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BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Obesity | Research article

Anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity and sitting time patterns in adolescents aged 15–17 years: an international comparison in eight Latin American countries

Authors: Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari, Irina Kovalskys, Mauro Fisberg, Georgina Gomez, Attilio Rigotti, Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Ioná Zalcman Zimberg, Viviana Guajardo, Michael Pratt, Agatha Nogueira Previdelli, Shaun Scholes, Carlos A. Celis-Morales, Dirceu Solé, on behalf of the ELANS Study Group

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Although there is high prevalence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among Latin American adolescents, there is limited evidence on dietary intake and physical activity (PA) patterns in this population. Therefore, we characterized anthropometry, dietary intake, PA and sitting time (ST) in adolescents aged 15–17 years from eight Latin American countries.

Methods

Six hundred seventy-one adolescents (41.4% girls) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) were included. Nutritional status was classified by four BMI (kg/m2) categories. Waist circumference (WC) was categorized as above or below thresholds. Dietary intake was assessed through two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. PA and ST were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We calculated overall and country-specific estimates by sex and tested for differences between boys and girls.

Results

Differences in the prevalence of overweightness (15.1 and 21.6%) and obesity (8.5 and 6.5%) between boys and girls, respectively, were statistically insignificant (p = 0.059). Average energy intake was 2289.7 kcal/day (95% CI: 2231–2350) for boys and 1904.2 kcal/day (95% CI: 1840–1963) for girls (p < 0.001). In relation to macronutrient intake for boys and girls, respectively, the average intake (expressed as percentage of total energy) was 15.0 and 14.9% for protein; 55.4 and 54.9% for carbohydrates; 14.1 and 14.5% for added sugar; 29.5 and 30.1% for total fat; and 9.6 and 9.9% for saturated fat (p > 0.05 for all outcomes). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of total energy (TE) saturated fat and added sugar (>10% of TE) between girls and boys (49.6% versus 44.8 and 81.7% versus 76.1%, respectively). Prevalence of physical inactivity was 19% in boys and 43.7% in girls (p < 0.001). Median levels of vigorous-intensity PA and total PA were significantly higher for boys than for girls (p < 0.05 for both outcomes); whereas levels of ST were similar (273.7 versus 220.0 min/day for boys and girls, respectively; p > 0.05).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the high prevalence of poor dietary intake and physical inactivity in adolescents from Latin American countries. Therefore, effective and sustainable strategies and programmes are needed that promote healthier diets, regular PA and reduce ST among Latin American adolescents.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity and sitting time patterns in adolescents aged 15–17 years: an international comparison in eight Latin American countries
Authors
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
Irina Kovalskys
Mauro Fisberg
Georgina Gomez
Attilio Rigotti
Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria
Martha Cecilia Yépez García
Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres
Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
Viviana Guajardo
Michael Pratt
Agatha Nogueira Previdelli
Shaun Scholes
Carlos A. Celis-Morales
Dirceu Solé
on behalf of the ELANS Study Group
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keywords
Obesity
Obesity
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-1920-x

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