Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica 4/2018

01-04-2018 | Case Report - Pediatrics

Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia appearing as high uptake on 18F–FDG PET: case report and literature review of radiographical findings

Authors: Masayuki Kameyama, Tomohiro Kawaguchi, Hidetaka Niizuma, Takenori Ogawa, Kenichi Watanabe, Toshiaki Hayashi, Kanako Sato, Masayuki Kanamori, Mika Watanabe, Yukio Katori, Shigeo Kure, Teiji Tominaga

Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica | Issue 4/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia is a rare entity, and the specific radiographical findings are unclear. We present a case of parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia examined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H–MRS) and 18F–fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F–FDG PET). Our neonate patient presented with neck mass and polyhydramnios during gestation. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the morphological characteristics, but failed to establish the diagnosis. 1H–MRS showed a non-malignant pattern, but 18F–FDG PET demonstrated high glucose metabolism. Complete resection was achieved and the histopathological diagnosis was neuroglial heterotopia. Assessment of biological activity may be useful for both preoperative diagnosis and postoperative evaluation of residual lesions.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Azumi N, Matsuno T, Tateyama M, Inoue K (1984) So-called nasal glioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 34:215–220PubMed Azumi N, Matsuno T, Tateyama M, Inoue K (1984) So-called nasal glioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 34:215–220PubMed
3.
go back to reference Behar PM, Muller S, Gerber ME, Todd NW (2001) Heterotopic neuroglial tissue causing airway obstruction in the newborn. Acta Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:997–1002CrossRef Behar PM, Muller S, Gerber ME, Todd NW (2001) Heterotopic neuroglial tissue causing airway obstruction in the newborn. Acta Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:997–1002CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Borgwardt L, Højgaard L, Carstensen H, Laursen H, Nowak M, Thomsen C, Schmiegelow K (2005) Increased fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in childhood CNS tumors is correlated with malignancy grade: a study with FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging coregistration and image fusion. J Clin Oncol 23:3030–3037CrossRefPubMed Borgwardt L, Højgaard L, Carstensen H, Laursen H, Nowak M, Thomsen C, Schmiegelow K (2005) Increased fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in childhood CNS tumors is correlated with malignancy grade: a study with FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging coregistration and image fusion. J Clin Oncol 23:3030–3037CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Broniatowski M, Witt WJ, Shah AC, Galloway PG, Abramowsky CR (1981) Glial tissue in the parapharyngeal space. Arch Otolaryngol 107:638–641CrossRefPubMed Broniatowski M, Witt WJ, Shah AC, Galloway PG, Abramowsky CR (1981) Glial tissue in the parapharyngeal space. Arch Otolaryngol 107:638–641CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Buccoliero AM, Caldarella A, Noccioli B, Fiorini P, Taddei A, Taddei GL (2002) Brain heterotopia in pharyngeal region. A morphological and immunohistochemical study. Pathol Res Pract 198:59–63CrossRefPubMed Buccoliero AM, Caldarella A, Noccioli B, Fiorini P, Taddei A, Taddei GL (2002) Brain heterotopia in pharyngeal region. A morphological and immunohistochemical study. Pathol Res Pract 198:59–63CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Cascino GD, Andermann F, Berkovic SF, Kuzniecky RI, Sharbrough FW, Keene DL, Bladin PF, Kelly PJ, Olivier A, Feindel W (1993) Gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartomas: evaluation of patients undergoing chronic intracranial EEG monitoring and outcome of surgical treatment. Neurology 43:747–750CrossRefPubMed Cascino GD, Andermann F, Berkovic SF, Kuzniecky RI, Sharbrough FW, Keene DL, Bladin PF, Kelly PJ, Olivier A, Feindel W (1993) Gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartomas: evaluation of patients undergoing chronic intracranial EEG monitoring and outcome of surgical treatment. Neurology 43:747–750CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Cerdá-Nicolás M, Sanchez Fernandez de Sevilla C, Lopez-Ginés C, Peydro-Olaya A, Llombart-Bosch A (2002) Nasal glioma or nasal glial heterotopia? Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases. Clin Neuropathol 21:66–71PubMed Cerdá-Nicolás M, Sanchez Fernandez de Sevilla C, Lopez-Ginés C, Peydro-Olaya A, Llombart-Bosch A (2002) Nasal glioma or nasal glial heterotopia? Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases. Clin Neuropathol 21:66–71PubMed
9.
