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01-12-2020 | Parkinson's Disease | Original Article

Application of the p9NORM correction method to timed neuropsychological tests in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy

Authors: Teresa Costabile, Chiara Pane, Luisa Aurisicchio, Adriana Salvati, Maria Lieto, Silvio Peluso, Antonio Reia, Natascia De Lucia, Anna De Rosa, Alessandro Filla, Giuseppe De Michele, Francesco Saccà

Published in: Neurological Sciences | Issue 12/2020

Abstract

Objective

Timed neuropsychological tests do not take into account physical impairment during scoring procedures. Dysarthria and upper limb impairment can be easily measured with the PATA rate test (PRT) and the nine-hole pegboard test (9HPT). We recently validated a normalization method for timed neuropsychological tests using the PRT and 9HPT (p9NORM). We now validate the p9NORM in Parkinson’s disease (Yarnall et al. Neurology 82(4):308–316; 2014) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Methods

We enrolled twenty-six patients with PD, eighteen patients with MSA, and fifteen healthy controls (HC). p9NORM was applied to patients with abnormal PRT and/or 9HPT. All subjects were tested with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.

Results

No differences emerged in demographics across groups: (PD: mean age ± SD 66 ± 8; education 9 ± 4 years; MSA: age 60 ± 8; education 10 ± 4 years; HC: age 61 ± 12; education 9 ± 4 years). In MSA patients, the scores on the trail making test (TMT-A p = 0.003; TMT-B p = 0.018), attentional matrices (AM; p = 0.042), and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT p = 0.027) significantly differed following application of p9NORM. In PD patients, the TMT-A (p < 0.001), TMT-B (p = 0.001), and AM (p = 0.001) differed after correction. PD and MSA showed cognitive impairment relative to HC performance. When comparing MSA with PD, the SDMT, AM, and fluencies were similar. TMT-A and -B raw scores were different between groups (p = 0.006; p = 0.034), but these differences lost significance after p9NORM corrections (p = 0.100; p = 0.186).

Conclusions

We confirm that the p9NORM can be successfully used in both PD and MSA patients, as it mitigates the impact of disability on timed tests, resulting in a more accurate analysis of cognitive domains.

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Title: Application of the p9NORM correction method to timed neuropsychological tests in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Teresa Costabile
Chiara Pane
Luisa Aurisicchio
Adriana Salvati
Maria Lieto
Silvio Peluso
Antonio Reia
Natascia De Lucia
Anna De Rosa
Alessandro Filla
Giuseppe De Michele
Francesco Saccà
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Parkinson's Disease
Published in: Neurological Sciences / Issue 12/2020
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04478-3

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Application of the p9NORM correction method to timed neuropsychological tests in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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