Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Osteoarthrosis | Research

Traditional Chinese-Hong Kong version of Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee underwent joint replacement surgery: cross-cultural and sub-cultural adaptation, and validation

Authors: Kevin Ki-Wai Ho, Wai-Wang Chau, Lawrence Chun-Man Lau, Michael Tim-Yun Ong

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

A patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool which reflects the outcomes of patients underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are important to be “ceiling effect free” which commonly used PRO tools face. Forgotten joint score-12 (FJS-12) has been proved to reduce or even free from ceiling effect. FJS-12 has been translated to different languages. The objectives of this study are to validate FJS-12 in Traditional Chinese-Hong Kong language and look for the goodness of FJS-12 still exist in this language adapted FJS-12 version.

Methods

FJS-12 was administered to 75 patients whose majority was obese underwent TKA between September 2019 and March 2020. Patients completed 3 sets of questionnaires (FJS-12, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)) twice, 2 weeks apart. Reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness, test–retest agreement and discriminant validity were evaluated.

Results

Reliability of FJS-12 showed moderate to excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.870). Test–retest reliability of FJS-12 was good (ICC = 0.769). Bland–Altman plot showed good test–retest agreement. Construct validity in terms of correlations between FJS-12 and OKS, and FJS-12 and NRS were moderate at baseline (Pearson’s coefficient r = 0.598) and good at follow-up (r = 0.879). Smallest detectable change (Responsiveness) was higher than MIC. Floor effect was none observed, and ceiling effect was low. Discriminant validity was found to have no significance. BMI (obesity) did not affect FJS-12 outcomes.

