Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Urban Health 3/2017

01-06-2017

On the Battlefield: The Black Church, Public Health, and the Fight against HIV among African American Gay and Bisexual Men

Authors: William L. Jeffries IV, Madeline Y. Sutton, Agatha N. Eke

Published in: Journal of Urban Health | Issue 3/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

HIV affects African American gay and bisexual men (AAGBM) more disproportionately than any other group in the USA. The Black Church, which has been a historic mainstay for African American empowerment and well-being, has the potential to be a public health partner for HIV prevention with AAGBM. Public health partnerships with the Black Church can strengthen HIV prevention efforts with AAGBM by [1] adapting church-based prevention strategies developed for other African American subgroups [2], providing prevention and referral services [3], considering how scripture supports prevention efforts, and [4] emphasizing the tenets of liberation theology. Public health should consider how thoughtful engagement, research, and interventions can support these approaches. Developing partnerships with the Black Church and African American clergy can promote effective HIV prevention efforts for AAGBM.
Literature
4.
go back to reference Matthews DD, Herrick A, Coulter RW, et al. Running backwards: consequences of current HIV incidence rates for the next generation of black MSM in the United States. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(1):7–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Matthews DD, Herrick A, Coulter RW, et al. Running backwards: consequences of current HIV incidence rates for the next generation of black MSM in the United States. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(1):7–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Barnes SL. The black church revisited: toward a new millennium Duboisian mode of inquiry. Sociol Relig. 2014;75(4):607–21.CrossRef Barnes SL. The black church revisited: toward a new millennium Duboisian mode of inquiry. Sociol Relig. 2014;75(4):607–21.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Lincoln CE, Mamiya LH. The black church and the twenty-first century. In: Kivisto P, Rundblad G, editors. Multiculturalism in the United States: current issues, contemporary voices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press; 2000. p. 259–68.CrossRef Lincoln CE, Mamiya LH. The black church and the twenty-first century. In: Kivisto P, Rundblad G, editors. Multiculturalism in the United States: current issues, contemporary voices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press; 2000. p. 259–68.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Mattis JS. Religion in African American life. In: McLoyd VC, Hill NE, Dodge KA, editors. African American family life: ecological and cultural diversity. New York: Guilford Press; 2005. p. 189–210. Mattis JS. Religion in African American life. In: McLoyd VC, Hill NE, Dodge KA, editors. African American family life: ecological and cultural diversity. New York: Guilford Press; 2005. p. 189–210.
8.
go back to reference Barnes SL. Black church culture and community action. Soc Forces. 2005;84(2):967–94.CrossRef Barnes SL. Black church culture and community action. Soc Forces. 2005;84(2):967–94.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Taylor RJ, Chatters LM, Brown RK. African American religious participation. Rev Relig Res. 2014;56(4):513–38.PubMedCrossRef Taylor RJ, Chatters LM, Brown RK. African American religious participation. Rev Relig Res. 2014;56(4):513–38.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Chatters LM, Taylor RJ, Bullard KM, Jackson JS. Race and ethnic differences in religious involvement: African Americans, Caribbean blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Ethnic Racial Stud. 2009;32(7):1143–63.CrossRef Chatters LM, Taylor RJ, Bullard KM, Jackson JS. Race and ethnic differences in religious involvement: African Americans, Caribbean blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Ethnic Racial Stud. 2009;32(7):1143–63.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Chatters LM. Religion and health: public health research and practice. Annu Rev Public Health. 2000;21(1):335–67.PubMedCrossRef Chatters LM. Religion and health: public health research and practice. Annu Rev Public Health. 2000;21(1):335–67.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Chatters LM, Levin JS, Ellison CG. Public health and health education in faith communities. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25(6):689–99.PubMedCrossRef Chatters LM, Levin JS, Ellison CG. Public health and health education in faith communities. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25(6):689–99.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Fullilove MT, Fullilove RE. Stigma as an obstacle to AIDS action. Am Behav Sci. 1999;42(7):1117–29.CrossRef Fullilove MT, Fullilove RE. Stigma as an obstacle to AIDS action. Am Behav Sci. 1999;42(7):1117–29.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Harris AC. Marginalization by the marginalized: race, homophobia, heterosexism, and “the problem of the 21st century”. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv. 2009;21(4):430–48.CrossRef Harris AC. Marginalization by the marginalized: race, homophobia, heterosexism, and “the problem of the 21st century”. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv. 2009;21(4):430–48.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Miller Jr RL. Legacy denied: African American gay men, AIDS, and the black church. Soc Work. 2007;52(1):51–61.PubMedCrossRef Miller Jr RL. Legacy denied: African American gay men, AIDS, and the black church. Soc Work. 2007;52(1):51–61.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Walker J, editor. Though I stand at the door and knock: discussion on the black church struggle with homosexuality & AIDS. Richmond, VA: The Balm in Gilead, Inc.; 2007. Walker J, editor. Though I stand at the door and knock: discussion on the black church struggle with homosexuality & AIDS. Richmond, VA: The Balm in Gilead, Inc.; 2007.
