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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 4/2016

01-04-2016

Neighborhood settings, types of social capital and depression among immigrants in Toronto

Authors: Nihaya Daoud, Nasim Haque, Meiyin Gao, Rosane Nisenbaum, Carles Muntaner, Patricia O’Campo

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 4/2016

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Abstract

Purpose

Few studies consider the associations between neighborhood social capital and immigrant’s mental health. We examined associations between bonding, bridging and linking social capital and depression among immigrants in Toronto neighborhoods.

Methods

We used data on immigrants from the neighborhood effects on health and well-being (NEHW) study, conducted in 47 randomly selected greater Toronto area neighborhoods (sample = 916), and a study of one low-income, immigrant receiving neighborhood (IRN) (sample = 600). We conducted logistic regression models for depression (Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D) and social capital types: bonding (social cohesion and informal social control), bridging (group membership) and linking (engagement in political activities), while adjusting for different covariates.

Results

The prevalence of depression was 22.9 % in IRN and 21.4 % in NEHW. The associations between social capital types and depression differed in each sample. Lower social cohesion (bonding) was associated with higher depression in NEHW only. Lower linking social capital (never participated in political activities) was associated with lower depression in IRN only. These associations were consistent after adjustment for different covariates.

Conclusions

Results suggest that social cohesion might have a protective effect from depression among immigrants in NEHW. In IRN, lower linking social capital associated with lower depression might reflect opposite direction association. Bridging social capital was not associated with depression in either sample, indicating that current community building might be insufficient to impact depression. Different pathways might explain how depression among immigrants is impacted by social capital types operating in different neighborhood settings; this could be examined in future longitudinal studies.
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Metadata
Title
Neighborhood settings, types of social capital and depression among immigrants in Toronto
Authors
Nihaya Daoud
Nasim Haque
Meiyin Gao
Rosane Nisenbaum
Carles Muntaner
Patricia O’Campo
Publication date
01-04-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1173-z

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