Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 4/2016

01-04-2016 | Educational Review

Paediatric obesity and renal transplantation: current challenges and solutions

Authors: John D. Terrace, Gabriel C. Oniscu

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 4/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

The increased incidence of obesity in the paediatric population poses significant challenges to renal transplantation. Whilst the body mass index appears to be widely used as a measure of obesity in adults, there are no standardised definitions in the paediatric population, making comparative analyses difficult. In the paediatric transplant population, obesity is associated with an increased incidence of surgical complications, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular morbidity, leading to diminished graft function and impacting patient and graft survival. Management of obesity in renal transplantation requires multiple interventions starting with life-style and behavioural modification combined with medical and possibly surgical therapies, representing a unique challenge in the childhood setting. In this review we discuss the current challenges of obesity and potential solutions in the setting of paediatric transplantation.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Cadwell BL, Imperatore G, Williams DE, Flegal KM, Narayan KM, Williamson DF (2005) Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA 293(15):1868–1874CrossRefPubMed Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Cadwell BL, Imperatore G, Williams DE, Flegal KM, Narayan KM, Williamson DF (2005) Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA 293(15):1868–1874CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Friedman AN, Miskulin DC, Rosenberg IH, Levey AS (2003) Demographics and trends in overweight and obesity in patients at time of kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 41(2):480–487CrossRefPubMed Friedman AN, Miskulin DC, Rosenberg IH, Levey AS (2003) Demographics and trends in overweight and obesity in patients at time of kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 41(2):480–487CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Lentine KL, Delos SR, Axelrod D, Schnitzler MA, Brennan DC, Tuttle-Newhall JE (2012) Obesity and kidney transplant candidates: how big is too big for transplantation? Am J Nephrol 36(6):575–586CrossRefPubMed Lentine KL, Delos SR, Axelrod D, Schnitzler MA, Brennan DC, Tuttle-Newhall JE (2012) Obesity and kidney transplant candidates: how big is too big for transplantation? Am J Nephrol 36(6):575–586CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Cole TJ, Faith MS, Pietrobelli A, Heo M (2005) What is the best measure of adiposity change in growing children: BMI, BMI %, BMI z-score or BMI centile? Eur J Clin Nutr 59(3):419–425 Cole TJ, Faith MS, Pietrobelli A, Heo M (2005) What is the best measure of adiposity change in growing children: BMI, BMI %, BMI z-score or BMI centile? Eur J Clin Nutr 59(3):419–425
6.
go back to reference Denburg MR, Pradhan M, Shults J, Jones A, Palmer JA, Baluarte HJ, Leonard MB (2010) Longitudinal relations between obesity and hypertension following pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25(10):2129–2139CrossRefPubMed Denburg MR, Pradhan M, Shults J, Jones A, Palmer JA, Baluarte HJ, Leonard MB (2010) Longitudinal relations between obesity and hypertension following pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25(10):2129–2139CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Mitsnefes MM, Khoury P, McEnery PT (2002) Body mass index and allograft function in pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 17(7):535–539CrossRefPubMed Mitsnefes MM, Khoury P, McEnery PT (2002) Body mass index and allograft function in pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 17(7):535–539CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Foster BJ, Martz K, Gowrishankar M, Stablein D, Al-Uzri A (2010) Weight and height changes and factors associated with greater weight and height gains after pediatric renal transplantation: a NAPRTCS study. Transplantation 89(9):1103–1112CrossRefPubMed Foster BJ, Martz K, Gowrishankar M, Stablein D, Al-Uzri A (2010) Weight and height changes and factors associated with greater weight and height gains after pediatric renal transplantation: a NAPRTCS study. Transplantation 89(9):1103–1112CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320(7244):1240–1243PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320(7244):1240–1243PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Degi AA, Kis E, Kerti A, Cseprekal O, Szabo AJ, Reusz GS (2014) Prevalence of obesity and metabolic changes after kidney transplantation: Hungarian pediatric cohort study. Transplant Proc 46(6):2160–2163CrossRefPubMed Degi AA, Kis E, Kerti A, Cseprekal O, Szabo AJ, Reusz GS (2014) Prevalence of obesity and metabolic changes after kidney transplantation: Hungarian pediatric cohort study. Transplant Proc 46(6):2160–2163CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Akolekar D, Oniscu GC, Forsythe JL (2008) Variations in the assessment practice for renal transplantation across the United Kingdom. Transplantation 85(3):407–410PubMed Akolekar D, Oniscu GC, Forsythe JL (2008) Variations in the assessment practice for renal transplantation across the United Kingdom. Transplantation 85(3):407–410PubMed
12.
