Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Urogynecology Journal 11/2014

01-11-2014 | Review Article

Neural control of lower urinary tract and targets for pharmacological therapy

Authors: Maria Augusta T. Bortolini, Andreisa P. M. Bilhar, Rodrigo A. Castro

Published in: International Urogynecology Journal | Issue 11/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Studies on the physiology and pharmacology of the lower urinary tract have brought new information and concepts about the complex neural control of micturition. There are many mechanisms, some proven and others not yet completely understood, in which pharmacological agents may act facilitating the filling, storage, and emptying of the bladder. This review describes the peripheral innervation and the main pathways involved in lower urinary tract control. It also presents potential targets for the treatment of voiding dysfunctions.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Elbadawi A (1996) Functional anatomy of the organs of micturition. Urol Clin N Am 23(2):177–210CrossRef Elbadawi A (1996) Functional anatomy of the organs of micturition. Urol Clin N Am 23(2):177–210CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Chai TC, Steers WD (1996) Neurophysiology of micturition and continence. Urol Clin N Am 23(2):221–236CrossRef Chai TC, Steers WD (1996) Neurophysiology of micturition and continence. Urol Clin N Am 23(2):221–236CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Sugaya K et al (2005) Central nervous control of micturition and urine storage. J Smooth Muscle Res 3:117–132CrossRef Sugaya K et al (2005) Central nervous control of micturition and urine storage. J Smooth Muscle Res 3:117–132CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Au JLS et al (1991) Evidence of significant absorption of sodium salicylate from urinary bladder of rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 258:357–364PubMed Au JLS et al (1991) Evidence of significant absorption of sodium salicylate from urinary bladder of rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 258:357–364PubMed
5.
go back to reference Fry CH, Chacko S, Wachter S, Kanai AJ, Takeda M, Young JS (2013) Cell biology. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence, 5th edn. Health Publications, Plymouth Fry CH, Chacko S, Wachter S, Kanai AJ, Takeda M, Young JS (2013) Cell biology. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence, 5th edn. Health Publications, Plymouth
6.
go back to reference Steers WD (1998) Physiology and pharmacology of the bladder and urethra. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, Wein AJ (eds), Campbell’s urology, 7th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 870–915 Steers WD (1998) Physiology and pharmacology of the bladder and urethra. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, Wein AJ (eds), Campbell’s urology, 7th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 870–915
7.
go back to reference Sugaya K, de Groat WC (2000) Influence of temperature on activity of the isolated whole bladder preparation of neonatal and adult rats. Am J Physiol 278:R238–R246 Sugaya K, de Groat WC (2000) Influence of temperature on activity of the isolated whole bladder preparation of neonatal and adult rats. Am J Physiol 278:R238–R246
8.
go back to reference Unger CA, Tunitsky-Bitton E, Muffly T, Barber MD (2014) Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and dysfunction of the female lower urinary tract: a review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 20(2):65–75PubMedCrossRef Unger CA, Tunitsky-Bitton E, Muffly T, Barber MD (2014) Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and dysfunction of the female lower urinary tract: a review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 20(2):65–75PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Girão MJBC et al (2002) Neurofisiologia da micção. In: Girão MJBC (ed) Cirurgia vaginal e uroginecologia, 2nd edn. Ed Artes Médicas, Porto Alegre, pp 13–20 Girão MJBC et al (2002) Neurofisiologia da micção. In: Girão MJBC (ed) Cirurgia vaginal e uroginecologia, 2nd edn. Ed Artes Médicas, Porto Alegre, pp 13–20
10.
go back to reference De Groat WC, Booth AM, Yoshimura N (1993) Neurophysiology of micturition and its modification in animals models of human disease. In: Maggi CA (ed): The autonomic nervous system. Nervous control of the urogenital system, vol 3, Harwood Academic, Chur, pp 227–289 De Groat WC, Booth AM, Yoshimura N (1993) Neurophysiology of micturition and its modification in animals models of human disease. In: Maggi CA (ed): The autonomic nervous system. Nervous control of the urogenital system, vol 3, Harwood Academic, Chur, pp 227–289
11.
go back to reference Ralevic V, Burnstock G (1998) Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev 50:413–492PubMed Ralevic V, Burnstock G (1998) Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev 50:413–492PubMed
12.
go back to reference Sugaya K et al (1988) Efferent and primary afferent neural pathways innervating the lower urinary tract of the cat. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 79:68–887 Sugaya K et al (1988) Efferent and primary afferent neural pathways innervating the lower urinary tract of the cat. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 79:68–887
13.
go back to reference Andersson KE (1993) Pharmacology of lower urinary tract smooth muscle and penile erection tissues. Pharmacol Rev 45:253–308 Andersson KE (1993) Pharmacology of lower urinary tract smooth muscle and penile erection tissues. Pharmacol Rev 45:253–308
14.
go back to reference Andersson KE, Arner A (2004) Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 84:935–986PubMedCrossRef Andersson KE, Arner A (2004) Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 84:935–986PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Morrison J, Birder L, Craggs M, De Groat WC, Downie J, Drake M, Fowler C, Thor K (2005) Neural control. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence. Health Publications, Jersey, pp 363–422 Morrison J, Birder L, Craggs M, De Groat WC, Downie J, Drake M, Fowler C, Thor K (2005) Neural control. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence. Health Publications, Jersey, pp 363–422
16.
go back to reference Burnstock G (2001) Purinergic signaling in the lower urinary tract. Abbracchio MP, Williams M (eds) Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Springer, Berlin, pp 423–515 Burnstock G (2001) Purinergic signaling in the lower urinary tract. Abbracchio MP, Williams M (eds) Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Springer, Berlin, pp 423–515
17.
go back to reference Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJM (1998) International union of pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 50:279–290PubMed Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJM (1998) International union of pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 50:279–290PubMed
18.
go back to reference Matsui M, Motomura D, Karasawa H, Fujikawa T, Jiang J, Komiya Y, Takahashi S, Taketo MM (2000) Multiple functional defects in peripheral autonomic organs in mice lacking muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene for the M3 subtype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:9579–9584PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Matsui M, Motomura D, Karasawa H, Fujikawa T, Jiang J, Komiya Y, Takahashi S, Taketo MM (2000) Multiple functional defects in peripheral autonomic organs in mice lacking muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene for the M3 subtype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:9579–9584PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference Matsui M, Motomura D, Fujikawa T, Jiang J, Takahashi S, Manabe T, Taketo MM (2002) Mice lacking M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are devoid of cholinergic smooth muscle contractions but still viable. J Neurosci 22:10627–10632PubMed Matsui M, Motomura D, Fujikawa T, Jiang J, Takahashi S, Manabe T, Taketo MM (2002) Mice lacking M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are devoid of cholinergic smooth muscle contractions but still viable. J Neurosci 22:10627–10632PubMed
20.
go back to reference Bennett BC et al (1993) Role of nitric oxide in reflex urethral sphincter relaxation during micturition. Soc Neurosci Abstr 19:511 Bennett BC et al (1993) Role of nitric oxide in reflex urethral sphincter relaxation during micturition. Soc Neurosci Abstr 19:511
21.
go back to reference Mattiasson A et al (1987) Interaction between adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals in the rabbit, cat and man. J Urol 137:1017–1019PubMed Mattiasson A et al (1987) Interaction between adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals in the rabbit, cat and man. J Urol 137:1017–1019PubMed
22.
go back to reference Thornburry KD et al (1992) Medication by nitric oxide of neurogenic relaxation in the bladder neck muscle in sheep. J Physiol Lond 451:133–144 Thornburry KD et al (1992) Medication by nitric oxide of neurogenic relaxation in the bladder neck muscle in sheep. J Physiol Lond 451:133–144
23.
