Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Neurology
Published in: BMC Neurology 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Parkinson's Disease | Research article

Translation, adaptation and validation of the Bulgarian version of the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale

Authors: Galina Stoyanova-Piroth, Ivan Milanov, Katerina Stambolieva

Published in: BMC Neurology | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) into Bulgarian and to investigate its psychometric properties in order to provide a validated Parkinson’s disease-specific pain instrument in Bulgarian language (KPPS-BG).

Methods

Translation into Bulgarian and a cultural adaptation were performed to obtain KPPS-BG. A total of 162 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were screened for pain using the complementary to the KPPS questionnaire – King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Questionnaire (KPPQ). KPPS-BG domain and total scores were calculated and internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability were examined for 129 patients having one or more positive items in the KPPQ-BG.

Results

79.6 % of the patients reported one or more types of pain. The most common type was musculoskeletal pain (83.7 %), followed by nocturnal pain (55.0 %), fluctuation-related pain (50.1 %), radicular pain (43.4 %), chronic pain (31.0 %), discoloration, edema/swelling (27.1 %) and, oro-facial pain (14.3 %). Mean KPPS-BG total score was 21.1 ± 17.3 SD. KPPS-BG showed a good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.75). The test-retest reliability of the KPPS-BG was high and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.92, demonstrating а good repeatability. KPPS-BG total score was higher in patients with postural instability gait difficulty motor subtype, compared to tremor-dominant or indeterminate subtype. Significant positive correlations were found between KPPS-BG total score and modified H&Y, Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III.