18.
go back to reference Eke AN, Wilkes AL, Gaiter J. Organized religion and the fight against HIV/AIDS in the black community: the role of the black church. In: McCree DH, Jones KT, O’leary A, editors. African Americans and HIV/AIDS: understanding and addressing the epidemic. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 53–68. Eke AN, Wilkes AL, Gaiter J. Organized religion and the fight against HIV/AIDS in the black community: the role of the black church. In: McCree DH, Jones KT, O’leary A, editors. African Americans and HIV/AIDS: understanding and addressing the epidemic. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 53–68.
19.
go back to reference Fulton BR. Black churches and HIV/AIDS: factors influencing congregations’ responsiveness to social issues. J Sci Study Relig. 2011;50(3):617–30.PubMedCrossRef Fulton BR. Black churches and HIV/AIDS: factors influencing congregations’ responsiveness to social issues. J Sci Study Relig. 2011;50(3):617–30.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Lincoln CE, Mamiya LH. The black church in the African American experience. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 1990.CrossRef Lincoln CE, Mamiya LH. The black church in the African American experience. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 1990.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Felder CH. Stony the road we trod: African American biblical interpretation. Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA): Fortress Press; 1991. Felder CH. Stony the road we trod: African American biblical interpretation. Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA): Fortress Press; 1991.
22.
go back to reference Collins PH. Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004. Collins PH. Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004.
23.
go back to reference Ward EG. Homophobia, hypermasculinity and the US black church. Cult Health Sex. 2005;7(5):493–504.PubMedCrossRef Ward EG. Homophobia, hypermasculinity and the US black church. Cult Health Sex. 2005;7(5):493–504.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Stanford A. Homophobia in the black church: how faith, politics, and fear divide the black community. Denver, CO: Praeger; 2013. Stanford A. Homophobia in the black church: how faith, politics, and fear divide the black community. Denver, CO: Praeger; 2013.
25.
go back to reference Balaji A, Oster AM, Viall A, Heffelfinger JD, Mena LA, Toledo CA. Role flexing: how community, religion and family shape the experiences of young black men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26(12):730–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Balaji A, Oster AM, Viall A, Heffelfinger JD, Mena LA, Toledo CA. Role flexing: how community, religion and family shape the experiences of young black men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26(12):730–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Jeffries 4th WL, Okeke JO, Gelaude DJ, et al. An exploration of religion and spirituality among young, HIV-infected gay and bisexual men in the USA. Cult Health Sex. 2014;16(9):1070–83.PubMedCrossRef Jeffries 4th WL, Okeke JO, Gelaude DJ, et al. An exploration of religion and spirituality among young, HIV-infected gay and bisexual men in the USA. Cult Health Sex. 2014;16(9):1070–83.PubMedCrossRef
27.