go back to reference Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004) Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract: basic for current and future treatments of urinary incontinence. Pharmacol Rev 56:581–631PubMedCrossRef Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004) Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract: basic for current and future treatments of urinary incontinence. Pharmacol Rev 56:581–631PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Clemens JQ (2010) Basic bladder neurophysiology. Urol Clin N Am 37:487–494CrossRef Clemens JQ (2010) Basic bladder neurophysiology. Urol Clin N Am 37:487–494CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Takeda M, Obara K, Mizusawa T, Tomita Y, Arai K, Tsutsui T et al (1999) Evidence for beta3-adrenoceptor subtypes in relaxation of the human urinary bladder detrusor: analysis by molecular biological and pharmacological methods. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288(3):1367–1373PubMed Takeda M, Obara K, Mizusawa T, Tomita Y, Arai K, Tsutsui T et al (1999) Evidence for beta3-adrenoceptor subtypes in relaxation of the human urinary bladder detrusor: analysis by molecular biological and pharmacological methods. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288(3):1367–1373PubMed
26.
go back to reference Takeda H, Yamazaki Y, Akahane M, Igawa Y, Ajisawa Y, Nishizawa O (2000) Role of the beta (3)-adrenoceptor in urine storage in the rat: comparison between the selective beta (3)-adrenoceptor agonist, CL316, 243, and various smooth muscle relaxants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 293(3):939–945PubMed Takeda H, Yamazaki Y, Akahane M, Igawa Y, Ajisawa Y, Nishizawa O (2000) Role of the beta (3)-adrenoceptor in urine storage in the rat: comparison between the selective beta (3)-adrenoceptor agonist, CL316, 243, and various smooth muscle relaxants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 293(3):939–945PubMed
27.
28.
go back to reference De Groat WC, Booth AM (1993) Synaptic transmission in pelvic ganglia. The autonomic nervous system, vol 3. In: Maggi CA (ed) Nervous control of the urogenital system. Harwood Academic, London, pp 291–347 De Groat WC, Booth AM (1993) Synaptic transmission in pelvic ganglia. The autonomic nervous system, vol 3. In: Maggi CA (ed) Nervous control of the urogenital system. Harwood Academic, London, pp 291–347
29.
go back to reference Thor K, Morgan C, Nadelhaft I, Houston M, De Groat WC (1989) Organization of afferent and efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve of the female cat. J Comp Neurol 288:263–279PubMedCrossRef Thor K, Morgan C, Nadelhaft I, Houston M, De Groat WC (1989) Organization of afferent and efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve of the female cat. J Comp Neurol 288:263–279PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference De Groat WC, Fraser MO, Yoshiyama M, Smerin S, Tai C, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N, Roppolo JR (2001) Neural control of the urethra. Scand J Urol Nephrol 35 [Suppl 201]:35–43CrossRef De Groat WC, Fraser MO, Yoshiyama M, Smerin S, Tai C, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N, Roppolo JR (2001) Neural control of the urethra. Scand J Urol Nephrol 35 [Suppl 201]:35–43CrossRef
31.
32.
go back to reference Gosling JA et al (1977) The autonomic innervation of the urethra of the human male and female bladder neck and proximal urethra. J Urol 118:302–305PubMed Gosling JA et al (1977) The autonomic innervation of the urethra of the human male and female bladder neck and proximal urethra. J Urol 118:302–305PubMed
33.
go back to reference Elbadawi A, Atta MA (1985) Ultrastructural analysis of vesicourethral innervation: evidence for somatomotor plus autonomic innervation of the feline rhabdosphincter. Neurourol Urodyn 4:23–36CrossRef Elbadawi A, Atta MA (1985) Ultrastructural analysis of vesicourethral innervation: evidence for somatomotor plus autonomic innervation of the feline rhabdosphincter. Neurourol Urodyn 4:23–36CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Kakizaki H et al (1986) Na electromyographic study of the urethral rhabdosphincter in normal and chronically rhizotomized cats. Analysis of electrical potentials evoked by sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia of the cat. In: Hanin I (ed) Dynamics of cholinergic function. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1057–1066 Kakizaki H et al (1986) Na electromyographic study of the urethral rhabdosphincter in normal and chronically rhizotomized cats. Analysis of electrical potentials evoked by sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia of the cat. In: Hanin I (ed) Dynamics of cholinergic function. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1057–1066
35.