Conclusions

The KPPS-BG constitutes a reliable, comprehensive and useful tool for pain assessment in native Bulgarian patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Literature
1.
Parkinson J. An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;14:223–36.
2.
Ha AD, Jankovic J. Pain in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2012;27:485–91.CrossRef
3.
Barone P, Antonini A, Colosimo C. et al. The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2009;24:1641–9.CrossRef
4.
Martinez-Martin P, Manuel Rojo-Abuin J, Rizos A. et al. Distribution and impact on quality of life of the pain modalities assessed by the King’s Parkinson’s disease pain scale. Npj Park Dis. 2017;3:1–6.CrossRef
5.
Politis M, Wu K, Molloy S. et al. Parkinson’s disease symptoms: The patient’s perspective. Mov Disord. 2010;25:1646–51.CrossRef
6.
O’Sullivan SS, Williams DR, Gallagher DA. et al. Nonmotor symptoms as presenting complaints in Parkinson’s disease: A clinicopathological study. Mov Disord. 2008;23:101–6.CrossRef
7.
Broen MPG, Braaksma MM, Patijn J. et al. Prevalence of pain in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review using the modified QUADAS tool. Mov Disord. 2012;27:480–4.CrossRef
8.
Juniper M, Le TK, Mladsi D. The epidemiology, economic burden, and pharmacological treatment of chronic low back pain in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK: a literature-based review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:2581–92.CrossRef
9.
Nègre-Pagès L, Regragui W, Bouhassira D. et al. Chronic pain in Parkinson’s disease: The cross-sectional French DoPaMiP survey. Mov Disord. 2008;23:1361–9.CrossRef
10.
11.
Wasner G, Deuschl G. Pains in Parkinson disease-many syndromes under one umbrella. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8:284–94.CrossRef
12.
Perez-Lloret S, Ciampi de Andrade D, Lyons KE, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Chaudhuri KR, Deuschl G. et al. Rating scales for pain in Parkinson’s disease: Critique and recommendations. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2016;3:527–37.CrossRef
13.
Mylius V, Ciampi de Andrade D, Cury RG, Teepker M, Ehrt U, Eggert KM. et al. Pain in Parkinson’s disease: Current concepts and a new diagnostic algorithm. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2015;2:357–64.CrossRef
14.
Chaudhuri KR, Rizos A, Trenkwalder C. et al. King’s Parkinson’s disease pain scale, the first scale for pain in PD: An international validation: King’s PD Pain Scale Validation. Mov Disord. 2015;30:1623–31.CrossRef
15.
Rodríguez-Violante M, Alvarado-Bolaños A, Cervantes-Arriaga A. et al. Clinical Determinants of Parkinson’s Disease-associated Pain Using the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017;4:545–51.CrossRef
16.
Silverdale MA, Kobylecki C, Kass-Iliyya L. et al. A detailed clinical study of pain in 1957 participants with early/moderate Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;56:27–32.CrossRef
17.
Mattos DC de, Filho NAM, Pedron CA, et al. Pain Characteristics and Their Relationship With Motor Dysfunction in Individuals With Parkinson Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Pract. 2019;19:732–9.
18.
Rascol O, Zesiewicz T, Chaudhuri KR. et al. A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Rotigotine Transdermal Patch on Parkinson’s Disease–Associated Chronic Pain. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;56:852–61.CrossRef
19.
Trenkwalder C, Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P. et al. Prolonged-release oxycodone–naloxone for treatment of severe pain in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PANDA): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:1161–70.CrossRef
20.
DiMarzio M, Pilitsis JG, Gee L, et al. King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale for Assessment of Pain Relief Following Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease. Neuromodulation. 2018;21(6):617–22.CrossRef
21.
Jost WH, Rizos A, Odin P. et al. King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale: Interkulturelle Adaption in deutscher Sprache. Nervenarzt. 2018;89:178–83.CrossRef
22.
Soyuer F, Gültekin M, Cankurtaran F. et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of king’s Parkinson’s disease pain scale. Neurol Sci Neurophysiol. 2020;37:57.CrossRef
23.
Behari M, Srivastava A, Achtani R, et al. Pain Assessment in Indian Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2020;23(6):774–80.PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Taghizadeh G, Joghataei MT, Goudarzi S, et al. King’s Parkinson’s disease pain scale cut-off points for detection of pain severity levels: A reliability and validity study. Neurosci Lett. 2021;6:135620.CrossRef
25.
Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, et al. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:181–4.
26.
Folstein MF, Robins LN, Helzer JE. The Mini-Mental State Examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40:812–2.CrossRef
27.
Goetz CG, Poewe W, Rascol O. et al. Movement Disorder Society Task Force report on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale: Status and recommendations The Movement Disorder Society Task Force on rating scales for Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2004;19:1020–8.CrossRef
28.
Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR. et al. Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2008;23:2129–70.CrossRef
29.
Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Burn DJ, et al. How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale: comparison with the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale. Mov Disord. 2013;28(5):668–70.CrossRef
30.
Tomlinson CL, Stowe R, Patel S. et al. Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson’s disease: Systematic Review of LED Reporting in PD. Mov Disord. 2010;25:2649–53.
31.
Martinez-Martin P, Rizos AM, Wetmore J. et al. First comprehensive tool for screening pain in Parkinson’s disease: The King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Questionnaire. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25:1255–61.
32.
Park MS, Kang KJ, Jang SJ, et al. Evaluating test-retest reliability in patient-reported outcome measures for older people: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;79:58–69.CrossRef
33.
Parmenter K, Wardle J. Evaluation and Design of Nutrition Knowledge Measures. J Nutr Educ. 2000;32:269–77.CrossRef
34.
Nunnally JC. Psychometric theory 3th ed. New York: Basic Books; 1994. 265 p.
35.
Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420–8.CrossRef
36.
Slick DJ. Psychometrics in neuropsychological assessment. In: Strauss E, Sherman E (Eds.). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006. (pp. 3–43). In.
37.
Callister LC. Cultural Influences on Pain Perceptions and Behaviors. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2003;15:207–11.CrossRef
38.
Buhmann C, Wrobel N, Grashorn W. et al. Pain in Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional survey of its prevalence, specifics, and therapy. J Neurol. 2017;264:758–69.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Translation, adaptation and validation of the Bulgarian version of the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale
Authors
Galina Stoyanova-Piroth
Ivan Milanov
Katerina Stambolieva
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Neurology / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2377
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02392-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

BMC Neurology 1/2021 Go to the issue

Research article

Burden of multiple sclerosis in Iran from 1990 to 2017

Research

Translation and validation of the Persian version of Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire in patients with multiple sclerosis

Research

Effectiveness comparisons of drug therapies for postoperative aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: network meta‑analysis and systematic review

Research article

Bibliometric analysis of bacterial central nervous system infection research in Southeast Asia

Research article

Identification of upregulated NF-κB inhibitor alpha and IRAK3 targeting lncRNA following intracranial aneurysm rupture-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage

Research article

Persistent hyperglycemia is a useful glycemic pattern to predict stroke mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis