Skip to main content
Top
Published in: World Journal of Surgery 3/2021

01-03-2021 | Pancreatectomy | Original Scientific Report

Comprehensive Complication Index or Clavien–Dindo Classification: Which is Better for Evaluating the Severity of Postoperative Complications Following Pancreatectomy?

Authors: Sung Hyun Kim, Ho Kyoung Hwang, Woo Jung Lee, Chang Moo Kang

Published in: World Journal of Surgery | Issue 3/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Complications are important indicators of immediate postoperative outcomes. The Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) is a widely used index for the classification of surgical complications. More recently, the comprehensive complication index (CCI) has also been introduced for classifying postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship of CCI and CDC with clinical or economic parameters.

Methods

The study prospectively enrolled patients from April 2015 to October 2016. Two hundred and twenty-two patients underwent pancreatectomy during the enrolled period. Complications were ranked according to CDC and CCI indices. After analyzing the correlation between CCI and CDC, the correlations of length of stay (LOS) and cost with CCI and CDC were compared. Finally, differences between the correlation coefficients of CDC and CCI parameters were calculated.

Results

Complications occurred in 211 patients (95.0%). The correlation between CDC and CCI was r = 0.938. (p < 0.001) Compared to the CDC, CCI showed significantly stronger correlations with LOS and cost of complications (LOS: CCI vs. CDC, r = 0.725 vs. r = 0.630, p < 0.001; cost: CCI vs. CDC, r = 0.774 vs. r = 0.723, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