go back to reference Chen CY, Huang JH, Choi WM, Chen CL, Chan WP (2005) Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia presenting as a growing single locular cyst: MR imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:96–99PubMed Chen CY, Huang JH, Choi WM, Chen CL, Chan WP (2005) Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia presenting as a growing single locular cyst: MR imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:96–99PubMed
10.
go back to reference Chen D, Dedhia K, Ozolek J, Mehta D (2016) Case series of congenital heterotopic neuroglial tissue in the parapharyngeal space. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 86:77–81CrossRefPubMed Chen D, Dedhia K, Ozolek J, Mehta D (2016) Case series of congenital heterotopic neuroglial tissue in the parapharyngeal space. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 86:77–81CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Cohen AH, Abt AB (1970) An unusual cause of neonatal respiratory obstruction: heterotopic pharyngeal brain tissue. J Pediatr 76:119–122CrossRefPubMed Cohen AH, Abt AB (1970) An unusual cause of neonatal respiratory obstruction: heterotopic pharyngeal brain tissue. J Pediatr 76:119–122CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Daouk J, Bouzerar R, Chaarani B, Zmudka J, Meyer ME, Balédent O (2016) Use of dynamic (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to investigate choroid plexus function in Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Gerontol 77:62–68CrossRefPubMed Daouk J, Bouzerar R, Chaarani B, Zmudka J, Meyer ME, Balédent O (2016) Use of dynamic (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to investigate choroid plexus function in Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Gerontol 77:62–68CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Das M, Mukherjee D, Gupta SD, Mukherjee S, Chatterjee U, Datta C (2015) Congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma causing airway obstruction in the newborn. J Cancer Res Ther 11:1040CrossRef Das M, Mukherjee D, Gupta SD, Mukherjee S, Chatterjee U, Datta C (2015) Congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma causing airway obstruction in the newborn. J Cancer Res Ther 11:1040CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Di Chiro G, DeLaPaz RL, Brooks RA, Sokoloff L, Kornblith PL, Smith BH, Patronas NJ, Kufta CV, Kessler RM, Johnston GS, Manning RG, Wolf AP (1982) Glucose utilization of cerebral gliomas measured by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Neurology 32:1323–1329CrossRefPubMed Di Chiro G, DeLaPaz RL, Brooks RA, Sokoloff L, Kornblith PL, Smith BH, Patronas NJ, Kufta CV, Kessler RM, Johnston GS, Manning RG, Wolf AP (1982) Glucose utilization of cerebral gliomas measured by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Neurology 32:1323–1329CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Dubbioso R, Pappatà S, Quarantelli M, D’Arco F, Manganelli F, Esposito M, Santoro L (2013) Atypical clinical and radiological presentation of cryptococcal choroid plexitis in an immunocompetent woman. J Neurol Sci 334:180–182CrossRefPubMed Dubbioso R, Pappatà S, Quarantelli M, D’Arco F, Manganelli F, Esposito M, Santoro L (2013) Atypical clinical and radiological presentation of cryptococcal choroid plexitis in an immunocompetent woman. J Neurol Sci 334:180–182CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Enslow MS, Zollinger LV, Morton KA, Butterfield RI, Kadrmas DJ, Christian PE, Boucher KM, Heilbrun ME, Jensen RL, Hoffman JM (2012) Comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine PET in differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent glioma. Clin Nucl Med 37:854–861CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Enslow MS, Zollinger LV, Morton KA, Butterfield RI, Kadrmas DJ, Christian PE, Boucher KM, Heilbrun ME, Jensen RL, Hoffman JM (2012) Comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine PET in differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent glioma. Clin Nucl Med 37:854–861CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Ferraz-Filho JR, Torres US, Vaz-Oliani DC, Souza AS (2012) Intracranial extracerebral neuroglial heterotopia with parapharyngeal extension: pre-natal and post-natal imaging findings. Br J Radiol 85:e41–e45CrossRefPubMed Ferraz-Filho JR, Torres US, Vaz-Oliani DC, Souza AS (2012) Intracranial extracerebral neuroglial heterotopia with parapharyngeal extension: pre-natal and post-natal imaging findings. Br J Radiol 85:e41–e45CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Forte V, Friedberg J, Thorner P, Park A (1996) Heterotopic brain in the parapharyngeal space. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 37:253–260CrossRefPubMed Forte V, Friedberg J, Thorner P, Park A (1996) Heterotopic brain in the parapharyngeal space. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 37:253–260CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Gill SS, Small RK, Thomas DG, Patel P, Porteous R, Van Bruggen N, Gadian DG, Kauppinen RA, Williams SR (1989) Brain metabolites as 1H-NMR markers of neuronal and glial disorders. NMR Biomed 2:196–200CrossRefPubMed Gill SS, Small RK, Thomas DG, Patel P, Porteous R, Van Bruggen N, Gadian DG, Kauppinen RA, Williams SR (1989) Brain metabolites as 1H-NMR markers of neuronal and glial disorders. NMR Biomed 2:196–200CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Hayashi T, Haba R, Kushida Y, Kadota K, Katsuki N, Bando K, Miyai Y, Shibuya S, Matsunaga T (2011) Cytopathologic characteristics and differential diagnostic considerations of neuroglial heterotopia of the retropharyngeal space. Diagn Cytopathol 39:857–861CrossRefPubMed Hayashi T, Haba R, Kushida Y, Kadota K, Katsuki N, Bando K, Miyai Y, Shibuya S, Matsunaga T (2011) Cytopathologic characteristics and differential diagnostic considerations of neuroglial heterotopia of the retropharyngeal space. Diagn Cytopathol 39:857–861CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Hendrickson M, Faye-Petersen O, Johnson DG (1990) Cystic and solid heterotopic brain in the face and neck: a review and report of an unusual case. J Pediatr Surg 25:766–768CrossRefPubMed Hendrickson M, Faye-Petersen O, Johnson DG (1990) Cystic and solid heterotopic brain in the face and neck: a review and report of an unusual case. J Pediatr Surg 25:766–768CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Huisman TA, Brehmer U, Zeilinger G, Stallmach T, Gysin C (2007) Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia extending through the skull base in a neonate with airway obstruction. J Pediatr Surg 42:1764–1767CrossRefPubMed Huisman TA, Brehmer U, Zeilinger G, Stallmach T, Gysin C (2007) Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia extending through the skull base in a neonate with airway obstruction. J Pediatr Surg 42:1764–1767CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Husein OF, Collins M, Kang DR (2008) Neuroglial heterotopia causing neonatal airway obstruction: presentation, management, and literature review. Eur J Pediatr 167:1351–1355CrossRefPubMed Husein OF, Collins M, Kang DR (2008) Neuroglial heterotopia causing neonatal airway obstruction: presentation, management, and literature review. Eur J Pediatr 167:1351–1355CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Kallman JE, Loevner LA, Yousem DM, Chalian AA, Lanza DC, Jin L, Hayden RE (1997) Heterotopic brain in the pterygopalatine fossa. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18:176–179PubMed Kallman JE, Loevner LA, Yousem DM, Chalian AA, Lanza DC, Jin L, Hayden RE (1997) Heterotopic brain in the pterygopalatine fossa. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18:176–179PubMed
27.
go back to reference Kawaguchi T, Kumabe T, Shimizu H, Watanabe M, Tominaga T (2005) 201Tl-SPECT and 1H-MRS study of benign lateral ventricle tumors: differential diagnosis of subependymoma. Neurosurg Rev 28:96–103CrossRefPubMed Kawaguchi T, Kumabe T, Shimizu H, Watanabe M, Tominaga T (2005) 201Tl-SPECT and 1H-MRS study of benign lateral ventricle tumors: differential diagnosis of subependymoma. Neurosurg Rev 28:96–103CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Kim DG, Choe WJ, Chang KH, Song IC, Han MH, Jung HW, Cho BK (2000) In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of central neurocytoma. Neurosurgery 46:329–334CrossRefPubMed Kim DG, Choe WJ, Chang KH, Song IC, Han MH, Jung HW, Cho BK (2000) In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of central neurocytoma. Neurosurgery 46:329–334CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Knox R, Pratt M, Garvin AJ, White B (1989) Heterotopic lingual brain in the newborn. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:630–632CrossRefPubMed Knox R, Pratt M, Garvin AJ, White B (1989) Heterotopic lingual brain in the newborn. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:630–632CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Kumabe T, Shimizu H, Sonoda Y, Shirane R (1999) Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomographic and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics of intracranial ganglioglioma: three case reports. Neurosurgery 45:183–187PubMed Kumabe T, Shimizu H, Sonoda Y, Shirane R (1999) Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomographic and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics of intracranial ganglioglioma: three case reports. Neurosurgery 45:183–187PubMed
31.
