associated renal diseases. Electrophoresis 28:4469–4483PubMed
17.
Lin SC, Tsai MJ, Huang MT, Wu KH, Wang LH, Chiang BL (1998) Immunological studies of children with anaphylactoid purpura. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 39:247–252PubMed
18.
de Almeida JL, Campos LM, Paim LB, Leone C, Koch VH, Silva CA (2007) Renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a multivariate analysis of initial prognostic factors. J Pediatr (Rio J) 83:259–266
19.
Zickerman AM, Allen AC, Talwar V, Olczak SA, Brownlee A, Holland M, Furness PN, Brunskill NJ, Feehally J (2000) IgA myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura with nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 36:E19PubMed
20.
Novak J, Moldoveanu Z, Renfrow MB, Yanagihara T, Suzuki H, Raska M, Hall S, Brown R, Huang WQ, Goepfert A, Kilian M, Poulsen K, Tomana M, Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Mestecky J (2007) IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis: aberrant glycosylation of IgA1, formation of IgA1-containing immune complexes, and activation of mesangial cells. Contrib Nephrol 157:134–138PubMed
21.
Conley ME, Cooper MD, Michael AF (1980) Selective deposition of immunoglobulin A1 in immunoglobulin A nephropathy, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 66:1432–1436PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Mestecky J, Moro I, Kerr MA, Woof JM (2005) Mucosal immunoglobulins. In: Mestecky J, Bienenstock J, Lamm ME, Mayer L, McGhee JR, Strober W (eds) Mucosal immunology, 3rd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 153–181
23.
Tarelli E, Smith AC, Hendry BM, Challacombe SJ, Pouria S (2004) Human serum IgA1 is substituted with up to six O-glycans as shown by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 339:2329–2335PubMed
24.
Renfrow MB, MacKay CL, Chalmers MJ, Julian BA, Mestecky J, Kilian M, Poulsen K, Emmett MR, Marshall AG, Novak J (2007) Analysis of O-glycan heterogeneity in IgA1 myeloma proteins by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Implications for IgA nephropathy. Anal Bioanal Chem 389:1397–1407PubMed
25.
Baenziger J, Kornfeld S (1974) Structure of the carbohydrate units of IgA1 immunoglobulin II. Structure of the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide units. J Biol Chem 249:7270–7281PubMed
26.
Field MC, Dwek RA, Edge CJ, Rademacher TW (1989) O-linked oligosaccharides from human serum immunoglobulin A1. Biochem Soc Trans 17:1034–1035PubMed
27.
Mattu TS, Pleass RJ, Willis AC, Kilian M, Wormald MR, Lellouch AC, Rudd PM, Woof JM, Dwek RA (1998) The glycosylation and structure of human serum IgA1, Fab, and Fc regions and the role of N-glycosylation on Fcα receptor interactions. J Biol Chem 273:2260–2272PubMed
28.
Novak J, Tomana M, Kilian M, Coward L, Kulhavy R, Barnes S, Mestecky J (2000) Heterogeneity of O-glycosylation in the hinge region of human IgA1. Mol Immunol 37:1047–1056PubMed
29.
Allen AC, Willis FR, Beattie TJ, Feehally J (1998) Abnormal IgA glycosylation in Henoch-Schönlein purpura restricted to patients with clinical nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:930–934PubMed
30.
Lau KK, Wyatt RJ, Moldoveanu Z, Tomana M, Julian BA, Hogg RJ, Lee JY, Huang WQ, Mestecky J, Novak J (2007) Serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Nephrol 22:2067–2072PubMed
31.
Egan CA, Taylor TB, Meyer LJ, Petersen MJ, Zone JJ (1999) IgA1 is the major IgA subclass in cutaneous blood vessels in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Br J Dermatol 141:859–862PubMed
32.
van den Wall Bake AW, Daha MR, Radl J, Haaijman JJ, Van der Ark A, Valentijn RM, Van Es LA (1988) The bone marrow as production site of the IgA deposited in the kidneys of patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 72:321–325PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
van den Wall Bake AW, Daha MR, Evers-Schouten J, van Es LA (1988) Serum IgA and the production of IgA by peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes in patients with primary IgA nephropathy: evidence for the bone marrow as the source of mesangial IgA. Am J Kidney Dis 12:410–414PubMed