28.
go back to reference Valera P, Taylor T. “hating the sin but not the sinner”: a study sbout heterosexism and religious experiences among black men. J Black Stud. 2011;42(1):106–22.PubMedCrossRef Valera P, Taylor T. “hating the sin but not the sinner”: a study sbout heterosexism and religious experiences among black men. J Black Stud. 2011;42(1):106–22.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Wilson PA, Nanin J, Amesty S, Wallace S, Cherenack EM, Fullilove R. Using syndemic theory to understand vulnerability to HIV infection among black and Latino men in New York City. J Urban Health. 2014;91(5):983–98.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wilson PA, Nanin J, Amesty S, Wallace S, Cherenack EM, Fullilove R. Using syndemic theory to understand vulnerability to HIV infection among black and Latino men in New York City. J Urban Health. 2014;91(5):983–98.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Flunder YA. Where the edge gathers: building a community of radical inclusion. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press; 2005. Flunder YA. Where the edge gathers: building a community of radical inclusion. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press; 2005.
31.
go back to reference Pearson C. God is not a Christian, nor a Jew, Muslim, Hindu...: God dwells with us, in us, around us, as us. New York: Simon and Schuster; 2010. Pearson C. God is not a Christian, nor a Jew, Muslim, Hindu...: God dwells with us, in us, around us, as us. New York: Simon and Schuster; 2010.
32.
go back to reference Garofalo R, Kuhns LM, Hidalgo M, et al. Impact of religiosity on the sexual risk behaviors of young men who have sex with men. J Sex Res. 2015;52(5):590–8.PubMedCrossRef Garofalo R, Kuhns LM, Hidalgo M, et al. Impact of religiosity on the sexual risk behaviors of young men who have sex with men. J Sex Res. 2015;52(5):590–8.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Lease SH, Horne SG, Noffsinger-Frazier N. Affirming faith experiences and psychological health for Caucasian lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. J Couns Psychol. 2005;52(3):378–88.CrossRef Lease SH, Horne SG, Noffsinger-Frazier N. Affirming faith experiences and psychological health for Caucasian lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. J Couns Psychol. 2005;52(3):378–88.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Galvan FH, Collins RL, Kanouse DE, Pantoja P, Golinelli D. Religiosity, denominational affiliation, and sexual behaviors among people with HIV in the United States. J Sex Res. 2007;44(1):49–58.PubMedCrossRef Galvan FH, Collins RL, Kanouse DE, Pantoja P, Golinelli D. Religiosity, denominational affiliation, and sexual behaviors among people with HIV in the United States. J Sex Res. 2007;44(1):49–58.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Golub SA, Walker JNJ, Longmire-Avital B, Bimbi DS, Parsons JT. The role of religiosity, social support, and stress-related growth in protecting against HIV risk among transgender women. J Health Psychol. 2010;15(8):1135–44.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Golub SA, Walker JNJ, Longmire-Avital B, Bimbi DS, Parsons JT. The role of religiosity, social support, and stress-related growth in protecting against HIV risk among transgender women. J Health Psychol. 2010;15(8):1135–44.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Hatzenbuehler ML, Pachankis JE, Wolff J. Religious climate and health risk behaviors in sexual minority youths: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(4):657–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hatzenbuehler ML, Pachankis JE, Wolff J. Religious climate and health risk behaviors in sexual minority youths: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(4):657–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
38.
