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Acta Neuropathologica
Published in: Acta Neuropathologica 1/2010

Open Access 01-01-2010 | Review

Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology

Authors: Monika Bradl, Hans Lassmann

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica | Issue 1/2010

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Abstract

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons. Due to this complex differentiation program, and due to their unique metabolism/physiology, oligodendrocytes count among the most vulnerable cells of the CNS. In this review, we first describe the different steps eventually culminating in the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths, as they were revealed by studies in rodents. We will then show differences and similarities of human oligodendrocyte development. Finally, we will lay out the different pathways leading to oligodendrocyte and myelin loss in human CNS diseases, and we will reveal the different principles leading to the restoration of myelin sheaths or to a failure to do so.
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Metadata
Title
Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology
Authors
Monika Bradl
Hans Lassmann
Publication date
01-01-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Acta Neuropathologica / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 0001-6322
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0533
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-009-0601-5

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