Top

Published in:

01-06-2021 | Minisymposium: Pediatric head and neck imaging

Paranasal sinus development and implications for imaging

Authors: Adam E. Goldman-Yassen, Karthik Meda, Nadja Kadom

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 7/2021

Abstract

Because the paranasal sinuses continue to develop throughout childhood, radiologists encounter significant anatomical variation when confronted with pediatric imaging studies. Knowledge of the stages of sinus growth is vital to differentiate normal development from abnormally large, hypoplastic or malformed sinuses. Understanding how the paranasal sinuses develop and their expected appearance at different patient ages is important for accurate interpretation of diagnostic imaging. To that end, we provide a brief review of paranasal sinus anatomy and discuss the mechanisms by which each paranasal sinus develops, as well as the implications for imaging. We also provide a practical guide for assessing normal paranasal sinuses in children based on the relationship of the sinuses to anatomical landmarks at various stages of development in order to help pediatric radiologists provide accurate interpretation of diagnostic imaging.

Keir J (2009) Why do we have paranasal sinuses? J Laryngol Otol 123:4–8PubMed

Stenner M, Rudack C (2014) Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in child. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 13:Doc10

Vaid S, Vaid N (2015) Normal anatomy and anatomic variants of the paranasal sinuses on computed tomography. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 25:527–548PubMed

O'Brien WT Sr, Hamelin S, Weitzel EK (2016) The preoperative sinus CT: avoiding a "CLOSE" call with surgical complications. Radiology 281:10–21PubMed

Wolf G, Anderhuber W, Kuhn F (1993) Development of the paranasal sinuses in children: implications for paranasal sinus surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102:705–711PubMed

Weiglein A, Anderhuber W, Wolf G (1992) Radiologic anatomy of the paranasal sinuses in the child. Surg Radiol Anat 14:335–339PubMed

Shah RK, Dhingra JK, Carter BL et al (2003) Paranasal sinus development: a radiographic study. Laryngoscope 113:205–209PubMed

Spaeth J, Krugelstein U, Schlondorff G (1997) The paranasal sinuses in CT-imaging: development from birth to age 25. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 39:25–40PubMed

Madeline LA, Elster AD (1995) Suture closure in the human chondrocranium: CT assessment. Radiology 196:747–756PubMed

10.

Scuderi AJ, Harnsberger HR, Boyer RS (1993) Pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses: normal features of importance to the accurate interpretation of CT scans and MR images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160:1101–1104PubMed

11.

Duerinckx AJ, Hall TR, Whyte AM et al (1991) Paranasal sinuses in pediatric patients by MRI: normal development and preliminary findings in disease. Eur J Radiol 13:107–112PubMed

12.

Szolar D, Preidler K, Ranner G et al (1994) The sphenoid sinus during childhood: establishment of normal developmental standards by MRI. Surg Radiol Anat 16:193–198PubMed

13.

Park IH, Song JS, Choi H et al (2010) Volumetric study in the development of paranasal sinuses by CT imaging in Asian [sic]: a pilot study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 74:1347–1350PubMed

14.

Barghouth G, Prior JO, Lepori D et al (2002) Paranasal sinuses in children: size evaluation of maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses by magnetic resonance imaging and proposal of volume index percentile curves. Eur Radiol 12:1451–1458PubMed

15.

Iwanaga J, Wilson C, Lachkar S et al (2019) Clinical anatomy of the maxillary sinus: application to sinus floor augmentation. Anat Cell Biol 52:17–24PubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Chanavaz M (1990) Maxillary sinus: anatomy, physiology, surgery, and bone grafting related to implantology — eleven years of surgical experience (1979–1990). J Oral Implantol 16:199–209PubMed

17.

Prasanna LC, Mamatha H (2010) The location of maxillary sinus ostium and its clinical application. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 62:335–337PubMed

18.

Nunez-Castruita A, Lopez-Serna N, Guzman-Lopez S (2012) Prenatal development of the maxillary sinus: a perspective for paranasal sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 146:997–1003PubMed

19.

Lawson W, Patel ZM, Lin FY (2008) The development and pathologic processes that influence maxillary sinus pneumatization. Anat Rec 291:1554–1563

20.

Lang J (1989) Clinical anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses. Thieme Medical Publishers, Stuttgart

21.

Bassiouny A, Newlands WJ, Ali H et al (1982) Maxillary sinus hypoplasia and superior orbital fissure asymmetry. Laryngoscope 92:441–448PubMed

22.

Erdem T, Aktas D, Erdem G et al (2002) Maxillary sinus hypoplasia. Rhinology 40:150–153PubMed

23.

Kass ES, Salman S, Rubin PA et al (1997) Chronic maxillary atelectasis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 106:109–116PubMed

24.

Farneti P, Sciarretta V, Macri G et al (2017) Silent sinus syndrome and maxillary sinus atelectasis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 98:150–157PubMed

25.

Brandt MG, Wright ED (2008) The silent sinus syndrome is a form of chronic maxillary atelectasis: a systematic review of all reported cases. Am J Rhinol 22:68–73PubMed

26.