go back to reference Kubicek K, McDavitt B, Carpineto J, Weiss G, Iverson EF, Kipke MD. “god made me gay for a reason”: young men who have sex with men’s resiliency in resolving internalized homophobia from religious sources. J Adolesc Res. 2009;24(5):601–33.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kubicek K, McDavitt B, Carpineto J, Weiss G, Iverson EF, Kipke MD. “god made me gay for a reason”: young men who have sex with men’s resiliency in resolving internalized homophobia from religious sources. J Adolesc Res. 2009;24(5):601–33.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Park J, Nachman S. The link between religion and HAART adherence in pediatric HIV patients. AIDS Care. 2010;22(5):556–61.PubMedCrossRef Park J, Nachman S. The link between religion and HAART adherence in pediatric HIV patients. AIDS Care. 2010;22(5):556–61.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Powell LH, Shahabi L, Thoresen CE. Religion and spirituality: linkages to physical health. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):36–52.PubMedCrossRef Powell LH, Shahabi L, Thoresen CE. Religion and spirituality: linkages to physical health. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):36–52.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Boltri JM, Davis-Smith YM, Seale JP, Shellenberger S, Okosun IS, Cornelius ME. Diabetes prevention in a faith-based setting: results of translational research. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008;14(1):29–32.PubMedCrossRef Boltri JM, Davis-Smith YM, Seale JP, Shellenberger S, Okosun IS, Cornelius ME. Diabetes prevention in a faith-based setting: results of translational research. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008;14(1):29–32.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Samuel-Hodge CD, Keyserling TC, Park S, Johnston LF, Gizlice Z, Bangdiwala SI. A randomized trial of a church-based diabetes self-management program for African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35(3):439–54.PubMedCrossRef Samuel-Hodge CD, Keyserling TC, Park S, Johnston LF, Gizlice Z, Bangdiwala SI. A randomized trial of a church-based diabetes self-management program for African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35(3):439–54.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Kennedy BM, Paeratakul S, Champagne CM, et al. A pilot church-based weight loss program for African-American adults using church members as health educators: a comparison of individual and group intervention. Ethn Dis. 2005;15:373–8.PubMed Kennedy BM, Paeratakul S, Champagne CM, et al. A pilot church-based weight loss program for African-American adults using church members as health educators: a comparison of individual and group intervention. Ethn Dis. 2005;15:373–8.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Darnell JS, Chang C-H, Calhoun EA. Knowledge about breast cancer and participation in a faith-based breast cancer program and other predictors of mammography screening among African American women and Latinas. Health Promot Pract. 2006;7:201S–12S.PubMedCrossRef Darnell JS, Chang C-H, Calhoun EA. Knowledge about breast cancer and participation in a faith-based breast cancer program and other predictors of mammography screening among African American women and Latinas. Health Promot Pract. 2006;7:201S–12S.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Lewis TO. LGBT-affirming black churches’ responses to the HIV/AIDS crisis. J Relig Spiritual Soc Work Soc Thought. 2015;34(2):140–57.CrossRef Lewis TO. LGBT-affirming black churches’ responses to the HIV/AIDS crisis. J Relig Spiritual Soc Work Soc Thought. 2015;34(2):140–57.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men--five US cities, June 2004-April 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54(24):597–601. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men--five US cities, June 2004-April 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54(24):597–601.
48.
go back to reference Collins CE, Whiters DL, Braithwaite R. The SAVED SISTA project: a faith-based HIV prevention program for black women in addiction recovery. Am J Health Stud. 2007;22(2):76–82. Collins CE, Whiters DL, Braithwaite R. The SAVED SISTA project: a faith-based HIV prevention program for black women in addiction recovery. Am J Health Stud. 2007;22(2):76–82.
49.
go back to reference Wingood GM, Simpson-Robinson L, Braxton ND, Raiford JL. Design of a faith-based HIV intervention: successful collaboration between a university and a church. Health Promot Pract. 2011;12(6):823–31.PubMedCrossRef Wingood GM, Simpson-Robinson L, Braxton ND, Raiford JL. Design of a faith-based HIV intervention: successful collaboration between a university and a church. Health Promot Pract. 2011;12(6):823–31.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Baldwin JA, Daley E, Brown EJ, et al. Knowledge and perception of STI/HIV risk among rural African-American youth: lessons learned in a faith-based pilot program. J HIV AIDS Prev Child Youth. 2008;9(1):97–114.CrossRef Baldwin JA, Daley E, Brown EJ, et al. Knowledge and perception of STI/HIV risk among rural African-American youth: lessons learned in a faith-based pilot program. J HIV AIDS Prev Child Youth. 2008;9(1):97–114.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Griffith DM, Campbell B, Allen JO, Robinson KJ, Stewart SK. YOUR blessed health: an HIV-prevention program bridging faith and public health communities. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(Supp 1):4–11.PubMedPubMedCentral Griffith DM, Campbell B, Allen JO, Robinson KJ, Stewart SK. YOUR blessed health: an HIV-prevention program bridging faith and public health communities. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(Supp 1):4–11.PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
