Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Debate

Pain as a global public health priority

Authors: Daniel S Goldberg, Summer J McGee

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Pain is an enormous problem globally. Estimates suggest that 20% of adults suffer from pain globally and 10% are newly diagnosed with chronic pain each year. Nevertheless, the problem of pain has primarily been regarded as a medical problem, and has been little addressed by the field of public health.

Discussion

Despite the ubiquity of pain, whether acute, chronic or intermittent, public health scholars and practitioners have not addressed this issue as a public health problem. The importance of viewing pain through a public health lens allows one to understand pain as a multifaceted, interdisciplinary problem for which many of the causes are the social determinants of health. Addressing pain as a global public health issue will also aid in priority setting and formulating public health policy to address this problem, which, like most other chronic non-communicable diseases, is growing both in absolute numbers and in its inequitable distribution across the globe.

Summary

The prevalence, incidence, and vast social and health consequences of global pain requires that the public health community give due attention to this issue. Doing so will mean that health care providers and public health professionals will have a more comprehensive understanding of pain and the appropriate public health and social policy responses to this problem.
Literature
2.
go back to reference McGee SJ, Kaylor BD, Emmott H, Christopher MJ: Defining the landscape for chronic pain ethics. Pain Med. McGee SJ, Kaylor BD, Emmott H, Christopher MJ: Defining the landscape for chronic pain ethics. Pain Med.
3.
5.
go back to reference Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon GE, Gater R: Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization Study in Primary Care. JAMA. 1998, 280 (2): 147-51. 10.1001/jama.280.2.147.PubMed Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon GE, Gater R: Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization Study in Primary Care. JAMA. 1998, 280 (2): 147-51. 10.1001/jama.280.2.147.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Harstall C, Ospina M: How prevalent is chronic pain?. Pain Clinical Updates. 2003, 11 (2): 1-4. Harstall C, Ospina M: How prevalent is chronic pain?. Pain Clinical Updates. 2003, 11 (2): 1-4.
8.
go back to reference Reid KJ, Harker J, Bala MM, Truyers C, Kellen E, Bekkering GE, Kleijnen J: Epidemiology of chronic non-cancer pain in Europe: narrative review of prevalence, pain treatments and pain impact. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011, 27 (2): 449-62. 10.1185/03007995.2010.545813.PubMed Reid KJ, Harker J, Bala MM, Truyers C, Kellen E, Bekkering GE, Kleijnen J: Epidemiology of chronic non-cancer pain in Europe: narrative review of prevalence, pain treatments and pain impact. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011, 27 (2): 449-62. 10.1185/03007995.2010.545813.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D: Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006, 10 (4): 287-333. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009.PubMed Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D: Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006, 10 (4): 287-333. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Breivik H, Cherny N, Collett B, de Conno F, Filbet M, Foubert AJ, Cohen R, Dow L: Cancer-related pain: a pan-European survey of prevalence, treatment, and patient attitudes. Ann Oncology. 2009, 20 (8): 1420-33. 10.1093/annonc/mdp001. Breivik H, Cherny N, Collett B, de Conno F, Filbet M, Foubert AJ, Cohen R, Dow L: Cancer-related pain: a pan-European survey of prevalence, treatment, and patient attitudes. Ann Oncology. 2009, 20 (8): 1420-33. 10.1093/annonc/mdp001.
11.
go back to reference Foley K: How well is cancer pain treated?. Palliative Med. 2011, 25 (6): 398-401. Foley K: How well is cancer pain treated?. Palliative Med. 2011, 25 (6): 398-401.
12.
go back to reference Gureje O, Simon GE, Von Korff M: A cross-national study of the course of persistent pain in primary care. Pain. 2001, 9 (1-2): 195-200. Gureje O, Simon GE, Von Korff M: A cross-national study of the course of persistent pain in primary care. Pain. 2001, 9 (1-2): 195-200.
13.