34.
Feehally J, Allen AC (1999) Structural features of IgA molecules which contribute to IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 12:59–65PubMed
35.
Buck KS, Smith AC, Molyneux K, El-Barbary H, Feehally J, Barratt J (2008) B-cell O-galactosyltransferase activity, and expression of O-glycosylation genes in bone marrow in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 73:1128–1136PubMed
36.
Smith AC, Molyneux K, Feehally J, Barratt J (2006) O-glycosylation of serum IgA1 antibodies against mucosal and systemic antigens in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:3520–3528PubMed
37.
Béné MC, Faure GC, Hurault de Ligny B, de March AK (2004) Clinical involvement of the tonsillar immune system in IgA nephropathy. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 555:10–14
38.
Béné MC, Kennel A, Renoult E, Kessler M, Faure GC (1995) Altered mucosal immunity in IgA nephropathy investigated using the ELISA spot method in peripheral blood. Contrib Nephrol 111:123–128PubMed
39.
Béné MC, Faure GC (1988) Mesangial IgA in IgA nephropathy arises from the mucosa. Am J Kidney Dis 12:406–409PubMed
40.
Suzuki H, Moldoveanu Z, Wyatt R, Stacy Hall1, Brown R, Julian B, Tomino Y, Mestecky J, Novak J (2008) Aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 and anti-glycan IgG antibodies are elevated in patients with active Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:658A
41.
Allen AC, Topham PS, Harper SJ, Feehally J (1997) Leucocyte β 1, 3 galactosyltransferase activity in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12:701–706PubMed
42.
Barratt J, Feehally J (2005) IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2088–2097PubMed
43.
Gharavi AG, Moldoveanu Z, Wyatt RJ, Barker CV, Woodford SY, Lifton RP, Mestecky J, Novak J, Julian BA (2008) Aberrant IgA1 glycosylation is inherited in familial and sporadic IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:1008–1014PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Suzuki H, Moldoveanu Z, Hall S, Brown R, Vu HL, Novak L, Julian BA, Tomana M, Wyatt RJ, Edberg JC, Alarcón GS, Kimberly RP, Tomino Y, Mestecky J, Novak J (2008) IgA1-secreting cell lines from patients with IgA nephropathy produce aberrantly glycosylated IgA1. J Clin Invest 118:629–639PubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Raska M, Moldoveanu Z, Suzuki H, Brown R, Kulhavy R, Andrasi J, Hall S, Vu HL, Carlsson F, Lindahl G, Tomana M, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Mestecky J, Novak J (2007) Identification and characterization of CMP-NeuAc:GalNAc-IgA1 α2, 6-sialyltransferase in IgA1-producing cells. J Mol Biol 369:69–78PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Suzuki H, Moldoveanu Z, Hall S, Brown R, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Lee JY, Tomana M, Tomino Y, Mestecky J, Novak J (2007) Immunoglobulin-producing cell lines from patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis secrete aberrantly-glycosylated IgA1 and anti-glycan IgG antibodies. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:188A
47.
Novak J, Tomana M, Matousovic K, Brown R, Hall S, Novak L, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Mestecky J (2005) IgA1-containing immune complexes in IgA nephropathy differentially affect proliferation of mesangial cells. Kidney Int 67:504–513PubMed
48.
Moore JS, Kulhavy R, Tomana M, Moldoveanu Z, Suzuki H, Brown R, Hall S, Kilian M, Poulsen K, Mestecky J, Julian BA, Novak J (2007) Reactivities of N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectins with human IgA1 proteins. Mol Immunol 44:2598–2604PubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Suzuki H, Hall S, Renfrow MB, Moldoveanu Z, Lyas CN, Julian BA, Kilian M, Poulsen K, Mestecky J, Novak J (2008) Bacterial IgA proteases and analysis of aberrant O-glycosylation of IgA1 in patients with IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:658A