Conclusions

The Traditional Chinese-Hong Kong version of FJS-12 showed good test–retest reliability, validity, responsiveness, BMI non-specific, with no floor and low ceiling effects for patients who underwent TKA. Sub-culture differences in individual PRO tools should be considered in certain ethnicities and languages.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, Patrick DL. Measuring health-related quality of life. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(8):622–9.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46(12):1417–32.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Behrend H, Giesinger K, Giesinger JM, Kuster MS. The “Forgotten Joint” as the Ultimate Goal in Joint Arthroplasty: Validation of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27(3):430-436.e431.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Deroche E, Batailler C, Swan J, Sappey-Marinier E, Neyret P, Servien E, Lustig S: No difference between resurfaced and non-resurfaced patellae with a modern prosthesis design: a prospective randomized study of 250 total knee arthroplasties. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2021. Mar 4. Online ahead of print.
5.
Howell SM, Gill M, Shelton TJ, Nedopil AJ: Reoperations are few and confined to the most valgus phenotypes 4 years after unrestricted calipered kinematically aligned TKA. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2021. Feb 13. Epub ahead of print.
6.
Domb BG, Chen JW, Kyin C, Bheem R, Karom J, Shapira J, Rosinsky PJ, Lall AC, Maldonado DR. Primary Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 501 Hips With 44-Month Follow-up. Orthopedics. 2021;44(2):70–6.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Putman S, Dartus J, Migaud H, Pasquier G, Girard J, Preda C, Duhamel A. A: Can the minimal clinically important difference be determined in a French-speaking population with primary hip replacement using one PROM item and the Anchor strategy? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2021;107(3):102830.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zambianchi F, Franceschi G, Banchelli F, Marcovigi A, Ensini A, Catani F: Robotic Arm-Assisted Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: How Are Components Aligned? J Knee Surg. 2021. Jan 28. Epub ahead of print.
9.
Nakajima A, Yamada M, Sonobe M, Akatsu Y, Saito M, Yamamoto K, Saito J, Norimoto M, Koyama K, Takahashi H, et al. Three-year clinical and radiological results of a cruciate-retaining type of the knee prosthesis with anatomical geometry developed in Japan. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):241.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Jie K, Feng W, Li F, Wu K, Chen J, Zhou G, Zeng H, Zeng Y. Long-term survival and clinical outcomes of non-vascularized autologous and allogeneic fibular grafts are comparable for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):109.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Bellamy N, Buchanan WW. Outcome measurement in osteoarthritis clinical trials: The case for standardisation. Clin Rheumatol. 1984;3(3):293–303.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Bellamy N, Buchanan WW. A preliminary evaluation of the dimensionality and clinical importance of pain and disability in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Clin Rheumatol. 1986;5(2):231–41.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Murray DW, Fitzpatrick R, Rogers K, Pandit H, Beard DJ, Carr AJ, Dawson J. The use of the Oxford hip and knee scores. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89(8):1010–4.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Roos EM, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)–development of a self-administered outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28(2):88–96.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Insall JN, Dorr LD, Scott RD, Scott WN. Rationale of the Knee Society clinical rating system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;248:13–4.CrossRef
16.
Gill JR, Corbett JA, Wastnedge E, Nicolai P. Forgotten Joint Score: Comparison between total and unicondylar knee arthroplasty. Knee. 2021;29:26–32.PubMedCrossRef
17.
HD F, LF L, GJ M, G K, MD J, PJ T, SAHR W, HC R. Validation of the English language Forgotten Joint Score-12 as an outcome measure for total hip and knee arthroplasty in a British population. Bone Joint J. 2017;99-B(2):218–24.CrossRef
18.
Giesinger K, Hamilton DF, Jost B, Holzner B, Giesinger JM. Comparative responsiveness of outcome measures for total knee arthroplasty. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(2):184–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Chithartha K, Nair AS, Thilak J. A long-term cross-sectional study with modified forgotten joint score to assess the perception of artificial joint after total knee arthroplasty. SICOT-J. 2021;7:14–14.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Freigang V, Weber J, Mueller K, Pfeifer C, Worlicek M, Alt V, Baumann FM. Evaluation of joint awareness after acetabular fracture: Validation of the Forgotten Joint Score according to the COSMIN checklist protocol. World journal of orthopedics. 2021;12(2):69–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Carlson VR, Post ZD, Orozco FR, Davis DM, Lutz RW, Ong AC. When Does the Knee Feel Normal Again: A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Forgotten Joint Score in Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(3):700–3.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Thomsen MG, Latifi R, Kallemose T, Barfod KW, Husted H, Troelsen A. Good validity and reliability of the forgotten joint score in evaluating the outcome of total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2016;87(3):280–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Thienpont E, Opsomer G, Koninckx A, Houssiau F. Joint awareness in different types of knee arthroplasty evaluated with the Forgotten Joint score. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(1):48–51.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Yao G. Wu C-h: Similarities and Differences Among the Taiwan, China, and Hong-Kong Versions of the WHOQOL Questionnaire. Soc Indic Res. 2009;91(1):79–98.CrossRef
25.
Cao S, Liu N, Han W, Zi Y, Peng F, Li L, Fu Q, Chen Y, Zheng W, Qian Q. Simplified Chinese version of the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) for patients who underwent joint arthroplasty: cross-cultural adaptation and validation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2017;12(1):6–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
27.
Liao P-S, Fu Y-C, Yi C-C. Perceived quality of life in Taiwan and Hong Kong: an intra-culture comparison. J Happiness Stud. 2005;6(1):43–67.CrossRef
28.
Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186–91.CrossRef
29.
Bullinger M, Alonso J, Apolone G, Leplège A, Sullivan M, Wood-Dauphinee S, Gandek B, Wagner A, Aaronson N, et al. Translating health status questionnaires and evaluating their quality: the IQOLA Project approach. International Quality of Life Assessment. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(11):913–23.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Dunbar MJ, Robertsson O, Ryd L, Lidgren L. Appropriate questionnaires for knee arthroplasty. Results of a survey of 3600 patients from The Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83(3):339–44.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Bin Sheeha B, Williams A, Johnson DS, Granat M, Bin Nasser A, Jones R. Responsiveness, Reliability, and Validity of Arabic Version of Oxford Knee Score for Total Knee Arthroplasty. JBJS. 2020;102(15).CrossRef
32.