go back to reference Maggi CA (1993) The dual, sensory and efferent function of the capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons in the urinary bladder and urethra. In: Maggi CA (ed) Nervous control of the urogenital system. Harwood Academic, London pp 383–422 Maggi CA (1993) The dual, sensory and efferent function of the capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons in the urinary bladder and urethra. In: Maggi CA (ed) Nervous control of the urogenital system. Harwood Academic, London pp 383–422
36.
go back to reference Morrison JFB (1999) The activation of bladder wall afferent nerves. Exp Physiol 84:131–136PubMed Morrison JFB (1999) The activation of bladder wall afferent nerves. Exp Physiol 84:131–136PubMed
37.
go back to reference Pinna C et al (1999) Prostaglandin-release impairment in the bladder epithelium of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 388:267–273CrossRef Pinna C et al (1999) Prostaglandin-release impairment in the bladder epithelium of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 388:267–273CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Downie JW, Karmazyn M (1984) Mechanical trauma to bladder epithelium liberates prostanoids which modulate neurotransmission in rabbit detrusor muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230:445–449PubMed Downie JW, Karmazyn M (1984) Mechanical trauma to bladder epithelium liberates prostanoids which modulate neurotransmission in rabbit detrusor muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230:445–449PubMed
39.
go back to reference Chuang Y, Fraser MO, Yu Y, Chancellor MB, De Groat WC, Yoshimura N (2001) The role of bladder afferent pathways in the bladder hyperactivity induced by intravesical administration of nerve growth factor. J Urol 165:975–979PubMedCrossRef Chuang Y, Fraser MO, Yu Y, Chancellor MB, De Groat WC, Yoshimura N (2001) The role of bladder afferent pathways in the bladder hyperactivity induced by intravesical administration of nerve growth factor. J Urol 165:975–979PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Rong W, Spyer KM, Burnstock G (2002) Activation and sensitization of low and high threshold afferent fibres mediated by P2X receptors in the mouse urinary bladder. J Physiol Lond 541:591–600PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Rong W, Spyer KM, Burnstock G (2002) Activation and sensitization of low and high threshold afferent fibres mediated by P2X receptors in the mouse urinary bladder. J Physiol Lond 541:591–600PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
41.
go back to reference Andersson KE, Appell R, Awad S, Chapple C, Drutz H, Fourcroy J, Finkbeiner AE, Haab F, Wein A (2002) Pharmacological treatment of urinary incontinence. In: Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence, 1st international consultation on incontinence. Plymbridge, Plymouth, pp 479–512 Andersson KE, Appell R, Awad S, Chapple C, Drutz H, Fourcroy J, Finkbeiner AE, Haab F, Wein A (2002) Pharmacological treatment of urinary incontinence. In: Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence, 1st international consultation on incontinence. Plymbridge, Plymouth, pp 479–512
42.
go back to reference Keast JR, De Groat WC (1992) Segmental distribution and peptide content of primary afferent neurons innervating the urogenital organs and colon of male rats. J Comp Neurol 319:615–623PubMedCrossRef Keast JR, De Groat WC (1992) Segmental distribution and peptide content of primary afferent neurons innervating the urogenital organs and colon of male rats. J Comp Neurol 319:615–623PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Christianson JA, Liang R, Davis BM, Fraser MO, Pezzone MA (2004) Retrograde labeling of urinary bladder and distal colonic afferents: a potential role of dichotomizing afferents in the overlap of chronic pelvic pain disorders. Gastroenterology 126:A115 Christianson JA, Liang R, Davis BM, Fraser MO, Pezzone MA (2004) Retrograde labeling of urinary bladder and distal colonic afferents: a potential role of dichotomizing afferents in the overlap of chronic pelvic pain disorders. Gastroenterology 126:A115
44.