50.
Kokubo T, Hiki Y, Iwase H, Tanaka A, Toma K, Hotta K, Kobayashi Y (1998) Protective role of IgA1 glycans against IgA1 self-aggregation and adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. J Am Soc Nephrol 9:2048–2054PubMed
51.
Iwase H, Tanaka A, Hiki Y, Kokubo T, Sano T, Ishii-Karakasa I, Toma K, Kobayashi Y, Hotta K (1999) Mutual separation of hinge-glycopeptide isomers bearing five N-acetylgalactosamine residues from normal human serum immunoglobulin A1 by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 728:175–183PubMed
52.
Leung JC, Chan LY, Tang SC, Tam PC, Fenn J, Lai KN (2007) Glycosylation profile of differently charged IgA1 and their binding characteristics to cultured mesangial cells in IgA nephropathy. Nephron Exp Nephrol 107:e107–e118PubMed
53.
Leung JC, Tang SC, Chan DT, Lui SL, Lai KN (2002) Increased sialylation of polymeric λ-IgA1 in patients with IgA nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal 16:11–19PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Tomana M, Novak J, Julian BA, Matousovic K, Konecny K, Mestecky J (1999) Circulating immune complexes in IgA nephropathy consist of IgA1 with galactose-deficient hinge region and antiglycan antibodies. J Clin Invest 104:73–81PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Mestecky J, Suzuki H, Yanagihara T, Moldoveanu Z, Tomana M, Matousovic K, Julian BA, Novak J (2007) IgA Nephropathy: Current Views of Immune Complex Formation. In: IgA Nephropathy Today (Tomino Y, ed) Contributions to Nephrology Vol. 157, Karger Corporation, Basel, pp 56–63
56.
Suzuki H, Moldoveanu Z, Hall S, Brown R, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Tomana M, Tomino Y, Novak J, Mestecky J (2007) IgA Nephropathy: Characterization of IgG Antibodies Specific for Galactose-deficient IgA1. In: IgA Nephropathy Today (Tomino Y, ed) Contributions to Nephrology Vol. 157, Karger Corporation, Basel, pp 129–133
57.
Novak J, Julian BA, Tomana M, Mestecky J (2008) IgA glycosylation and IgA immune complexes in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 28:78–87PubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Mestecky J, Tomana M, Crowley-Nowick PA, Moldoveanu Z, Julian BA, Jackson S (1993) Defective galactosylation and clearance of IgA1 molecules as a possible etiopathogenic factor in IgA nephropathy. Contrib Nephrol 104:172–182PubMed
59.
Moura IC, Arcos-Fajardo M, Sadaka C, Leroy V, Benhamou M, Novak J, Vrtovsnik F, Haddad E, Chintalacharuvu KR, Monteiro RC (2004) Glycosylation and size of IgA1 are essential for interaction with mesangial transferrin receptor in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:622–634PubMed
60.
Davin JC, Weening JJ (2003) Diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura: renal or skin biopsy? Pediatr Nephrol 18:1201–1203PubMed
61.
Novak J, Vu HL, Novak L, Julian BA, Mestecky J, Tomana M (2002) Interactions of human mesangial cells with IgA and IgA-containing immune complexes. Kidney Int 62:465–475PubMed
62.
Kokubo T, Hiki Y, Iwase H, Horii A, Tanaka A, Nishikido J, Hotta K, Kobayashi Y (1997) Evidence for involvement of IgA1 hinge glycopeptide in the IgA1-IgA1 interaction in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 8:915–919PubMed
63.
Haddad E, Moura IC, Arcos-Fajardo M, Macher MA, Baudouin V, Alberti C, Loirat C, Monteiro RC, Peuchmaur M (2003) Enhanced expression of the CD71 mesangial IgA1 receptor in Berger disease and Henoch-Schönlein nephritis: association between CD71 expression and IgA deposits. J Am Soc Nephrol 14:327–337PubMed
64.
Kauffmann RH, Van Es LA, Daha MR (1981) The specific detection of IgA in immune complexes. J Immunol Methods 40:117–129PubMed
65.
Cederholm B, Linne T, Wieslander J, Bygren P, Heinegård D (1991) Fibronectin-immunoglobulin complexes in the early course of IgA and Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 5:200–204PubMed
66.