go back to reference Lightfoot AF, Taggart T, Woods-Jaeger BA, Riggins L, Jackson MR, Eng E. Where is the faith? Using a CBPR approach to propose adaptations to an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention for adolescents in African American faith settings. J Relig Health. 2014;53(4):1223–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lightfoot AF, Taggart T, Woods-Jaeger BA, Riggins L, Jackson MR, Eng E. Where is the faith? Using a CBPR approach to propose adaptations to an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention for adolescents in African American faith settings. J Relig Health. 2014;53(4):1223–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
go back to reference MacMaster SA, Jones JL, Rasch RFR, Crawford SL, Thompson S, Sanders EC. Evaluation of a faith-based culturally relevant program for African American substance users at risk for HIV in the southern United States. Res Soc Work Pract. 2007;17(2):229–38.CrossRef MacMaster SA, Jones JL, Rasch RFR, Crawford SL, Thompson S, Sanders EC. Evaluation of a faith-based culturally relevant program for African American substance users at risk for HIV in the southern United States. Res Soc Work Pract. 2007;17(2):229–38.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Berkley-Patton J, Bowe-Thompson C, Bradley-Ewing A, et al. Taking it to the pews: a CBPR-guided HIV awareness and screening project with black churches. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(3):218–37.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Berkley-Patton J, Bowe-Thompson C, Bradley-Ewing A, et al. Taking it to the pews: a CBPR-guided HIV awareness and screening project with black churches. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(3):218–37.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Derose KP, Bogart LM, Kanouse DE, et al. An intervention to reduce HIV-related stigma in partnership with African American and Latino churches. AIDS Educ Prev. 2014;26(1):28–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Derose KP, Bogart LM, Kanouse DE, et al. An intervention to reduce HIV-related stigma in partnership with African American and Latino churches. AIDS Educ Prev. 2014;26(1):28–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Abara W, Coleman JD, Fairchild A, Gaddist B, White J. A faith-based community partnership to address HIV/AIDS in the southern United States: implementation, challenges, and lessons learned. J Relig Health. 2015;54:122–33.PubMedCrossRef Abara W, Coleman JD, Fairchild A, Gaddist B, White J. A faith-based community partnership to address HIV/AIDS in the southern United States: implementation, challenges, and lessons learned. J Relig Health. 2015;54:122–33.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Agate LL, Cato-Watson DM, Mullins JM, et al. Churches united to stop HIV (CUSH): a faith-based HIV prevention initiative. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97(7):60S–3S.PubMedPubMedCentral Agate LL, Cato-Watson DM, Mullins JM, et al. Churches united to stop HIV (CUSH): a faith-based HIV prevention initiative. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97(7):60S–3S.PubMedPubMedCentral
58.
go back to reference Tyrell CO, Klein SJ, Gieryic SM, Devore BS, Cooper JG, Tesoriero JM. Early results of a statewide initiative to involve faith communities in HIV prevention. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008;14(5):429–36.PubMedCrossRef Tyrell CO, Klein SJ, Gieryic SM, Devore BS, Cooper JG, Tesoriero JM. Early results of a statewide initiative to involve faith communities in HIV prevention. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2008;14(5):429–36.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM. A randomized controlled trial of an HIV sexual risk—reduction intervention for young African-American women. JAMA. 1995;274(16):1271–6.PubMedCrossRef DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM. A randomized controlled trial of an HIV sexual risk—reduction intervention for young African-American women. JAMA. 1995;274(16):1271–6.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Stanton BF, Li X, Ricardo I, Galbraith J, Feigelman S, Kaljee L. A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of an AIDS prevention program for low-income African-American youths. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(4):363–72.PubMedCrossRef Stanton BF, Li X, Ricardo I, Galbraith J, Feigelman S, Kaljee L. A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial of an AIDS prevention program for low-income African-American youths. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(4):363–72.PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Jones KT, Gray P, Whiteside YO, et al. Evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention adapted for black men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(6):1043–50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jones KT, Gray P, Whiteside YO, et al. Evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention adapted for black men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(6):1043–50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Wilton L, Herbst J, Coury-Doniger P, et al. Efficacy of an HIV/STI prevention intervention for black men who have sex with men: findings from the Many, Men Many Voices project. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(3):532–44.PubMedCrossRef Wilton L, Herbst J, Coury-Doniger P, et al. Efficacy of an HIV/STI prevention intervention for black men who have sex with men: findings from the Many, Men Many Voices project. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(3):532–44.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Koblin BA, Mayer KH, Eshleman SH, et al. Correlates of HIV acquisition in a cohort of black men who have sex with men in the United States: HIV prevention trials network (HPTN) 061. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e70413.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Koblin BA, Mayer KH, Eshleman SH, et al. Correlates of HIV acquisition in a cohort of black men who have sex with men in the United States: HIV prevention trials network (HPTN) 061. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e70413.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Jeffries 4th WL, Townsend ES, Gelaude DJ, Torrone EA, Gasiorowicz M, Bertolli J. HIV stigma experienced by young men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV infection. AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(1):58–71.PubMedCrossRef Jeffries 4th WL, Townsend ES, Gelaude DJ, Torrone EA, Gasiorowicz M, Bertolli J. HIV stigma experienced by young men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV infection. AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(1):58–71.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African–American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African–American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Eke AN, Mezoff JS, Duncan T, Sogolow ED. Reputationally strong HIV prevention programs: lessons from the front line. AIDS Educ Prev. 2006;18(2):163–75.PubMedCrossRef Eke AN, Mezoff JS, Duncan T, Sogolow ED. Reputationally strong HIV prevention programs: lessons from the front line. AIDS Educ Prev. 2006;18(2):163–75.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Bryant-Davis T, Arline-Bradley S, Sadler K, Duru V. The black church & HIV: the social justice imperative activity manual. Baltimore, MD: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 2013a. Bryant-Davis T, Arline-Bradley S, Sadler K, Duru V. The black church & HIV: the social justice imperative activity manual. Baltimore, MD: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 2013a.
71.
go back to reference Bryant-Davis T, Arline-Bradley S, Sadler K, Duru V. The black church & HIV: the social justice imperative pastoral brief. Baltimore, MD: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 2013b. Bryant-Davis T, Arline-Bradley S, Sadler K, Duru V. The black church & HIV: the social justice imperative pastoral brief. Baltimore, MD: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 2013b.
72.
go back to reference Byron GL. The talking book: African Americans and the bible. Biblical Interpretation. 2010;18(4):430–1.CrossRef Byron GL. The talking book: African Americans and the bible. Biblical Interpretation. 2010;18(4):430–1.CrossRef
74.
go back to reference Nunn A, Cornwall A, Thomas G, et al. What’s god got to do with it? Engaging African-American faith-based institutions in HIV prevention. Glob Public Health. 2013;8(3):258–69.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nunn A, Cornwall A, Thomas G, et al. What’s god got to do with it? Engaging African-American faith-based institutions in HIV prevention. Glob Public Health. 2013;8(3):258–69.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Wilton L. Men who have sex with men of color in the age of AIDS: the sociocultural contexts of stigma, marginalization, and structural inequalities. In: Stone V, Ojikutu B, Rawlings M, Smith K, editors. HIV/AIDS in US communities of color. New York: Springer; 2009. p. 179–211.CrossRef Wilton L. Men who have sex with men of color in the age of AIDS: the sociocultural contexts of stigma, marginalization, and structural inequalities. In: Stone V, Ojikutu B, Rawlings M, Smith K, editors. HIV/AIDS in US communities of color. New York: Springer; 2009. p. 179–211.CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Coogan M. God and sex: what the bible really says. New York, NY: Twelve; 2010. Coogan M. God and sex: what the bible really says. New York, NY: Twelve; 2010.
78.
go back to reference Knust JW. Unprotected texts: the Bible’s surprising contradictions about sex and desire. New York: Harper Collins; 2011. Knust JW. Unprotected texts: the Bible’s surprising contradictions about sex and desire. New York: Harper Collins; 2011.
79.
go back to reference Gutierrez G. A theology of liberation: history, politics, and salvation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books; 1988. Gutierrez G. A theology of liberation: history, politics, and salvation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books; 1988.
80.
go back to reference Cone JH. A black theology of liberation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books; 2010. Cone JH. A black theology of liberation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books; 2010.