go back to reference Segev DL, Simpkins CE, Thompson RE, Locke JE, Warren DS, Montgomery RA (2008) Obesity impacts access to kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 19(2):349–355PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Segev DL, Simpkins CE, Thompson RE, Locke JE, Warren DS, Montgomery RA (2008) Obesity impacts access to kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 19(2):349–355PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Stenvinkel P, Ikizler TA, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C (2013) Obesity and nephrology: results of a knowledge and practice pattern survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28(4):iv99–iv104PubMed Stenvinkel P, Ikizler TA, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C (2013) Obesity and nephrology: results of a knowledge and practice pattern survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28(4):iv99–iv104PubMed
14.
go back to reference Lynch RJ, Ranney DN, Shijie C, Lee DS, Samala N, Englesbe MJ (2009) Obesity, surgical site infection, and outcome following renal transplantation. Ann Surg 250(6):1014–1020CrossRefPubMed Lynch RJ, Ranney DN, Shijie C, Lee DS, Samala N, Englesbe MJ (2009) Obesity, surgical site infection, and outcome following renal transplantation. Ann Surg 250(6):1014–1020CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Humar A, Ramcharan T, Denny R, Gillingham KJ, Payne WD, Matas AJ (2001) Are wound complications after a kidney transplant more common with modern immunosuppression? Transplantation 72(12):1920–1923CrossRefPubMed Humar A, Ramcharan T, Denny R, Gillingham KJ, Payne WD, Matas AJ (2001) Are wound complications after a kidney transplant more common with modern immunosuppression? Transplantation 72(12):1920–1923CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Giessing M, Budde K (2003) Sirolimus and lymphocele formation after kidney transplantation: an immunosuppressive medication as co-factor for a surgical problem? Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(2):448–449CrossRefPubMed Giessing M, Budde K (2003) Sirolimus and lymphocele formation after kidney transplantation: an immunosuppressive medication as co-factor for a surgical problem? Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(2):448–449CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Cannon RM, Jones CM, Hughes MG, Eng M, Marvin MR (2013) The impact of recipient obesity on outcomes after renal transplantation. Ann Surg 257(5):978–984CrossRefPubMed Cannon RM, Jones CM, Hughes MG, Eng M, Marvin MR (2013) The impact of recipient obesity on outcomes after renal transplantation. Ann Surg 257(5):978–984CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Doshi MD, Garg N, Reese PP, Parikh CR (2011) Recipient risk factors associated with delayed graft function: a paired kidney analysis. Transplantation 91(6):666–671CrossRefPubMed Doshi MD, Garg N, Reese PP, Parikh CR (2011) Recipient risk factors associated with delayed graft function: a paired kidney analysis. Transplantation 91(6):666–671CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Gore JL, Pham PT, Danovitch GM, Wilkinson AH, Rosenthal JT, Lipshutz GS, Singer JS (2006) Obesity and outcome following renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 6(2):357–363CrossRefPubMed Gore JL, Pham PT, Danovitch GM, Wilkinson AH, Rosenthal JT, Lipshutz GS, Singer JS (2006) Obesity and outcome following renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 6(2):357–363CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Molnar MZ, Kovesdy CP, Mucsi I, Bunnapradist S, Streja E, Krishnan M, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2011) Higher recipient body mass index is associated with post-transplant delayed kidney graft function. Kidney Int 80(2):218–224CrossRefPubMed Molnar MZ, Kovesdy CP, Mucsi I, Bunnapradist S, Streja E, Krishnan M, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2011) Higher recipient body mass index is associated with post-transplant delayed kidney graft function. Kidney Int 80(2):218–224CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Nicoletto BB, Fonseca NK, Manfro RC, Goncalves LF, Leitao CB, Souza GC (2014) Effects of obesity on kidney transplantation outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation 98(2):167–176CrossRefPubMed Nicoletto BB, Fonseca NK, Manfro RC, Goncalves LF, Leitao CB, Souza GC (2014) Effects of obesity on kidney transplantation outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation 98(2):167–176CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Weissenbacher A, Jara M, Ulmer H, Biebl M, Bosmuller C, Schneeberger S, Mayer G, Pratschke J, Öllinger R (2012) Recipient and donor body mass index as important risk factors for delayed kidney graft function. Transplantation 93(5):524–529CrossRefPubMed Weissenbacher A, Jara M, Ulmer H, Biebl M, Bosmuller C, Schneeberger S, Mayer G, Pratschke J, Öllinger R (2012) Recipient and donor body mass index as important risk factors for delayed kidney graft function. Transplantation 93(5):524–529CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Hanevold CD, Ho PL, Talley L, Mitsnefes MM (2005) Obesity and renal transplant outcome: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study. Pediatrics 115(2):352–356CrossRefPubMed Hanevold CD, Ho PL, Talley L, Mitsnefes MM (2005) Obesity and renal transplant outcome: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study. Pediatrics 115(2):352–356CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Plumb LA, Pitcher D, Tse Y, Shield JP, Inward C, Sinha MD (2014) Longitudinal changes in body mass index following renal transplantation in UK children. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(1):196–203CrossRefPubMed Plumb LA, Pitcher D, Tse Y, Shield JP, Inward C, Sinha MD (2014) Longitudinal changes in body mass index following renal transplantation in UK children. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29(1):196–203CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Chang SH, Coates PT, McDonald SP (2007) Effects of body mass index at transplant on outcomes of kidney transplantation. Transplantation 84(8):981–987CrossRefPubMed Chang SH, Coates PT, McDonald SP (2007) Effects of body mass index at transplant on outcomes of kidney transplantation. Transplantation 84(8):981–987CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Curran SP, Famure O, Li Y, Kim SJ (2014) Increased recipient body mass index is associated with acute rejection and other adverse outcomes after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 97(1):64–70CrossRefPubMed Curran SP, Famure O, Li Y, Kim SJ (2014) Increased recipient body mass index is associated with acute rejection and other adverse outcomes after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 97(1):64–70CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Meier-Kriesche HU, Arndorfer JA, Kaplan B (2002) The impact of body mass index on renal transplant outcomes: a significant independent risk factor for graft failure and patient death. Transplantation 73(1):70–74CrossRefPubMed Meier-Kriesche HU, Arndorfer JA, Kaplan B (2002) The impact of body mass index on renal transplant outcomes: a significant independent risk factor for graft failure and patient death. Transplantation 73(1):70–74CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Yamamoto S, Hanley E, Hahn AB, Isenberg A, Singh TP, Cohen D, Conti DJ (2002) The impact of obesity in renal transplantation: an analysis of paired cadaver kidneys. Clin Transplant 16(4):252–256CrossRefPubMed Yamamoto S, Hanley E, Hahn AB, Isenberg A, Singh TP, Cohen D, Conti DJ (2002) The impact of obesity in renal transplantation: an analysis of paired cadaver kidneys. Clin Transplant 16(4):252–256CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Pirsch JD, Armbrust MJ, Knechtle SJ, D’Alessandro AM, Sollinger HW, Heisey DM, Belzer FO (1995) Obesity as a risk factor following renal transplantation. Transplantation 59(4):631–633CrossRefPubMed Pirsch JD, Armbrust MJ, Knechtle SJ, D’Alessandro AM, Sollinger HW, Heisey DM, Belzer FO (1995) Obesity as a risk factor following renal transplantation. Transplantation 59(4):631–633CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Glanton CW, Kao TC, Cruess D, Agodoa LY, Abbott KC (2003) Impact of following pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25(10):2129–2139 Glanton CW, Kao TC, Cruess D, Agodoa LY, Abbott KC (2003) Impact of following pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25(10):2129–2139
31.