Conley ME, Cooper MD, Michael AF (1980) Selective deposition of immunoglobulin A1 in immunoglobulin A nephropathy, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 66:1432–1436PubMedPubMedCentral
67.
Tomino Y, Endoh M, Suga T, Miura M, Kaneshige H, Nomoto Y, Sakai H (1982) Prevalence of IgAl deposits in Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 7:527–532PubMed
68.
Lomax-Smith JD, Zabrowarny LA, Howarth GS, Seymour AE, Woodroffe AJ (1983) The immunochemical characterization of mesangial IgA deposits. Am J Pathol 113:359–364PubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Lai KN, Chui SH, Lai FM, Lam CW (1988) Predominant synthesis of IgA with lambda light chain in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 33:584–589PubMed
70.
Lai KN, To WY, Li PK, Leung JC (1996) Increased binding of polymeric lambda-IgA to cultured human mesangial cells in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 49:839–845PubMed
71.
Emancipator SN (1993) Primary and secondary forms of IgA nephritis and Schönlein-Henoch syndrome,. In: Pathology of the Kidney; edited by Heptinstall RH Toronto, London, Little, Brown pp 389–476
72.
Wyatt RJ, Kanayama Y, Julian BA, Negoro N, Sugimoto S, Hudson EC, Curd JG (1987) Complement activation in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 31:1019–1023PubMed
73.
Motoyama O, Iitaka K (2005) Henoch-Schönlein purpura with hypocomplementemia in children. Pediatr Int 47:39–42PubMed
74.
Garcia-Fuentes M, Martin A, Chantler C, Williams DG (1978) Serum complement components in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Arch Dis Child 53:417–419PubMedPubMedCentral
75.
McLean RH, Wyatt RJ, Julian BA (1984) Complement phenotypes in glomerulonephritis: increased frequency of homozygous null C4 phenotypes in IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Kidney Int 26:855–860PubMed
76.
Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Woodford SY, Wang C, Roberts J, Thompson JS, Christenson MJ, McLean RH (1991) C4A deficiency and poor prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 36:1–5PubMed
77.
Ault BH, Stapleton FB, Rivas ML, Waldo FB, Roy S 3rd, McLean RH, Bin JA, Wyatt RJ (1990) Association of Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis with C4B deficiency. J Pediatr 117:753–755PubMed
78.
Stefansson Thors V, Kolka R, Sigurdardottir SL, Edvardsson VO, Arason G, Haraldsson A (2005) Increased Frequency of C4B*Q0 Alleles in Patients with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. Scand J Immunol 61:274–278PubMed
79.
Atkinson JP (1989) Complement deficiency: predisposing factor to autoimmune syndromes. Clin Exp Rheumatol 7(Suppl 3):S95–S101PubMed
80.
Wyatt RJ (1993) The complement system in IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura: functional and genetic aspects. Contrib Nephrol 104:82–91PubMed
81.
Endo M, Ohi H, Ohsawa I, Fujita T, Matsushita M, Fujita T (1998) Glomerular deposition of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) indicates a novel mechanism of complement activation in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:1984–1990PubMed
82.
Matsuda M, Shikata K, Wada J, Sugimoto H, Shikata Y, Kawasaki T, Makino H (1998) Deposition of mannan binding protein and mannan binding protein-mediated complement activation in the glomeruli of patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephron 80:408–313PubMed
83.
Roos A, Rastaldi MP, Calvaresi N, Oortwijn BD, Schlagwein N, van Gijlswijk-Janssen DJ, Stahl GL, Matsushita M, Fujita T, van Kooten C, Daha MR (2006) Glomerular activation of the lectin pathway of complement in IgA nephropathy is associated with more severe renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1724–1734PubMed
84.
Dahl MR, Thiel S, Willis AC, Vorup-Jensen T, Christensen T, Petersen SV, Jensenius JC (2000) Mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3)-a new component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. Immunopharmacology 49:79
85.
