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Current Gastroenterology Reports

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01-04-2019 | Obesity | Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract (S Rao, Editor)

Obesity, Motility, Diet, and Intestinal Microbiota—Connecting the Dots

Authors: Maya Fayfman, Kristen Flint, Shanthi Srinivasan

Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports | Issue 4/2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The goal of the present review is to explore the relationship between dietary changes and alterations in gut microbiota that contribute to disorders of gut motility and obesity.

Recent Findings

We review the microbiota changes that are seen in obesity, diarrhea, and constipation and look at potential mechanisms of how dysbiosis can predispose to these. We find that microbial metabolites, particularly short chain fatty acids, can lead to signaling changes in the host enterocytes. Microbial alteration leading to both motility disorders and obesity may be mediated by the release of hormones including glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1, GLP-2) and polypeptide YY (PYY). These pathways provide avenues for microbiota-targeted interventions that can treat both disorders of motility and obesity.

Summary

In summary, multiple mechanisms contribute to the interplay between the microbial dysbiosis, obesity, and dysmotility.

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Title: Obesity, Motility, Diet, and Intestinal Microbiota—Connecting the Dots
Authors: Maya Fayfman
Kristen Flint
Shanthi Srinivasan
Publication date: 01-04-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Constipation
Diarrhea
Respiratory Microbiota
Motility Disorder
Motility Disorder
Constipation
Diarrhea
Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1522-8037
Electronic ISSN: 1534-312X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0680-y

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