go back to reference Kovacs AZ, Molnar MZ, Szeifert L, Ambrus C, Molnar-Varga M, Szentkiralyi A et al (2011) Sleep disorders, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life–a cross-sectional comparison between kidney transplant recipients and waitlisted patients on maintenance dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26(3):1058–1065CrossRefPubMed Kovacs AZ, Molnar MZ, Szeifert L, Ambrus C, Molnar-Varga M, Szentkiralyi A et al (2011) Sleep disorders, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life–a cross-sectional comparison between kidney transplant recipients and waitlisted patients on maintenance dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26(3):1058–1065CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference de Mattos AM, Prather J, Olyaei AJ, Shibagaki Y, Keith DS, Mori M et al (2006) Cardiovascular events following renal transplantation: role of traditional and transplant-specific risk factors. Kidney Int 70(4):757–764CrossRefPubMed de Mattos AM, Prather J, Olyaei AJ, Shibagaki Y, Keith DS, Mori M et al (2006) Cardiovascular events following renal transplantation: role of traditional and transplant-specific risk factors. Kidney Int 70(4):757–764CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Kasiske BL, Anjum S, Shah R, Skogen J, Kandaswamy C, Danielson B et al (2004) Hypertension after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 43(6):1071–1081CrossRefPubMed Kasiske BL, Anjum S, Shah R, Skogen J, Kandaswamy C, Danielson B et al (2004) Hypertension after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 43(6):1071–1081CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Tainio J, Qvist E, Miettinen J, Holtta T, Pakarinen M, Jahnukainen T et al (2015) Blood pressure profiles 5 to 10 years after transplant in pediatric solid organ recipients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 17(2):154–161CrossRef Tainio J, Qvist E, Miettinen J, Holtta T, Pakarinen M, Jahnukainen T et al (2015) Blood pressure profiles 5 to 10 years after transplant in pediatric solid organ recipients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 17(2):154–161CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Kaidar M, Berant M, Krauze I, Cleper R, Mor E, Bar-Nathan N et al (2014) Cardiovascular risk factors in children after kidney transplantation–from short-term to long-term follow-up. Pediatr Transplant 18(1):23–28CrossRefPubMed Kaidar M, Berant M, Krauze I, Cleper R, Mor E, Bar-Nathan N et al (2014) Cardiovascular risk factors in children after kidney transplantation–from short-term to long-term follow-up. Pediatr Transplant 18(1):23–28CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Denburg MR, Pradhan M, Shults J, Jones A, Palmer JA, Baluarte HJ et al (2010) Longitudinal relations between obesity and hypertension following pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25(10):2129–39CrossRefPubMed Denburg MR, Pradhan M, Shults J, Jones A, Palmer JA, Baluarte HJ et al (2010) Longitudinal relations between obesity and hypertension following pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25(10):2129–39CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Koulouridis E, Georgalidis K, Kostimpa I, Kalantzi M, Ntouto P, Koulouridis I et al (2008) Factors influencing blood pressure control in children and adolescents. Int Urol Nephrol 40(3):741–8CrossRefPubMed Koulouridis E, Georgalidis K, Kostimpa I, Kalantzi M, Ntouto P, Koulouridis I et al (2008) Factors influencing blood pressure control in children and adolescents. Int Urol Nephrol 40(3):741–8CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Henry SL, Barzel B, Wood-Bradley RJ, Burke SL, Head GA, Armitage JA (2012) Developmental origins of obesity-related hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 39(9):799–806CrossRefPubMed Henry SL, Barzel B, Wood-Bradley RJ, Burke SL, Head GA, Armitage JA (2012) Developmental origins of obesity-related hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 39(9):799–806CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Parekh RS, Carroll CE, Wolfe RA, Port FK (2002) Cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults with endstage kidney disease. J Pediatr 141(2):191–197CrossRefPubMed Parekh RS, Carroll CE, Wolfe RA, Port FK (2002) Cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults with endstage kidney disease. J Pediatr 