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European Journal of Medical Research
Published in: European Journal of Medical Research 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Parkinson's Disease | Review

Role of GABA pathway in motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional circuit

Authors: Bandar Alharbi, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Engy Elekhnawy, Hind Alharbi, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Gaber El-Saber Batiha

Published in: European Journal of Medical Research | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease as a result of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The fundamental features of PD are motor and non-motor symptoms. PD symptoms develop due to the disruption of dopaminergic neurotransmitters and other neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The potential role of GABA in PD neuropathology concerning the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD was not precisely discussed. Therefore, this review intended to illustrate the possible role of GABA in PD neuropathology regarding motor and non-motor symptoms. The GABA pathway is essential in regulating the inhibitory tone to prevent excessive stimulation of the cerebral cortex. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD is linked with reducing GABAergic neurotransmission. Decreasing GABA activity promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which are highly related to PD neuropathology. Hence, restoring GABA activity by GABA agonists may attenuate the progression of PD motor symptoms. Therefore, dysregulation of GABAergic neurons in the SNpc contributes to developing PD motor symptoms. Besides, PD non-motor symptoms are also related to the dysfunction of the GABAergic pathway, and amelioration of this pathway may reduce PD non-motor symptoms. In conclusion, the deregulation of the GABAergic pathway in PD might be intricate in developing motor and non-motor symptoms. Improving this pathway might be a novel, beneficial approach to control PD symptoms.
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Metadata
Title
Role of GABA pathway in motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional circuit
Authors
Bandar Alharbi
Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
Ali I. Al-Gareeb
Engy Elekhnawy
Hind Alharbi
Athanasios Alexiou
Marios Papadakis
Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
European Journal of Medical Research / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2047-783X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-01779-7

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