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Annals of Behavioral Medicine

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01-06-2009 | Original Article

Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review

Authors: Heather N. Rasmussen, Ph.D., Michael F. Scheier, Ph.D., Joel B. Greenhouse, Ph.D.

Published in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 3/2009

Abstract

Background

Prior research links optimism to physical health, but the strength of the association has not been systematically evaluated.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analytic review to determine the strength of the association between optimism and physical health.

Methods

The findings from 83 studies, with 108 effect sizes (ESs), were included in the analyses, using random-effects models.

Results

Overall, the mean ES characterizing the relationship between optimism and physical health outcomes was 0.17, p < .001. ESs were larger for studies using subjective (versus objective) measures of physical health. Subsidiary analyses were also conducted grouping studies into those that focused solely on mortality, survival, cardiovascular outcomes, physiological markers (including immune function), immune function only, cancer outcomes, outcomes related to pregnancy, physical symptoms, or pain. In each case, optimism was a significant predictor of health outcomes or markers, all p < .001.

Conclusions

Optimism is a significant predictor of positive physical health outcomes.

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Title: Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review
Authors: Heather N. Rasmussen, Ph.D.
Michael F. Scheier, Ph.D.
Joel B. Greenhouse, Ph.D.
Publication date: 01-06-2009
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Annals of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0883-6612
Electronic ISSN: 1532-4796
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9111-x

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review

Abstract

Background

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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