go back to reference Taylor AL: Addressing the global tragedy of needless pain: rethinking the United Nations single convention on narcotic drugs. J Law Med Ethics. 2007, 35 (4): 556-70. 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00180.x. 556PubMed Taylor AL: Addressing the global tragedy of needless pain: rethinking the United Nations single convention on narcotic drugs. J Law Med Ethics. 2007, 35 (4): 556-70. 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00180.x. 556PubMed
14.
go back to reference Kato K, Sullivan PF, Evengård B, Pedersen NL: Chronic widespread pain and its comorbidities: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166 (15): 1649-54. 10.1001/archinte.166.15.1649.PubMed Kato K, Sullivan PF, Evengård B, Pedersen NL: Chronic widespread pain and its comorbidities: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166 (15): 1649-54. 10.1001/archinte.166.15.1649.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Krein SL, Heisler M, Piette JD, Makki F, Kerr EA: The effect of chronic pain on diabetes patients' self-management. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28 (1): 65-70. 10.2337/diacare.28.1.65.PubMed Krein SL, Heisler M, Piette JD, Makki F, Kerr EA: The effect of chronic pain on diabetes patients' self-management. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28 (1): 65-70. 10.2337/diacare.28.1.65.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Piette JD, Kerr EA: The impact of comorbid chronic conditions on diabetes care. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29 (3): 725-31. 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-2078.PubMed Piette JD, Kerr EA: The impact of comorbid chronic conditions on diabetes care. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29 (3): 725-31. 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-2078.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Lee S, Tsang A, Huang YQ, Zhang MY, Liu ZR, He YL, Von Korff M, Kessler RC: Arthritis and physical-mental comorbidity in metropolitan China. J Psychosom Res. 2007, 63 (1): 1-7. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.01.007.PubMed Lee S, Tsang A, Huang YQ, Zhang MY, Liu ZR, He YL, Von Korff M, Kessler RC: Arthritis and physical-mental comorbidity in metropolitan China. J Psychosom Res. 2007, 63 (1): 1-7. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.01.007.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K: Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med. 2003, 163 (20): 2433-45. 10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433.PubMed Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K: Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med. 2003, 163 (20): 2433-45. 10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Arnow BA, Hunkeler EM, Blasey CM, Lee J, Constantino MJ, Fireman B, Kraemer HC, Dea R, Robinson R, Hayward C: Comorbid depression, chronic pain, and disability in primary care. Psychosom Med. 2006, 68 (2): 262-8. 10.1097/01.psy.0000204851.15499.fc.PubMed Arnow BA, Hunkeler EM, Blasey CM, Lee J, Constantino MJ, Fireman B, Kraemer HC, Dea R, Robinson R, Hayward C: Comorbid depression, chronic pain, and disability in primary care. Psychosom Med. 2006, 68 (2): 262-8. 10.1097/01.psy.0000204851.15499.fc.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO: Is comorbidity in adolescence a predictor for adult low back pain? A prospective study of a young population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006, 7: 29-10.1186/1471-2474-7-29.PubMedPubMedCentral Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO: Is comorbidity in adolescence a predictor for adult low back pain? A prospective study of a young population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006, 7: 29-10.1186/1471-2474-7-29.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
go back to reference Daar AS, Singer PA, Persad DL, Pramming SK, Matthews DR, Beaglehole R, Bernstein A, Borysiewicz LK, Colagiuri S, Ganguly N, Glass RI, Finegood DT, Koplan J, Nabel EG, Sarna G, Sarrafzadegan N, Smith R, Yach D, Bell J: Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases. Nature. 2007, 450: 494-96. 10.1038/450494a.PubMed Daar AS, Singer PA, Persad DL, Pramming SK, Matthews DR, Beaglehole R, Bernstein A, Borysiewicz LK, Colagiuri S, Ganguly N, Glass RI, Finegood DT, Koplan J, Nabel EG, Sarna G, Sarrafzadegan N, Smith R, Yach D, Bell J: Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases. Nature. 2007, 450: 494-96. 10.1038/450494a.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Mäkelä M, Heliövaara M, Sievers K, Impivaara O, Knekt P, Aromaa A: Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of chronic neck pain in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1991, 134 (11): 1356-67.PubMed Mäkelä M, Heliövaara M, Sievers K, Impivaara O, Knekt P, Aromaa A: Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of chronic neck pain in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1991, 134 (11): 1356-67.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Heliövaara M, Mäkelä M, Knekt P, Impivaara O, Aromaa A: Determinants of sciatica and low-back pain. Spine. 1991, 16 (6): 608-14. 10.1097/00007632-199106000-00002.PubMed Heliövaara M, Mäkelä M, Knekt P, Impivaara O, Aromaa A: Determinants of sciatica and low-back pain. Spine. 1991, 16 (6): 608-14. 10.1097/00007632-199106000-00002.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Brekke M, Hjortdahl P, Kvien TK: Severity of musculoskeletal pain: relations to socioeconomic inequality. Soc Sci Med. 2002, 54 (2): 221-8. 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00018-1.PubMed Brekke M, Hjortdahl P, Kvien TK: Severity of musculoskeletal pain: relations to socioeconomic inequality. Soc Sci Med. 2002, 54 (2): 221-8. 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00018-1.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Day MA, Thorn BE: The relationship of demographic and psychosocial variables to pain-related outcomes in a rural chronic pain population. Pain. 2010, 151 (2): 467-74. 10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.015.PubMedPubMedCentral Day MA, Thorn BE: The relationship of demographic and psychosocial variables to pain-related outcomes in a rural chronic pain population. Pain. 2010, 151 (2): 467-74. 10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.015.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Saastamoinen P, Leino-Arjas P, Laaksonen M, Lahelma E: Socio-economic differences in the prevalence of acute, chronic and disabling chronic pain among ageing employees. Pain. 2005, 114 (3): 364-71. 10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.033.PubMed Saastamoinen P, Leino-Arjas P, Laaksonen M, Lahelma E: Socio-economic differences in the prevalence of acute, chronic and disabling chronic pain among ageing employees. Pain. 2005, 114 (3): 364-71. 10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.033.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Fuentes M, Hart-Johnson T, Green CR: The association among neighborhood socioeconomic status, race and chronic pain in black and white older adults. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007, 99 (10): 1160-9.PubMedPubMedCentral Fuentes M, Hart-Johnson T, Green CR: The association among neighborhood socioeconomic status, race and chronic pain in black and white older adults. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007, 99 (10): 1160-9.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
go back to reference Green CR, Hart-Johnson T: The impact of chronic pain on the health of black and white men. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010, 102 (4): 321-31.PubMed Green CR, Hart-Johnson T: The impact of chronic pain on the health of black and white men. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010, 102 (4): 321-31.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Roth RS, Punch MR, Bachman JE: Educational achievement and pain disability among women with chronic pelvic pain. J Psychosom Res. 2001, 51 (4): 563-9. 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00242-2.PubMed Roth RS, Punch MR, Bachman JE: Educational achievement and pain disability among women with chronic pelvic pain. J Psychosom Res. 2001, 51 (4): 563-9. 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00242-2.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Borrell LN, Nguyen N: Racial/ethnic disparities in all-cause mortality in U.S. adults: the effect of allostatic load. Pub Health Rep. 2010, 125 (6): 810-16. Borrell LN, Nguyen N: Racial/ethnic disparities in all-cause mortality in U.S. adults: the effect of allostatic load. Pub Health Rep. 2010, 125 (6): 810-16.
33.