81.
go back to reference King Jr ML. A testament of hope: the essential writings of Martin Luther king, Jr. New York, NY: Harper & Row; 1986. King Jr ML. A testament of hope: the essential writings of Martin Luther king, Jr. New York, NY: Harper & Row; 1986.
82.
go back to reference West C. The Cornel West Reader. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1999. West C. The Cornel West Reader. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1999.
83.
go back to reference Leong P. Religion, flesh, and blood: re-creating religious culture in the context of HIV/AIDS. Sociol Relig. 2006;67(3):295–311.CrossRef Leong P. Religion, flesh, and blood: re-creating religious culture in the context of HIV/AIDS. Sociol Relig. 2006;67(3):295–311.CrossRef
84.
go back to reference The Balm in Gilead. The black church speaks!: a collection of historical sermons of HIV/AIDS. Richmond, VA: The Balm in Gilead; 2006. The Balm in Gilead. The black church speaks!: a collection of historical sermons of HIV/AIDS. Richmond, VA: The Balm in Gilead; 2006.
85.
go back to reference Hull SJ, Gasiorowicz M, Hollander G, Short K. Using theory to inform practice: the role of formative research in the construction and implementation of the acceptance journeys social marketing campaign to reduce homophobia. Soc Mar Q. 2013;19(3):139–55.CrossRef Hull SJ, Gasiorowicz M, Hollander G, Short K. Using theory to inform practice: the role of formative research in the construction and implementation of the acceptance journeys social marketing campaign to reduce homophobia. Soc Mar Q. 2013;19(3):139–55.CrossRef
86.
go back to reference Nunn A, Cornwall A, Chute N, et al. Keeping the faith: African American faith leaders’ perspectives and recommendations for reducing racial disparities in HIV/AIDS infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36172.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nunn A, Cornwall A, Chute N, et al. Keeping the faith: African American faith leaders’ perspectives and recommendations for reducing racial disparities in HIV/AIDS infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36172.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Jeffries 4th WL, Gelaude DJ, Torrone EA, et al. Unhealthy environments, unhealthy consequences: experienced homonegativity and HIV infection risk among young men who have sex with men. Glob Public Health. 2017;12(1):116–29.PubMedCrossRef Jeffries 4th WL, Gelaude DJ, Torrone EA, et al. Unhealthy environments, unhealthy consequences: experienced homonegativity and HIV infection risk among young men who have sex with men. Glob Public Health. 2017;12(1):116–29.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Wilson PA, Wittlin NM, Muñoz-Laboy M, Parker R. Ideologies of black churches in New York City and the public health crisis of HIV among black men who have sex with men. Glob Public Health. 2011;6(supp 2):S227–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wilson PA, Wittlin NM, Muñoz-Laboy M, Parker R. Ideologies of black churches in New York City and the public health crisis of HIV among black men who have sex with men. Glob Public Health. 2011;6(supp 2):S227–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
89.
go back to reference Collins WL. The role of African American churches in promoting health among congregations. Soc Work Christ. 2015;42(2):193–204. Collins WL. The role of African American churches in promoting health among congregations. Soc Work Christ. 2015;42(2):193–204.
91.
go back to reference Sutton MY, Parks CP. HIV/AIDS prevention, faith, and spirituality among black/African American and Latino communities in the United States: strengthening scientific faith-based efforts to shift the course of the epidemic and reduce HIV-related health disparities. J Relig Health. 2013;52(2):514–30.PubMedCrossRef Sutton MY, Parks CP. HIV/AIDS prevention, faith, and spirituality among black/African American and Latino communities in the United States: strengthening scientific faith-based efforts to shift the course of the epidemic and reduce HIV-related health disparities. J Relig Health. 2013;52(2):514–30.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
On the Battlefield: The Black Church, Public Health, and the Fight against HIV among African American Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors
William L. Jeffries IV
Madeline Y. Sutton
Agatha N. Eke
Publication date
01-06-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Urban Health / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1099-3460
Electronic ISSN: 1468-2869
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-017-0147-0

Other articles of this Issue 3/2017

Journal of Urban Health 3/2017 Go to the issue