CCI is a more accurate classification index, compared to CDC, for evaluating the risk of postoperative complications.
Literature
3.
go back to reference Collins TC, Daley J, Henderson WH, Khuri SF (1999) Risk factors for prolonged length of stay after major elective surgery. Ann Surg 230(2):251–259CrossRef Collins TC, Daley J, Henderson WH, Khuri SF (1999) Risk factors for prolonged length of stay after major elective surgery. Ann Surg 230(2):251–259CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Schneider EC (2002) Measuring mortality outcomes to improve health care: rational use of ratings and rankings. Med Care 40(1):1–3CrossRef Schneider EC (2002) Measuring mortality outcomes to improve health care: rational use of ratings and rankings. Med Care 40(1):1–3CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Khan NA, Quan H, Bugar JM, Lemaire JB, Brant R, Ghali WA (2006) Association of postoperative complications with hospital costs and length of stay in a tertiary care center. J Gen Intern Med 21(2):177–180CrossRef Khan NA, Quan H, Bugar JM, Lemaire JB, Brant R, Ghali WA (2006) Association of postoperative complications with hospital costs and length of stay in a tertiary care center. J Gen Intern Med 21(2):177–180CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Patel AS, Bergman A, Moore BW, Haglund U (2013) The economic burden of complications occurring in major surgical procedures: a systematic review. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 11(6):577–592CrossRef Patel AS, Bergman A, Moore BW, Haglund U (2013) The economic burden of complications occurring in major surgical procedures: a systematic review. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 11(6):577–592CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Loppenberg B, von Bodman C, Brock M, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Palisaar RJ (2014) Effect of perioperative complications and functional outcomes on health-related quality of life after radical prostatectomy. Qual Life Res 23(10):2743–2756CrossRef Loppenberg B, von Bodman C, Brock M, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Palisaar RJ (2014) Effect of perioperative complications and functional outcomes on health-related quality of life after radical prostatectomy. Qual Life Res 23(10):2743–2756CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Pinto A, Faiz O, Bicknell C, Vincent C (2013) Surgical complications and their implications for surgeons’ well-being. Br J Surg 100(13):1748–1755CrossRef Pinto A, Faiz O, Bicknell C, Vincent C (2013) Surgical complications and their implications for surgeons’ well-being. Br J Surg 100(13):1748–1755CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Lermite E, Sommacale D, Piardi T et al (2013) Complications after pancreatic resection: diagnosis, prevention and management. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 37(3):230–239CrossRef Lermite E, Sommacale D, Piardi T et al (2013) Complications after pancreatic resection: diagnosis, prevention and management. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 37(3):230–239CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Clavien PA, Sanabria JR, Strasberg SM (1992) Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in cholecystectomy. Surgery 111(5):518–526PubMed Clavien PA, Sanabria JR, Strasberg SM (1992) Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in cholecystectomy. Surgery 111(5):518–526PubMed
13.
go back to reference Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240(2):205–213CrossRef Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240(2):205–213CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Strasberg SM, Linehan DC, Hawkins WG (2009) The accordion severity grading system of surgical complications. Ann Surg 250(2):177–186CrossRef Strasberg SM, Linehan DC, Hawkins WG (2009) The accordion severity grading system of surgical complications. Ann Surg 250(2):177–186CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Slankamenac K, Graf R, Barkun J, Puhan MA, Clavien PA (2013) The comprehensive complication index: a novel continuous scale to measure surgical morbidity. Ann Surg 258(1):1–7CrossRef Slankamenac K, Graf R, Barkun J, Puhan MA, Clavien PA (2013) The comprehensive complication index: a novel continuous scale to measure surgical morbidity. Ann Surg 258(1):1–7CrossRef
16.
go back to reference DeOliveira ML, Winter JM, Schafer M et al (2006) Assessment of complications after pancreatic surgery: A novel grading system applied to 633 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 244(6):931–937; discussion 937–939. DeOliveira ML, Winter JM, Schafer M et al (2006) Assessment of complications after pancreatic surgery: A novel grading system applied to 633 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 244(6):931–937; discussion 937–939.
17.
go back to reference Pessaux P, Sauvanet A, Mariette C et al (2011) External pancreatic duct stent decreases pancreatic fistula rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy: prospective multicenter randomized trial. Ann Surg 253(5):879–885CrossRef Pessaux P, Sauvanet A, Mariette C et al (2011) External pancreatic duct stent decreases pancreatic fistula rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy: prospective multicenter randomized trial. Ann Surg 253(5):879–885CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Oberkofler CE, Rickenbacher A, Raptis DA et al (2012) A multicenter randomized clinical trial of primary anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure for perforated left colonic diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis. Ann Surg 256(5):819–826; discussion 826–817. Oberkofler CE, Rickenbacher A, Raptis DA et al (2012) A multicenter randomized clinical trial of primary anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure for perforated left colonic diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis. Ann Surg 256(5):819–826; discussion 826–817.
19.
go back to reference Slankamenac K, Nederlof N, Pessaux P et al (2014) The comprehensive complication index: a novel and more sensitive endpoint for assessing outcome and reducing sample size in randomized controlled trials. Ann Surg 260(5):757–762; discussion 762–753. Slankamenac K, Nederlof N, Pessaux P et al (2014) The comprehensive complication index: a novel and more sensitive endpoint for assessing outcome and reducing sample size in randomized controlled trials. Ann Surg 260(5):757–762; discussion 762–753.
20.