go back to reference Pezzone MA, Liang R, Fraser MO (2005) A model of neural cross-talk and irritation in the pelvis: implications for the overlap of chronic pelvic pain disorders. Gastroenterology 128:1953–1964PubMedCrossRef Pezzone MA, Liang R, Fraser MO (2005) A model of neural cross-talk and irritation in the pelvis: implications for the overlap of chronic pelvic pain disorders. Gastroenterology 128:1953–1964PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Gupta SK, Sathyan G (1999) Pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day controlled-release oxybutynin formulation compared with immediate-release oxybutynin. J Clin Pharmacol 39:289–296PubMed Gupta SK, Sathyan G (1999) Pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day controlled-release oxybutynin formulation compared with immediate-release oxybutynin. J Clin Pharmacol 39:289–296PubMed
46.
go back to reference Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N (2002) V. Physiology and pharmacology of the bladder and urethra. In: Walsh, PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, Wein AJ (eds) Campbell’s urology, vol 2, 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 831–886 Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N (2002) V. Physiology and pharmacology of the bladder and urethra. In: Walsh, PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, Wein AJ (eds) Campbell’s urology, vol 2, 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 831–886
47.
go back to reference Chapple CR, Yamanishi T, Chess-Williams R (2002) Muscarinic receptor subtypes and management of the overactive bladder. Urology 60:82–88PubMedCrossRef Chapple CR, Yamanishi T, Chess-Williams R (2002) Muscarinic receptor subtypes and management of the overactive bladder. Urology 60:82–88PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Yoshimura N, Chancellor MB (2002) Current and future pharmacological treatment for overactive bladder. J Urol 168:1897–1913PubMedCrossRef Yoshimura N, Chancellor MB (2002) Current and future pharmacological treatment for overactive bladder. J Urol 168:1897–1913PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Levin RM et al (1986) Functional effects of the purinergic innervation of the rabbit urinary bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 236:1327–1332 Levin RM et al (1986) Functional effects of the purinergic innervation of the rabbit urinary bladder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 236:1327–1332
50.
go back to reference Gibson SJ et al (1986) A VIP/PHI pathways links urinary bladder and sacral spinal cord. Peptides 7 [Suppl 1]:205–219PubMedCrossRef Gibson SJ et al (1986) A VIP/PHI pathways links urinary bladder and sacral spinal cord. Peptides 7 [Suppl 1]:205–219PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference De Groat WC et al (1983) Role of neuropeptides in the sacral autonomic reflex pathways of the cat. J Auton Nerv Syst 7:339–350PubMedCrossRef De Groat WC et al (1983) Role of neuropeptides in the sacral autonomic reflex pathways of the cat. J Auton Nerv Syst 7:339–350PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Smith CP, Chancellor MB (2004) Emerging role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of voiding dysfunction. J Urol 171:2128–2137PubMedCrossRef Smith CP, Chancellor MB (2004) Emerging role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of voiding dysfunction. J Urol 171:2128–2137PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Schurch B, De Seze M, Denys P et al (2005) Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study. J Urol 174:196–200PubMedCrossRef Schurch B, De Seze M, Denys P et al (2005) Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study. J Urol 174:196–200PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Smith CP, Boone TB, De Groat WC, Chancellor MB, Somogyi GT (2003) Effect of stimulation intensity and botulinum toxin isoform on rat bladder strip contractions. Brain Res Bull 61:165–171PubMedCrossRef Smith CP, Boone TB, De Groat WC, Chancellor MB, Somogyi GT (2003) Effect of stimulation intensity and botulinum toxin isoform on rat bladder strip contractions. Brain Res Bull 61:165–171PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Smith CP, Franks ME, Mcneil BK, Ghosh R, De Groat WC, Chancellor MB, Somogyi GT (2003) Effect of botulinum toxin A on the autonomic nervous system of the rat lower urinary tract. J Urol 169:1896–1900PubMedCrossRef Smith CP, Franks ME, Mcneil BK, Ghosh R, De Groat WC, Chancellor MB, Somogyi GT (2003) Effect of botulinum toxin A on the autonomic nervous system of the rat lower urinary tract. J Urol 169:1896–1900PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Khera M, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Boone TB, Smith CP (2004) Botulinum toxin A inhibits ATP release from bladder urothelium after chronic spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int 45:987–993PubMedCrossRef Khera M, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Boone TB, Smith CP (2004) Botulinum toxin A inhibits ATP release from bladder urothelium after chronic spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int 45:987–993PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Barrick S, De Groat WC, Birder LA (2004) Regulation of chemical and mechanical-evoked ATP release from urinary bladder urothelium by botulinum toxin A. Soc Neurosci 541:5 Barrick S, De Groat WC, Birder LA (2004) Regulation of chemical and mechanical-evoked ATP release from urinary bladder urothelium by botulinum toxin A. Soc Neurosci 541:5
58.