Bussolati B, Peri G, Salvidio G, Verzola D, Mantovani A, Camussi G (2003) The long pentraxin PTX3 is synthesized in IgA glomerulonephritis and activates mesangial cells. J Immunol 170:1466–1472PubMed
86.
Nauta AJ, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A, Salvatori G, Kishore U, Schwaeble WJ, Gingras AR, Tzima S, Vivanco F, Egido J, Tijsma O, Hack EC, Daha MR, Roos A (2003) Biochemical and functional characterization of the interaction between pentraxin 3 and C1q. Eur J Immunol 33:465–473PubMed
87.
Suzuki H, Moldoveanu Z, Hall S, Brown R, Julian BA, Wyatt RJ, Tomana M, Tomino Y, Mestecky J, Novak J (2007) Cytokines regulate aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 in cell lines from patients with IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:188A
88.
Masuda M, Nakanishi K, Yoshizawa N, Iijima K, Yoshikawa N (2003) Group A streptococcal antigen in the glomeruli of children with Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 41:366–370PubMed
89.
Davin JC, Pierard G, Dechenne C, Grossman D, Nagy J, Quacoe M, Malaise M, Hall M, Jansen F, Chantraine JM, Mahieu PR (1994) Possible pathogenic role of IgE in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Nephrol 8:169–171PubMed
90.
Ehara T, Shigematsu H (1998) Contribution of mast cells to the tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA nephritis. Kidney Int 54:1675–1683PubMed
91.
Ehara T, Shigematsu H (2003) Mast cells in the kidney. Nephrology (Carlton) 8:130–138
92.
Namgoong MK, Lim BK, Kim JS (1997) Eosinophil cationic protein in Henoch-Schönlein purpura and in IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 11:703–706PubMed
93.
Kawasaki Y, Hosoya M, Suzuki H (2005) Possible pathologenic role of interleukin-5 and eosino cationic protein in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Int 47:512–517PubMed
94.
Chen Y, Zhou JH, Wu HS, Wang HW (2006) Role of mast cells and eosinophil cationic protein in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 44:407–410PubMed
95.
Kawakami T, Yamazaki M, Mizoguchi M, Soma Y (2008) High titer of serum antiphospholipid antibody levels in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura and cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis. Arthritis Rheum 59:561–567PubMed
96.
Kawasaki Y, Imaizumi T, Matsuura H, Ohara S, Takano K, Suyama K, Hashimoto K, Nozawa R, Suzuki H, Hosoya M (2008) Renal expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and c-Met in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 23:913–919PubMed
97.
Counahan R, Winterborn MH, White RH, Heaton JM, Meadow SR, Bluett NH, Swetschin H, Cameron JS, Chantler C (1977) Prognosis of Henoch-Schönlein nephritis in children. Br Med J 2:11–14PubMedPubMedCentral
98.
Silva GE, Costa RS, Ravinal RC, dos Reis MA, Dantas M, Coimbra TM (2008) Mast cells, TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA expression in IgA nephropathy. Dis Markers 24:181–190PubMedPubMedCentral
99.
Renfrow MB, Cooper HJ, Tomana M, Kulhavy R, Hiki Y, Toma K, Emmett MR, Mestecky J, Marshall AG, Novak J (2005) Determination of aberrant O-glycosylation in the IgA1 hinge region by electron capture dissociation fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 280:19136–19145PubMed
Metadata
Title
Pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
Authors
Keith K. Lau
Hitoshi Suzuki
Jan Novak
Robert J. Wyatt
Publication date
01-01-2010
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-009-1230-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Pediatric Nephrology 1/2010 Go to the issue

Editorial Commentary

Limitations of dual x-ray absorptiometry in children with chronic kidney disease

Original Article

Middle-term use of Cinacalcet in paediatric dialysis patients

Editorial

Seasons greetings and changes for the upcoming year

Original Article

The use of low-dose cyclophosphamide followed by AZA/MMF treatment in childhood lupus nephritis

Original Article

Urolithiasis in the first year of life

Brief Report

Resolution of sleep-disordered breathing in a dialysis-dependent child post-renal transplantation