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Open Access 04-04-2023 | Obesity | IM - REVIEW

Are gut dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and endotoxemia related to adipose tissue dysfunction in metabolic disorders? Overview of the mechanisms involved

Authors: Daniela Rosendo-Silva, Sofia Viana, Eugénia Carvalho, Flávio Reis, Paulo Matafome

Published in: Internal and Emergency Medicine | Issue 5/2023

Abstract

Recently, compelling evidence points to dysbiosis and disruption of the epithelial intestinal barrier as major players in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Upon the intestinal barrier disruption, components from bacterial metabolism and bacteria itself can reach peripheral tissues through circulation. This has been associated with the low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity and other metabolic diseases. While circulating bacterial DNA has been postulated as a common feature of obesity and even type 2 diabetes, almost no focus has been given to the existence and effects of bacteria in peripheral tissues, namely the adipose tissue. As a symbiont population, it is expected that gut microbiota modulate the immunometabolism of the host, thus influencing energy balance mechanisms and inflammation. Gut inflammatory signals cause direct deleterious inflammatory responses in adipose tissue and may also affect key gut neuroendocrine mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and energy balance, like incretins and ghrelin, which play a role in the gut-brain-adipose tissue axis. Thus, it is of major importance to disclose how gut microbiota and derived signals modulate neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways, which contribute to the dysfunction of adipose tissue and to the metabolic sequelae of obesity and related disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding these topics and identifies new perspectives in this field of research, highlighting new pathways toward the reduction of the inflammatory burden of metabolic diseases.

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Title: Are gut dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and endotoxemia related to adipose tissue dysfunction in metabolic disorders? Overview of the mechanisms involved
Authors: Daniela Rosendo-Silva
Sofia Viana
Eugénia Carvalho
Flávio Reis
Paulo Matafome
Publication date: 04-04-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Respiratory Microbiota
Published in: Internal and Emergency Medicine / Issue 5/2023
Print ISSN: 1828-0447
Electronic ISSN: 1970-9366
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-023-03262-3

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Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

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