go back to reference Chuang YC, Yoshimura N, Huang CC, Chiang PH, Chancellor MB (2004) Intravesical botulinum toxin a administration produces analgesia against acetic acid induced bladder pain responses in rats. J Urol 172:1529–1532PubMedCrossRef Chuang YC, Yoshimura N, Huang CC, Chiang PH, Chancellor MB (2004) Intravesical botulinum toxin a administration produces analgesia against acetic acid induced bladder pain responses in rats. J Urol 172:1529–1532PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Vemulakonda VM, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Salas NA, Boone TB, Smith CP (2005) Inhibitory effect of intravesically applied botulinum toxin a in chronic bladder inflammation. J Urol 173:621–624PubMedCrossRef Vemulakonda VM, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Salas NA, Boone TB, Smith CP (2005) Inhibitory effect of intravesically applied botulinum toxin a in chronic bladder inflammation. J Urol 173:621–624PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Prieto D et al (1989) Distribution and density of neuropeptide Y immunoreactive nerve fibers and cells in the horse urinary bladder. J Auton Nerv Syst 27:173–180PubMedCrossRef Prieto D et al (1989) Distribution and density of neuropeptide Y immunoreactive nerve fibers and cells in the horse urinary bladder. J Auton Nerv Syst 27:173–180PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Zoubek J et al (1993) A comparison of inhibitory effects of neuropeptide Y on rat urinary bladder, urethra and vas deferens. Am J Physiol 265:R537–R543PubMed Zoubek J et al (1993) A comparison of inhibitory effects of neuropeptide Y on rat urinary bladder, urethra and vas deferens. Am J Physiol 265:R537–R543PubMed
62.
go back to reference Danuser H, Thor KB (1995) Inhibition of central sympathetic somatic outflow to the lower urinary tract of the cats by alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin. J Urol 153:1308–1312PubMedCrossRef Danuser H, Thor KB (1995) Inhibition of central sympathetic somatic outflow to the lower urinary tract of the cats by alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin. J Urol 153:1308–1312PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Jensen D (1981) Pharmacological studies of uninhibited neurogenic bladder: the influence of adrenergic excitatory and inhibitory drugs on the cystometrogram of neurological patients with normal and uninhibited bladder. Acta Neurol Scand 64:401–426PubMedCrossRef Jensen D (1981) Pharmacological studies of uninhibited neurogenic bladder: the influence of adrenergic excitatory and inhibitory drugs on the cystometrogram of neurological patients with normal and uninhibited bladder. Acta Neurol Scand 64:401–426PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Nergardh A, Boreus LO (1972) Autonomic receptor function in the lower urinary tract of man and cat. Scand J Urol Nephrol 6:32–36PubMedCrossRef Nergardh A, Boreus LO (1972) Autonomic receptor function in the lower urinary tract of man and cat. Scand J Urol Nephrol 6:32–36PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Nordling L (1983) Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on lower urinary tract in man. Neurourol Urodyn 2:3–45CrossRef Nordling L (1983) Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on lower urinary tract in man. Neurourol Urodyn 2:3–45CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Williams JH, Brading A (1992) Urethral sphincter: normal function and changes in disease. In: Daniel EE, Tomira T, Tschuida S, Watanabe M (eds) Sphincters. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 315–338 Williams JH, Brading A (1992) Urethral sphincter: normal function and changes in disease. In: Daniel EE, Tomira T, Tschuida S, Watanabe M (eds) Sphincters. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 315–338
67.
