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BMC Geriatrics

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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Nutrition | Research

Serum soluble alpha-klotho klotho and cognitive functioning in older adults aged 60 and 79: an analysis of cross-sectional data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014

Authors: Song Ge, Fanghong Dong, Chong Tian, Chih-Hsiang Yang, Minhui Liu, Jingkai Wei

Published in: BMC Geriatrics | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Objectives

Klotho, consisting of membrane klotho and soluble alpha-klotho, is found to be associated with better cognitive outcomes in small samples of the aged population. We aimed to examine the association of serum soluble alpha-klotho with cognitive functioning among older adults using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults.

Method

A total of 2,173 U.S. older adults aged 60–79 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2014 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Serum soluble alpha-klotho was measured in the laboratory and analyzed with an ELISA kit. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory, the Animal fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on sample means and standard deviations. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the association of quartiles and continuous value of serum soluble alpha-klotho with test-specific and global cognition z-scores. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex. The following covariates were included in the analysis- age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, stroke, prevalent coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. All the information was self-reported or obtained from health exams.

Results

Serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (beta [β] =-0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.25, -0.01). For subgroup analysis, serum soluble alpha-klotho level in the lowest quartile was associated with lower z-scores for DSST (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.003) and global cognition (β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.01) among female participants. No association was found between continuous serum soluble alpha-klotho and cognitive functioning among the participants.

Conclusions

Lower serum soluble alpha-klotho quartile was associated with poorer cognitive functioning among older women. Future studies are expected to examine the longitudinal association between klotho levels and cognitive outcomes.

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Title: Serum soluble alpha-klotho klotho and cognitive functioning in older adults aged 60 and 79: an analysis of cross-sectional data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014
Authors: Song Ge
Fanghong Dong
Chong Tian
Chih-Hsiang Yang
Minhui Liu
Jingkai Wei
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Nutrition
Published in: BMC Geriatrics / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2318
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04661-7

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