141(2):191–197CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Oh J, Wunsch R, Turzer M, Bahner M, Raggi P, Querfeld U et al (2002) Advanced coronary and carotid arteriopathy in young adults with childhood-onset chronic renal failure. Circulation 106(1):100–105CrossRefPubMed Oh J, Wunsch R, Turzer M, Bahner M, Raggi P, Querfeld U et al (2002) Advanced coronary and carotid arteriopathy in young adults with childhood-onset chronic renal failure. Circulation 106(1):100–105CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Carvalho MF, Soares V (2001) Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor of renal allograft function impairment. Clin Transplant 15(1):48–52CrossRefPubMed Carvalho MF, Soares V (2001) Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor of renal allograft function impairment. Clin Transplant 15(1):48–52CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Cosio FG, Kudva Y, van der Velde M, Larson TS, Textor SC, Griffin MD et al (2005) New onset hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with increased cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 67(6):2415–2421CrossRefPubMed Cosio FG, Kudva Y, van der Velde M, Larson TS, Textor SC, Griffin MD et al (2005) New onset hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with increased cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 67(6):2415–2421CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Hoogeveen EK, Aalten J, Rothman KJ, Roodnat JI, Mallat MJ, Borm G et al (2011) Effect of obesity on the outcome of kidney transplantation: a 20-year follow-up. Transplantation 91(8):869–874CrossRefPubMed Hoogeveen EK, Aalten J, Rothman KJ, Roodnat JI, Mallat MJ, Borm G et al (2011) Effect of obesity on the outcome of kidney transplantation: a 20-year follow-up. Transplantation 91(8):869–874CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Hricik DE (2011) Metabolic syndrome in kidney transplantation: management of risk factors. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6(7):1781–1785CrossRefPubMed Hricik DE (2011) Metabolic syndrome in kidney transplantation: management of risk factors. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6(7):1781–1785CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Laguardia H, Zhang R (2013) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in kidney transplantation. Curr Hypertens Rep 15(3):215–223CrossRefPubMed Laguardia H, Zhang R (2013) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in kidney transplantation. Curr Hypertens Rep 15(3):215–223CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Zelle DM, Kok T, Dontje ML, Danchell EI, Navis G, van Son WJ et al (2013) The role of diet and physical activity in post-transplant weight gain after renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 27(4):E484–E490CrossRefPubMed Zelle DM, Kok T, Dontje ML, Danchell EI, Navis G, van Son WJ et al (2013) The role of diet and physical activity in post-transplant weight gain after renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 27(4):E484–E490CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Pham PT, Danovitch GM, Pham PC (2013) Kidney transplantation in the obese transplant candidates: to transplant or not to transplant? Semin Dial 26(5):568–577CrossRefPubMed Pham PT, Danovitch GM, Pham PC (2013) Kidney transplantation in the obese transplant candidates: to transplant or not to transplant? Semin Dial 26(5):568–577CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Srinivas TR, Meier-Kriesche HU (2013) Obesity and kidney transplantation. Semin Nephrol 33(1):34–43CrossRefPubMed Srinivas TR, Meier-Kriesche HU (2013) Obesity and kidney transplantation. Semin Nephrol 33(1):34–43CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Hajer GR, van Haeften TW, Visseren FL (2008) Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Eur Heart J 29(24):2959–71CrossRefPubMed Hajer GR, van Haeften TW, Visseren FL (2008) Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Eur Heart J 29(24):2959–71CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Hocker B, Weber LT, Feneberg R, Drube J, John U, Fehrenbach H et al (2010) Improved growth and cardiovascular risk after late steroid withdrawal: 2-year results of a prospective, randomised trial in paediatric renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25(2):617–624CrossRefPubMed Hocker B, Weber LT, Feneberg R, Drube J, John U, Fehrenbach H et al (2010) Improved growth and cardiovascular risk after late steroid withdrawal: 2-year results of a prospective, randomised trial in paediatric renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25(2):617–624CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Wilson AC, Greenbaum LA, Barletta GM, Chand D, Lin JJ, Patel HP et al (2010) High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 14(1):52–60CrossRefPubMed Wilson AC, Greenbaum LA, Barletta GM, Chand D, Lin JJ, Patel HP et al (2010) High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 14(1):52–60CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Wittenhagen P, Thiesson HC, Baudier F, Pedersen EB, Neland M (2014) Long-term experience of steroid-free pediatric renal transplantation: effects on graft function, body mass index, and longitudinal growth. Pediatr Transplant 18(1):35–41CrossRefPubMed Wittenhagen P, Thiesson HC, Baudier F, Pedersen EB, Neland M (2014) Long-term experience of steroid-free pediatric renal transplantation: effects on graft function, body mass index, and longitudinal growth. Pediatr Transplant 18(1):35–41CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Birch LL, Davison KK (2001) Family environmental factors influencing the developing behavioral controls of food intake and childhood overweight. Pediatr Clin North Am 48(4):893–907CrossRefPubMed Birch LL, Davison KK (2001) Family environmental factors influencing the developing behavioral controls of food intake and childhood overweight. Pediatr Clin North Am 48(4):893–907CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Hoffmann SW, Tug S, Simon P (2014) Child-caregivers’ body weight and habitual physical activity status is associated with overweight in kindergartners. BMC Public Health 14:822PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hoffmann SW, Tug S, Simon P (2014) Child-caregivers’ body weight and habitual physical activity status is associated with overweight in kindergartners. BMC Public Health 14:822PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Litwin M, Niemirska A (2014) Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 29(2):203–216PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Litwin M, Niemirska A (2014) Metabolic syndrome in children with chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 29(2):203–216PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Modanlou KA, Muthyala U, Xiao H, Schnitzler MA, Salvalaggio PR, Brennan DC et al (2009) Bariatric surgery among kidney transplant candidates and recipients: analysis of the United States renal data system and literature review. Transplantation 87(8):1167–1173PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Modanlou KA, Muthyala U, Xiao H, Schnitzler MA, Salvalaggio PR, Brennan DC et al (2009) Bariatric surgery among kidney transplant candidates and recipients: analysis of the United States renal data system and literature review. Transplantation 87(8):1167–1173PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Garness RL, Zarroug AE, Kumar S, Swain JM (2012) Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a pediatric patient. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 22(2):e112–e114CrossRefPubMed Garness RL, Zarroug AE, Kumar S, Swain JM (2012) Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a pediatric patient. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 22(2):e112–e114CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Knerr I, Horbach T, Plank C, Carbon R, Nusken KD, Rascher W et al (2003) Laparoscopically performed gastric banding in a 13 year-old girl with morbid obesity and end stage renal insufficiency allows lifesaving weight loss and hemodialysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 16(8):1179–1182CrossRefPubMed Knerr I, Horbach T, Plank C, Carbon R, Nusken KD, Rascher W et al (2003) Laparoscopically performed gastric banding in a 13 year-old girl with morbid obesity and end stage renal insufficiency allows lifesaving weight loss and hemodialysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 16(8):1179–1182CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Paediatric obesity and renal transplantation: current challenges and solutions
Authors
John D. Terrace
Gabriel C. Oniscu
Publication date
01-04-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3126-2

Other articles of this Issue 4/2016

Pediatric Nephrology 4/2016 Go to the issue