go back to reference Takasu T, Ukai M, Sato S, Matsui T, Nagase I, Maruyama T et al (2007) Effect of (R)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4′-{2-[(2-hydroxy-2phenylethyl) amino] ethyl} acetanilide (YM178), a novel selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, on bladder function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 321(2):642–647PubMedCrossRef Takasu T, Ukai M, Sato S, Matsui T, Nagase I, Maruyama T et al (2007) Effect of (R)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4′-{2-[(2-hydroxy-2phenylethyl) amino] ethyl} acetanilide (YM178), a novel selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, on bladder function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 321(2):642–647PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Suguita MAA, Girão MJBC, Simões MJ, Sartori MGF, Baracat EC, Rodrigues de Lima GA (2000) morphologic and morphometric study of the vesical mucosa and urethra of castrated female rats following estrogen and/or progestogen replacement. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 27:176–178PubMed Suguita MAA, Girão MJBC, Simões MJ, Sartori MGF, Baracat EC, Rodrigues de Lima GA (2000) morphologic and morphometric study of the vesical mucosa and urethra of castrated female rats following estrogen and/or progestogen replacement. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 27:176–178PubMed
69.
go back to reference Girão MJBC, Jármy-DiBella ZIK, Sartori MGF, Baracat EC, Lima GR (2001) Doppler velocimetry parameters of periurethral vessels in postmenopausal incontinent women receiving estrogen replacement. Int Urogynecol J 2:241–246 Girão MJBC, Jármy-DiBella ZIK, Sartori MGF, Baracat EC, Lima GR (2001) Doppler velocimetry parameters of periurethral vessels in postmenopausal incontinent women receiving estrogen replacement. Int Urogynecol J 2:241–246
70.
go back to reference Sartori MGF, Girão MJBC, de Jesus SM, Sartori JP, Baracat EC, Rodrigues de Lima G (2001) Quantitative evaluation of collagen and muscle fibers in the lower urinary tract of castrated and under-hormone replacement female rats. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 28:92–96PubMed Sartori MGF, Girão MJBC, de Jesus SM, Sartori JP, Baracat EC, Rodrigues de Lima G (2001) Quantitative evaluation of collagen and muscle fibers in the lower urinary tract of castrated and under-hormone replacement female rats. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 28:92–96PubMed
71.
go back to reference De Deus JM, Girão MJ, Sartori MG et al (2003) Glycosaminoglycan profile in bladder and urethra of castrated rats treated with estrogen, progestogen, and raloxifene. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189(6):1654–1659PubMedCrossRef De Deus JM, Girão MJ, Sartori MG et al (2003) Glycosaminoglycan profile in bladder and urethra of castrated rats treated with estrogen, progestogen, and raloxifene. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189(6):1654–1659PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Robinson D, Cardozo LD (2003) The role of estrogens in female lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urology 62 [Suppl 4A]:45–51PubMedCrossRef Robinson D, Cardozo LD (2003) The role of estrogens in female lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urology 62 [Suppl 4A]:45–51PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Hendrix SL, Cochrane BB et al (2005) Effects of estrogen with and without progestin on urinary incontinence. JAMA 293(8):935–1001PubMedCrossRef Hendrix SL, Cochrane BB et al (2005) Effects of estrogen with and without progestin on urinary incontinence. JAMA 293(8):935–1001PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Sairam K, Kulinskaya E, McNicholas TA et al (2002) Sildenafil influences lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int 90:836–839PubMedCrossRef Sairam K, Kulinskaya E, McNicholas TA et al (2002) Sildenafil influences lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int 90:836–839PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference McVary KT, Monnig W, Camps JL Jr et al (2007) Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and urinary symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Urol 177:1071–1077PubMedCrossRef McVary KT, Monnig W, Camps JL Jr et al (2007) Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and urinary symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Urol 177:1071–1077PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference McVary KT, Roehrborn CG, Kaminetsky JC et al (2007) Tadalafil relieves lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 177:1401–1407PubMedCrossRef McVary KT, Roehrborn CG, Kaminetsky JC et al (2007) Tadalafil relieves lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 