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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Published in: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Obesity | Review

Cardiovascular risk and obesity

Authors: C. Cercato, F. A. Fonseca

Published in: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

This is an overview of the mechanisms of obesity and its relation to cardiovascular risks, describing the available treatment options to manage this condition.

Main body

The pathogenesis of obesity includes the balance between calories consumed and energy expenditure followed by the maintenance of body weight. Diet, physical activity, environmental, behavioral and physiological factors are part of the complex process of weight loss, since there are several hormones and peptides involved in regulation of appetite, eating behavior and energy expenditure. The cardiovascular complications associated to obesity are also driven by processes involving hormones and peptides and which include inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, coronary calcification, activation of coagulation, renin angiotensin or the sympathetic nervous systems. Pharmacological treatments are often needed to insure weight loss and weight maintenance as adjuncts to diet and physical activity in people with obesity and overweight patients.

Conclusion

To accomplish satisfactory goals, patients and physicians seek for weight loss, weight maintenance and improvement of the risk factors associated to this condition, especially cardiovascular risk.
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Metadata
Title
Cardiovascular risk and obesity
Authors
C. Cercato
F. A. Fonseca
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1758-5996
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0468-0

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WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

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