go back to reference Brunner E, Marmot M: Social organization, stress, and health. Social Determinants of Health. Edited by: Marmot M., Wilkinson RG. 2006, New York: Oxford University Press, 6-30. 2 Brunner E, Marmot M: Social organization, stress, and health. Social Determinants of Health. Edited by: Marmot M., Wilkinson RG. 2006, New York: Oxford University Press, 6-30. 2
34.
go back to reference Dorner TE, Muckenhuber J, Stronegger WJ, Ràsky E, Gustorff B, Freidl W: The impact of socio-economic status on pain and the perception of disability due to pain. Eur J Pain. 2011, 15 (1): 103-9. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.05.013.PubMed Dorner TE, Muckenhuber J, Stronegger WJ, Ràsky E, Gustorff B, Freidl W: The impact of socio-economic status on pain and the perception of disability due to pain. Eur J Pain. 2011, 15 (1): 103-9. 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.05.013.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Rios R, Zautra AJ: Socioeconomic disparities in pain: the role of economic hardship and daily financial worry. Health Psychol. 2011, 30 (1): 58-66.PubMedPubMedCentral Rios R, Zautra AJ: Socioeconomic disparities in pain: the role of economic hardship and daily financial worry. Health Psychol. 2011, 30 (1): 58-66.PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Sá KN, Pereira Cde M, Souza RC, Baptista AF, Lessa I: Knee pain prevalence and associated factors in a Brazilian population study. Pain Med. 2011, 12 (3): 394-402. 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01063.x.PubMed Sá KN, Pereira Cde M, Souza RC, Baptista AF, Lessa I: Knee pain prevalence and associated factors in a Brazilian population study. Pain Med. 2011, 12 (3): 394-402. 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01063.x.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Graham H: Social determinants and their unequal distribution: clarifying policy understandings. Milbank Quart. 2004, 82 (1): 101-24. 10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00303.x. Graham H: Social determinants and their unequal distribution: clarifying policy understandings. Milbank Quart. 2004, 82 (1): 101-24. 10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00303.x.
38.
go back to reference O'Rand AM: The precious and the precocious: understanding cumulative disadvantage and cumulative advantage over the life course. Gerontologist. 1996, 36 (2): 230-8. 10.1093/geront/36.2.230.PubMed O'Rand AM: The precious and the precocious: understanding cumulative disadvantage and cumulative advantage over the life course. Gerontologist. 1996, 36 (2): 230-8. 10.1093/geront/36.2.230.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Navarro V: What we mean by social determinants of health. Int J Health Serv. 2009, 39 (3): 423-41. 10.2190/HS.39.3.a.PubMed Navarro V: What we mean by social determinants of health. Int J Health Serv. 2009, 39 (3): 423-41. 10.2190/HS.39.3.a.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Lantz PM, Lichtenstein RL, Pollack HA: Health policy approaches to population health: the limits of medicalization. Health Aff. 2007, 26 (5): 1253-7. 10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1253. Lantz PM, Lichtenstein RL, Pollack HA: Health policy approaches to population health: the limits of medicalization. Health Aff. 2007, 26 (5): 1253-7. 10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1253.
44.
go back to reference California Newsreel Productions: Unnatural Causes. 2008 California Newsreel Productions: Unnatural Causes. 2008
45.
go back to reference Rose G: Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol. 1985, 14 (1): 32-8. 10.1093/ije/14.1.32.PubMed Rose G: Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol. 1985, 14 (1): 32-8. 10.1093/ije/14.1.32.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Benach J, Malmusi D, Yasui Y, Martínez JM, Muntaner C: Beyond Rose's strategies: a typology of scenarios of policy impact on population health and health inequalities. Int J Health Serv. 2011, 41 (1): 1-9. 10.2190/HS.41.1.a.PubMed Benach J, Malmusi D, Yasui Y, Martínez JM, Muntaner C: Beyond Rose's strategies: a typology of scenarios of policy impact on population health and health inequalities. Int J Health Serv. 2011, 41 (1): 1-9. 10.2190/HS.41.1.a.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Pain as a global public health priority
Authors
Daniel S Goldberg
Summer J McGee
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-770

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

BMC Public Health 1/2011 Go to the issue