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Current Oncology Reports

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Open Access 06-04-2024 | Neuroendocrine Tumor | REVIEW

Radionuclide Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: An Update

Authors: Martina Di Franco, Lucia Zanoni, Emilia Fortunati, Stefano Fanti, Valentina Ambrosini

Published in: Current Oncology Reports | Issue 5/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This paper aims to address the latest findings in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) theranostics, focusing on new evidence and future directions of combined diagnosis with positron emission tomography (PET) and treatment with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).

Recent Findings

Following NETTER-1 trial, PRRT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE was approved by FDA and EMA and is routinely employed in advanced G1 and G2 SST (somatostatin receptor)-expressing NET. Different approaches have been proposed so far to improve the PRRT therapeutic index, encompassing re-treatment protocols, combinations with other therapies and novel indications. Molecular imaging holds a potential added value in characterizing disease biology and heterogeneity using different radiopharmaceuticals (e.g., SST and FDG) and may provide predictive and prognostic parameters. Response assessment criteria are still an unmet need and new theranostic pairs showed preliminary encouraging results.

Summary

PRRT for NET has become a paradigm of modern theranostics. PRRT holds a favorable toxicity profile, and it is associated with a prolonged time to progression, reduction of symptoms, and improved patients’ quality of life. In light of further optimization, different new strategies have been investigated, along with the development of new radiopharmaceuticals.

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Title: Radionuclide Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: An Update
Authors: Martina Di Franco
Lucia Zanoni
Emilia Fortunati
Stefano Fanti
Valentina Ambrosini
Publication date: 06-04-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Neuroendocrine Tumor
Positron Emission Tomography
Published in: Current Oncology Reports / Issue 5/2024
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-024-01526-5

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