Paravlic AH, Pisot S, Mitic P, Pisot R. Validation of the Oxford Knee Score and Lower Extremity Functional Score questionnaires for use in Slovenia. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020;140(10):1515–22.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Ngwayi JRM, Tan J, Liang N, Porter DE. Reliability and validity of 3 different Chinese versions of the Oxford knee score (OKS). Arthroplasty. 2020;2(1):31.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Lampropoulou S, Nowicky AV. Evaluation of the numeric rating scale for perception of effort during isometric elbow flexion exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(3):1167–75.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Hsieh T-H, Lee JJ. Yu EW-R, Hu H-Y, Lin S-Y, Ho C-Y: Association between obesity and education level among the elderly in Taipei, Taiwan between 2013 and 2015: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):20285.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC. Protocol of the COSMIN study: COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006;6:2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR, van der Windt DAWM, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet HCW. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34–42.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Efron BTRJ. An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall; 1993.CrossRef
39.
Efron B, Gong G. A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and cross-validation. Am Stat. 1983;37(1):36–48.
40.
DiCiccio TJ, Efron B. Bootstrap confidence intervals. Stat Sci. 1996;11(3):189–212.CrossRef
41.
Efron B, Tibshirani RJ. An introduction to the bootstrap. Boca Raton: CRC press; 1994.CrossRef
42.
Banjanovic ES, Osborne JW. Confidence intervals for effect sizes: Applying bootstrap resampling. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2016;21(1):5.
43.
Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Norman GR, Wyrwich KW, Patrick DL. The mathematical relationship among different forms of responsiveness coefficients. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(5):815–22.PubMedCrossRef
45.
46.
47.
Kelly T, Yang W, Chen CS, Reynolds K, He J. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Int J Obes. 2008;32(9):1431–7.CrossRef
48.
Man SL-C, Chau W-W, Chung K-Y, Ho KKW. Hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II are reliable predictors of peri-prosthetic joint infection in patient undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery & Related Research. 2020;32(1):21.CrossRef
49.
Ho KK-W, Lau LC-M, Chau W-W, Poon Q, Chung K-Y, Wong RM-Y. End-stage knee osteoarthritis with and without sarcopenia and the effect of knee arthroplasty – a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatrics. 2021;21(1):2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Li MM-L, Kwok JY-Y, Chung K-Y, CheungChiu K-WK-H, Chau W-W, Ho KK-W. Prospective randomized trial comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery & Related Research. 2020;32(1):62.CrossRef
51.
Y CJ, N LN, C CH, R BARH, N PH, TDK J, LJ CSYS. The influence of body mass index on functional outcome and quality of life after total knee arthroplasty. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2016;98 B(6):780–5.CrossRef
52.
Järvenpää J, Kettunen J, Soininvaara T, Miettinen H, Kröger H. Obesity Has a Negative Impact on Clinical Outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. 2012;101(3):198–203.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Baker P, Petheram T, Jameson S, Reed M, Gregg P, Deehan D. The Association Between Body Mass Index and the Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty. JBJS. 2012;94(16):1501–8.CrossRef
54.
Matsumoto M, Baba T, Homma Y, Kobayashi H, Ochi H, Yuasa T, Behrend H, Kaneko K. Validation study of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 as a universal patient-reported outcome measure. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatologie. 2015;25(7):1141–5.CrossRef
55.
Baumann F, Ernstberger T, Loibl M, Zeman F, Nerlich M, Tibesku C. Validation of the German Forgotten Joint Score (G-FJS) according to the COSMIN checklist: does a reduction in joint awareness indicate clinical improvement after arthroplasty of the knee? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016;136(2):257–64.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Sansone V, Fennema P, Applefield RC, Marchina S, Ronco R, Pascale W, Pascale V. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Italian language Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) as an outcome measure for total knee arthroplasty in an Italian population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):23.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Singh V, Yeroushalmi D, Lygrisse KA, Simcox T, Long WJ, Schwarzkopf R. The influence of obesity on achievement of a ‘forgotten joint’ following total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022;142(3):491–9.PubMedCrossRef
58.
World_Health_Organization. The Asia Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. 2000.
59.
Goyal T, Sethy SS, Paul S, Choudhury AK, Das SL. Good validity and reliability of forgotten joint score-12 in total knee arthroplasty in Hindi language for Indian population. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29(4):1150–6.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Sabah SA, Alvand A, Beard DJ, Price AJ. Evidence for the validity of a patient-based instrument for assessment of outcome after revision knee arthroplasty. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2021;103-B(4):627–34.CrossRef
61.
HD F, GJ M, MD J, SAHR W, HC R, G K. Responsiveness and ceiling effects of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 following total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint Res. 2016;5(3):87–91.CrossRef
62.
Aday LA, Cornelius LJ. Designing and conducting health surveys: a comprehensive guide. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons; 2006.
63.
Bernard HR. Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield; 2017.
64.
Groves RM. Theories and methods of telephone surveys. Ann Rev Sociol. 1990;16(1):221–40.CrossRef
65.
Shadid MB, Vinken NS, Marting LN, Wolterbeek N. The Dutch version of the Forgotten Joint Score: test-retesting reliability and validation. Acta Orthop Belg. 2016;82(1):112–8.PubMed
66.
Hau MYT, Menon DK, Chan RJN, Chung KY, Chau WW, Ho KW. Two-dimensional/three-dimensional EOS™ imaging is reliable and comparable to traditional X-ray imaging assessment of knee osteoarthritis aiding surgical management. Knee. 2020;27(3):970–9.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Chien CW, Wang JD, Yao G, Hsueh IP, Hsieh CL. Agreement between the WHOQOL-BREF Chinese and Taiwanese versions in the elderly. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108(2):164–9.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Traditional Chinese-Hong Kong version of Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee underwent joint replacement surgery: cross-cultural and sub-cultural adaptation, and validation
Authors
Kevin Ki-Wai Ho
Wai-Wang Chau
Lawrence Chun-Man Lau
Michael Tim-Yun Ong
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05156-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2022 Go to the issue

Research

Increase in tibial internal rotation due to weight-bearing is a key feature to diagnose early-stage knee osteoarthritis: a study with upright computed tomography

Research

Development of modified rapid entire body assessment (MOREBA) method for predicting the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the workplaces

Research article

Evaluation of a guidelines implementation intervention to reduce work disability and sick leaves related to chronic musculoskeletal pain: a theory-informed qualitative study in occupational health care

Research

Radiographic measurement of the posterior tibial slope in normal Chinese adults: a retrospective cohort study

Research

Distributional patterns of subchondral bone density and histopathological features of the first tarsometatarsal joint in hallux valgus feet

Research

A multicentre validation study of a smartphone application to screen hand arthritis