Sivasubramaniam R, Sacks R, Thornton M (2011) Silent sinus syndrome: dynamic changes in the position of the orbital floor after restoration of normal sinus pressure. J Laryngol Otol 125:1239–1243PubMed

27.

Guillen DE, Pinargote PM, Guarderas JC (2013) The silent sinus syndrome: protean manifestations of a rare upper respiratory disorder revisited. Clin Mol Allergy 11:5PubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Kim HS (2010) Analysis of location and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa. J Periodontal Implant Sci 40:56–60PubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Krennmair G, Ulm CW, Lugmayr H et al (1999) The incidence, location, and height of maxillary sinus septa in the edentulous and dentate maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:667–671PubMed

30.

Kuntzler S, Jankowski R (2014) Arrested pneumatization: witness of paranasal sinuses development? Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 131:167–170PubMed

31.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Subcommittee on Management of Sinusitis, Committee on Quality Improvement (2001) Clinical practice guideline: management of sinusitis. Pediatrics 108:798–808

32.

Marquez S, Tessema B, Clement PA et al (2008) Development of the ethmoid sinus and extramural migration: the anatomical basis of this paranasal sinus. Anat Rec 291:1535–1553

33.

Chaiyasate S, Baron I, Clement P (2007) Analysis of paranasal sinus development and anatomical variations: a CT genetic study in twins. Clin Otolaryngol 32:93–97PubMed

34.

Chong V (2018) Skull base imaging. Elsevier, St. Louis

35.

Bent JP, Cuilty-Siller C, Kuhn FA (1994) The frontal cell as a cause of frontal sinus obstruction. Am J Rhinol 8:185–192

36.

Kennedy DW, Bolger WE, Zinreich SJ (2001) Diseases of the sinuses: diagnosis and management. B.C. Decker, Hamilton

37.

Mathew R, Omami G, Hand A et al (2013) Cone beam CT analysis of Haller cells: prevalence and clinical significance. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 42:20130055PubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Bolger WE, Butzin CA, Parsons DS (1991) Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope 101:56–64PubMed

39.

Keros P (1965) On the practical importance of differences in the level of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. Laryngol Otol 41:808–813

40.

Sakandar G, Haron J, Mohamad A et al (2019) Adult and pediatric lateral lamella cribriform plate height: in need for a comparative study. Allergy Rhinol 10:2152656719874775

41.

Anusha B, Baharudin A, Philip R et al (2014) Anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus and its adjacent structures: a review of existing literature. Surg Radiol Anat 36:419–427PubMed

42.

Sethi DS, Stanley RE, Pillay PK (1995) Endoscopic anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and Sella turcica. J Laryngol Otol 109:951–955PubMed

43.

Aoki S, Dillon WP, Barkovich AJ et al (1989) Marrow conversion before pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus: assessment with MR imaging. Radiology 172:373–375PubMed

44.

Welker KM, DeLone DR, Lane JI et al (2008) Arrested pneumatization of the skull base: imaging characteristics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190:1691–1696PubMed

45.

Wiebracht ND, Zimmer LA (2014) Complex anatomy of the sphenoid sinus: a radiographic study and literature review. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 75:378–382PubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Hamid O, El Fiky L, Hassan O et al (2008) Anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus and their impact on trans-sphenoid pituitary surgery. Skull Base 18:9–15PubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Ozer CM, Atalar K, Oz II et al (2018) Sphenoid sinus in relation to age, gender, and cephalometric indices. J Craniofac Surg 29:2319–2326PubMed

48.

Huang BY, Lloyd KM, DelGaudio JM et al (2009) Failed endoscopic sinus surgery: spectrum of CT findings in the frontal recess. Radiographics 29:177–195PubMed

49.

Moore K, Ross A (2017) Frontal sinus development and juvenile age estimation. Anat Rec 300:1609–1617

50.

Villarreal R, Wrobel BB, Macias-Valle LF et al (2019) International assessment of inter- and intrarater reliability of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification System. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 9:39–45

51.

Tabor Z, Karpisz D, Wojnar L et al (2009) An automatic recognition of the frontal sinus in X-ray images of skull. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56:361–368PubMed

52.

Stammberger HR, Kennedy DW, Anatomic Terminology Group (1995) Paranasal sinuses:anatomic terminology and nomenclature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 167:7–16

Title: Paranasal sinus development and implications for imaging
Authors: Adam E. Goldman-Yassen
Karthik Meda
Nadja Kadom
Publication date: 01-06-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Pediatric Radiology / Issue 7/2021
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04859-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Paranasal sinus development and implications for imaging

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 7/2021

Fe Del Mundo: an inspiration to all pediatric health professionals

123Iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy versus whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in children with high-risk neuroblastoma — pilot study

Tracheal narrowing in children and adults with mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA: evaluation with computed tomography angiography

Pediatric Bassett’s ligament: pathology or normal anatomy?

Pediatric Radiology Continuing Medical Education Activity

Hermes