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15-11-2023 | Obesity

Associations Between Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Childhood Obesity Incidence

Authors: Nadia M. Sneed, William J. Heerman, Pamela A. Shaw, Kyunghee Han, Tong Chen, Aihua Bian, Shannon Pugh, Stephany Duda, Thomas Lumley, Bryan E. Shepherd

Published in: Maternal and Child Health Journal | Issue 2/2024

Abstract

Introduction

Excessive maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) is strongly correlated with childhood obesity, yet how excess maternal weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) interact to affect early childhood obesity is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether overall and trimester-specific maternal GWG and GDM were associated with obesity in offspring by age 6 years.

Methods

A cohort of 10,335 maternal-child dyads was established from electronic health records. Maternal weights at conception and delivery were estimated from weight trajectory fits using functional principal components analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression, together with generalized raking, examined time-to-childhood-obesity.

Results

Obesity diagnosed prior to age 6 years was estimated at 19.7% (95% CI: 18.3, 21.1). Maternal weight gain during pregnancy was a strong predictor of early childhood obesity (p < 0.0001). The occurrence of early childhood obesity was lower among mothers with GDM compared with those without diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.58, p = 0.014). There was no interaction between maternal weight gain and GDM (p = 0.55). Higher weight gain during the first trimester was associated with lower risk of early childhood obesity (p = 0.0002) whereas higher weight gain during the second and third trimesters was associated with higher risk (p < 0.0001).

Discussion

Results indicated total and trimester-specific maternal weight gain was a strong predictor of early childhood obesity, though obesity risk by age 6 was lower for children of mothers with GDM. Additional research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms directly related to trimester-specific weight gain and GDM that impede or protect against obesity prevalence during early childhood.

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Title: Associations Between Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Childhood Obesity Incidence
Authors: Nadia M. Sneed
William J. Heerman
Pamela A. Shaw
Kyunghee Han
Tong Chen
Aihua Bian
Shannon Pugh
Stephany Duda
Thomas Lumley
Bryan E. Shepherd
Publication date: 15-11-2023
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Published in: Maternal and Child Health Journal / Issue 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1092-7875
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6628
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03853-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Associations Between Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Childhood Obesity Incidence

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

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