go back to reference Lee DH, Yoon TM, Lim SC, Lee JK (2014) Immature teratoma of the parapharyngeal space presenting with airway obstruction in an infant. B-ENT 10:71–73PubMed Lee DH, Yoon TM, Lim SC, Lee JK (2014) Immature teratoma of the parapharyngeal space presenting with airway obstruction in an infant. B-ENT 10:71–73PubMed
32.
go back to reference Longo D, Menchini L, Delfino LN, Lozzi S, Seganti G, Diomedi-Camassei F, Bottero S, Malena S, Fariello G (2009) Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia in Pierre Robin sequence: MR imaging findings. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 73:1308–1310CrossRefPubMed Longo D, Menchini L, Delfino LN, Lozzi S, Seganti G, Diomedi-Camassei F, Bottero S, Malena S, Fariello G (2009) Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia in Pierre Robin sequence: MR imaging findings. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 73:1308–1310CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Low NL, Scheinberg L, Andersen DH (1956) Brain tissue in the nose and throat. Pediatrics 18:254–259PubMed Low NL, Scheinberg L, Andersen DH (1956) Brain tissue in the nose and throat. Pediatrics 18:254–259PubMed
34.
go back to reference Madjidi A, Couley G (1993) Heterotopic neuroglial tissue of the face. Report of six cases and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 76:284–288CrossRefPubMed Madjidi A, Couley G (1993) Heterotopic neuroglial tissue of the face. Report of six cases and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 76:284–288CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Melo GM, Gonçalves Gdo N, Souza RA, Sguillar DA (2010) Extensive parapharyngeal and skull base neuroglial ectopia; a challenge for differential diagnosis and treatment: case report. Sao Paulo Med J 128:302–305CrossRefPubMed Melo GM, Gonçalves Gdo N, Souza RA, Sguillar DA (2010) Extensive parapharyngeal and skull base neuroglial ectopia; a challenge for differential diagnosis and treatment: case report. Sao Paulo Med J 128:302–305CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Meyer MA (2000) Temporal lobe hypometabolism ipsilateral to a hypothalamic mass. Relationship to gelastic seizures. Clin Positron Imaging 3:75–77CrossRefPubMed Meyer MA (2000) Temporal lobe hypometabolism ipsilateral to a hypothalamic mass. Relationship to gelastic seizures. Clin Positron Imaging 3:75–77CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Okeda R (1978) Heterotopic brain tissue in the submandibular region and lung. Report of two cases and comments about pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 43:217–220PubMed Okeda R (1978) Heterotopic brain tissue in the submandibular region and lung. Report of two cases and comments about pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 43:217–220PubMed
38.
go back to reference Poptani H, Gupta RK, Roy R, Pandey R, Jain VK, Chhabra DK (1995) Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:1593–1603PubMed Poptani H, Gupta RK, Roy R, Pandey R, Jain VK, Chhabra DK (1995) Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:1593–1603PubMed
39.
go back to reference Reivich M, Kuhl D, Wolf A, Greenberg J, Phelps M, Ido T, Casella V, Fowler J, Horffman E, Alavi A, Som P, Sokoloff L (1979) The [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in man. Circ Res 44:127–137CrossRefPubMed Reivich M, Kuhl D, Wolf A, Greenberg J, Phelps M, Ido T, Casella V, Fowler J, Horffman E, Alavi A, Som P, Sokoloff L (1979) The [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in man. Circ Res 44:127–137CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Ried F (1852) Ueber angeborene Hirnbrucke in den Stirn und Nasengegend. In: Rubner G (ed) Illustrirte Medizinische Zeitgung. Band 1, Heft 3. Verlag von Emil Roller, München, pp 133–141 Ried F (1852) Ueber angeborene Hirnbrucke in den Stirn und Nasengegend. In: Rubner G (ed) Illustrirte Medizinische Zeitgung. Band 1, Heft 3. Verlag von Emil Roller, München, pp 133–141
41.