go back to reference Slaman AE, Lagarde SM, Gisbertz SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI (2015) A quantified scoring system for postoperative complication severity compared to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Dig Surg 32(5):361–366CrossRef Slaman AE, Lagarde SM, Gisbertz SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI (2015) A quantified scoring system for postoperative complication severity compared to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Dig Surg 32(5):361–366CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Antonacci AC, Lam S, Lavarias V, Homel P, Eavey RD (2008) A morbidity and mortality conference-based classification system for adverse events: surgical outcome analysis: part I. J Surg Res 147(2):172–177CrossRef Antonacci AC, Lam S, Lavarias V, Homel P, Eavey RD (2008) A morbidity and mortality conference-based classification system for adverse events: surgical outcome analysis: part I. J Surg Res 147(2):172–177CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Bassi C, Marchegiani G, Dervenis C et al (2017) The 2016 update of the International Study Group (ISGPS) definition and grading of postoperative pancreatic fistula: 11 Years After. Surgery 161(3):584–591CrossRef Bassi C, Marchegiani G, Dervenis C et al (2017) The 2016 update of the International Study Group (ISGPS) definition and grading of postoperative pancreatic fistula: 11 Years After. Surgery 161(3):584–591CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Fiore JF Jr, Browning L, Bialocerkowski A, Gruen RL, Faragher IG, Denehy L (2012) Hospital discharge criteria following colorectal surgery: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 14(3):270–281CrossRef Fiore JF Jr, Browning L, Bialocerkowski A, Gruen RL, Faragher IG, Denehy L (2012) Hospital discharge criteria following colorectal surgery: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 14(3):270–281CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Evans JD (1996) Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences. Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., Pacific Grove Evans JD (1996) Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences. Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., Pacific Grove
25.
go back to reference Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML et al (2009) The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg 250(2):187–196CrossRef Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML et al (2009) The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg 250(2):187–196CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Grobmyer SR, Pieracci FM, Allen PJ, Brennan MF, Jaques DP (2007) Defining morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy: use of a prospective complication grading system. J Am Coll Surg 204(3):356–364CrossRef Grobmyer SR, Pieracci FM, Allen PJ, Brennan MF, Jaques DP (2007) Defining morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy: use of a prospective complication grading system. J Am Coll Surg 204(3):356–364CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Mbah N, Brown RE, St Hill CR et al (2012) Impact of post-operative complications on quality of life after pancreatectomy. Jop 13(4):387–393PubMed Mbah N, Brown RE, St Hill CR et al (2012) Impact of post-operative complications on quality of life after pancreatectomy. Jop 13(4):387–393PubMed
28.
go back to reference Staiger RD, Cimino M, Javed A et al (2018) The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI(R)) is a novel cost assessment tool for surgical procedures. Ann Surg 268(5):784–791CrossRef Staiger RD, Cimino M, Javed A et al (2018) The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI(R)) is a novel cost assessment tool for surgical procedures. Ann Surg 268(5):784–791CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Bosma E, Pullens MJ, de Vries J, Roukema JA (2016) The impact of complications on quality of life following colorectal surgery: a prospective cohort study to evaluate the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Colorectal Dis 18(6):594–602CrossRef Bosma E, Pullens MJ, de Vries J, Roukema JA (2016) The impact of complications on quality of life following colorectal surgery: a prospective cohort study to evaluate the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Colorectal Dis 18(6):594–602CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Martin RC 2nd, Brennan MF, Jaques DP (2002) Quality of complication reporting in the surgical literature. Ann Surg 235(6):803–813CrossRef Martin RC 2nd, Brennan MF, Jaques DP (2002) Quality of complication reporting in the surgical literature. Ann Surg 235(6):803–813CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Hu Z, Melton GB, Moeller ND et al (2016) Accelerating chart review using automated methods on electronic health record data for postoperative complications. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2016:1822–1831PubMed Hu Z, Melton GB, Moeller ND et al (2016) Accelerating chart review using automated methods on electronic health record data for postoperative complications. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2016:1822–1831PubMed
32.
go back to reference Murff HJ, FitzHenry F, Matheny ME et al (2011) Automated identification of postoperative complications within an electronic medical record using natural language processing. JAMA 306(8):848–855CrossRef Murff HJ, FitzHenry F, Matheny ME et al (2011) Automated identification of postoperative complications within an electronic medical record using natural language processing. JAMA 306(8):848–855CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Min L, Liu J, Lu X, Duan H, Qiao Q (2016) An implementation of clinical data repository with openEHR approach: from data modeling to architecture. Stud Health Technol Inform 227:100–105PubMed Min L, Liu J, Lu X, Duan H, Qiao Q (2016) An implementation of clinical data repository with openEHR approach: from data modeling to architecture. Stud Health Technol Inform 227:100–105PubMed
Metadata
Title
Comprehensive Complication Index or Clavien–Dindo Classification: Which is Better for Evaluating the Severity of Postoperative Complications Following Pancreatectomy?
Authors
Sung Hyun Kim
Ho Kyoung Hwang
Woo Jung Lee
Chang Moo Kang
Publication date
01-03-2021
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Keyword
Pancreatectomy
Published in
World Journal of Surgery / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05859-7

Other articles of this Issue 3/2021

World Journal of Surgery 3/2021 Go to the issue