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Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 9/2023

04-08-2023 | Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease

A Clinical Approach to Existing and Emerging Therapeutics in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Authors: Heather Y. F. Yong, Jodie M. Burton

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Issue 9/2023

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare but highly disabling disease of the central nervous system. Unlike multiple sclerosis, disability in NMOSD occurs secondary to relapses that, not uncommonly, lead to blindness, paralysis, and death. Recently, newer, targeted immunotherapies have been trialed and are now in the treatment arsenal. We have endeavoured to evaluate the current state of NMOSD therapeutics.

Recent Findings

This review provides a pragmatic evaluation of recent clinical trials and post-marketing data for rituximab, inebilizumab, satralizumab, eculizumab, and ravalizumab, contrasted to older agents. We also review contemporary issues such as treatment in the context of SARS-CoV2 infection and pregnancy.

Summary

There has been a dramatic shift in NMOSD morbidity and mortality with earlier and improved disease recognition, diagnostic accuracy, and the advent of more effective, targeted therapies. Choosing a maintenance therapy remains nuanced depending on patient factors and accessibility. With over 100 putative agents in trials, disease-free survival is now a realistic goal for NMOSD patients.
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Metadata
Title
A Clinical Approach to Existing and Emerging Therapeutics in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors
Heather Y. F. Yong
Jodie M. Burton
Publication date
04-08-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Issue 9/2023
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-023-01287-x

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