go back to reference Robbins SH 3rd, Tomaszewski MM, Garcia VF, Eggli KD, d’Avis JC (1985) Heterotopic brain presenting as a cystic neck mass with mandibular deformity. Pediatr Pathol 4:341–349CrossRefPubMed Robbins SH 3rd, Tomaszewski MM, Garcia VF, Eggli KD, d’Avis JC (1985) Heterotopic brain presenting as a cystic neck mass with mandibular deformity. Pediatr Pathol 4:341–349CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Ryvlin P, Ravier C, Bouvard S, Mauguire F, Le Bars D, Arzimanoglou A, Petit J, Kahane P (2003) Positron emission tomography in epileptogenic hypothalamic hamartomas. Epileptic Disord 5:219–227PubMed Ryvlin P, Ravier C, Bouvard S, Mauguire F, Le Bars D, Arzimanoglou A, Petit J, Kahane P (2003) Positron emission tomography in epileptogenic hypothalamic hamartomas. Epileptic Disord 5:219–227PubMed
43.
go back to reference Shapiro MJ, Mix BS (1968) Heterotopic brain tissue of the palate. A report of two cases. Arch Otolaryngol 87:522–526CrossRefPubMed Shapiro MJ, Mix BS (1968) Heterotopic brain tissue of the palate. A report of two cases. Arch Otolaryngol 87:522–526CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Shimizu H, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Kayama T, Hara K, Ono Y, Sato K, Arai N, Fujiwara S, Yoshimoto T (1996) Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:737–747PubMed Shimizu H, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Kayama T, Hara K, Ono Y, Sato K, Arai N, Fujiwara S, Yoshimoto T (1996) Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:737–747PubMed
45.
go back to reference Shimizu H, Kumabe T, Shirane R, Yoshimoto T (2000) Correlation between choline level measured by proton MR spectroscopy and Ki-67 labeling index in gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:659–665PubMed Shimizu H, Kumabe T, Shirane R, Yoshimoto T (2000) Correlation between choline level measured by proton MR spectroscopy and Ki-67 labeling index in gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:659–665PubMed
46.
go back to reference Wakai S, Nakamura K, Arai T, Nagai M (1983) Extracerebral neural tissue mass in the middle cranial fossa extending into the oropharynx in a neonate. Case report. J Neurosurg 59:692–696CrossRefPubMed Wakai S, Nakamura K, Arai T, Nagai M (1983) Extracerebral neural tissue mass in the middle cranial fossa extending into the oropharynx in a neonate. Case report. J Neurosurg 59:692–696CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Wong RK, Deborah K, Veen V (2008) Presentation and management of congenital dacryocystocele. Pediatrics 122:e1108–e1112CrossRefPubMed Wong RK, Deborah K, Veen V (2008) Presentation and management of congenital dacryocystocele. Pediatrics 122:e1108–e1112CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Zook EG, Nickey WM, Pribaz JJ (1984) Heterotopic brain tissue in the scalp. Plast Reconstr Surg 73:660–663CrossRefPubMed Zook EG, Nickey WM, Pribaz JJ (1984) Heterotopic brain tissue in the scalp. Plast Reconstr Surg 73:660–663CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia appearing as high uptake on 18F–FDG PET: case report and literature review of radiographical findings
Authors
Masayuki Kameyama
Tomohiro Kawaguchi
Hidetaka Niizuma
Takenori Ogawa
Kenichi Watanabe
Toshiaki Hayashi
Kanako Sato
Masayuki Kanamori
Mika Watanabe
Yukio Katori
Shigeo Kure
Teiji Tominaga
Publication date
01-04-2018
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Acta Neurochirurgica / Issue 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0001-6268
Electronic ISSN: 0942-0940
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3403-x

Other articles of this Issue 4/2018

Acta Neurochirurgica 4/2018 Go to the issue