177:1401–1407PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Stief CG, Porst H, Neuser D et al (2008) A randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of twice-daily vardenafil in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol 53:1236–1244PubMedCrossRef Stief CG, Porst H, Neuser D et al (2008) A randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of twice-daily vardenafil in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol 53:1236–1244PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Janig W, Morrison JFB (1986) Functional properties of spinal visceral afferents supplying abdominal and pelvic organs, with special emphasis on visceral nociception. In: Cervero F, Morrison JFB (eds) Visceral sensation. Progress in brain research, vol 67. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 87–114CrossRef Janig W, Morrison JFB (1986) Functional properties of spinal visceral afferents supplying abdominal and pelvic organs, with special emphasis on visceral nociception. In: Cervero F, Morrison JFB (eds) Visceral sensation. Progress in brain research, vol 67. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 87–114CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Hisamitsu T, de Groat WC (1984) Inhibitory effect of opioid peptides and morphine applied intrathecally and intracerebroventricularly on the micturition reflex in the cat. Brain Res 298:51–65PubMedCrossRef Hisamitsu T, de Groat WC (1984) Inhibitory effect of opioid peptides and morphine applied intrathecally and intracerebroventricularly on the micturition reflex in the cat. Brain Res 298:51–65PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Booth AM et al (1985) Regulation of urinary bladder capacity by edogenous opioid peptides. J Urol 133:339–342PubMed Booth AM et al (1985) Regulation of urinary bladder capacity by edogenous opioid peptides. J Urol 133:339–342PubMed
81.
go back to reference Herman RM et al (1988) The effect of low dose intrathecal morphine on impaired micturition reflexes in human subjects with spinal cord lesions. Anesthesiology 69:313–318PubMedCrossRef Herman RM et al (1988) The effect of low dose intrathecal morphine on impaired micturition reflexes in human subjects with spinal cord lesions. Anesthesiology 69:313–318PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Lecci A et al (1993) Evidence against a peripheral role of tachykinins in the initiation of micturition reflexes in the anesthetized rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264:1327–1332PubMed Lecci A et al (1993) Evidence against a peripheral role of tachykinins in the initiation of micturition reflexes in the anesthetized rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264:1327–1332PubMed
83.
go back to reference Giuliani R et al (1993) Characterization of tachykinin neurokinin-2 receptor in the human urinary bladder by means of selective receptor antagonists and peptidase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:590–595PubMed Giuliani R et al (1993) Characterization of tachykinin neurokinin-2 receptor in the human urinary bladder by means of selective receptor antagonists and peptidase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:590–595PubMed
84.
85.
go back to reference Rajaofetra N et al (1992) Serotoninergic, noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of Onuf’s nucleus of normal and transected spinal cords of baboons. J Comp Neurol 318:1–17PubMedCrossRef Rajaofetra N et al (1992) Serotoninergic, noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of Onuf’s nucleus of normal and transected spinal cords of baboons. J Comp Neurol 318:1–17PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Norton PA et al (2002) Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:40–48PubMedCrossRef Norton PA et al (2002) Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:40–48PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Thor KB, Donatucci C (2004) Central nervous system control of the lower urinary tract: new pharmacological approaches to stress urinary incontinence in women. J Urol 172(1):27–33PubMedCrossRef Thor KB, Donatucci C (2004) Central nervous system control of the lower urinary tract: new pharmacological approaches to stress urinary incontinence in women. J Urol 172(1):27–33PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Neural control of lower urinary tract and targets for pharmacological therapy
Authors
Maria Augusta T. Bortolini
Andreisa P. M. Bilhar
Rodrigo A. Castro
Publication date
01-11-2014
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
International Urogynecology Journal / Issue 11/2014
Print ISSN: 0937-3462
Electronic ISSN: 1433-3023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-014-2452-4

Other articles of this Issue 11/2014

International Urogynecology Journal 11/2014 Go to the issue