Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Myocardial Infarction | Research

Association of relative hand grip strength with myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in the Korean population: a large-scale cross-sectional study

Authors: Jeong Hee Chi, Bum Ju Lee

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Low hand grip strength (HGS) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the association between HGS and myocardial infarction/angina pectoris (MIAP) is unclear. Furthermore, there have been no studies examining the associations of MIAP with anthropometric indices, absolute HGS indices, and relative HGS indices calculated by dividing absolute HGS values by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), or weight values. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the associations of MIAP with absolute and relative HGS combined with several anthropometric indices.

Methods

In this large-scale cross-sectional study, a total of 12,963 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations of MIAP with anthropometric indices, absolute HGS indices, and relative HGS indices were computed from binary logistic regression models. We built 3 models: a crude model, a model that was adjusted for age (Model 1), and a model that was adjusted for other relevant covariates (Model 2).

Results

For men, the average age was 61.55 ± 0.16 years in the MIAP group and 66.49 ± 0.61 years in the non-MIAP group. For women, the average age was 61.99 ± 0.14 years in the MIAP group and 70.48 ± 0.61 years in the non-MIAP group. For both sexes, the MIAP group had lower diastolic blood pressure, shorter stature, greater WC, and a greater WHtR than did the non-MIAP group, and women tended to have greater systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI than in men. HGS was strongly associated with the risk of MIAP in the Korean population. In men, relative HGS indices combined with WC and the WHtR had greater associations with MIAP than did the anthropometric indices and absolute HGS indices. However, in women, anthropometric indices, including weight, BMI, WC, and WHtR, were more strongly associated with MIAP than were absolute and relative HGS indices, unlike in men. When comparing absolute and relative HGS indices in women, relative HGS indices combined with BMI and weight was more strongly related to MIAP than was absolute HGS indices.

Conclusions

MIAP might be better identified by relative HGS than absolute HGS in both sexes. The overall magnitudes of the associations of MIAP with absolute and relative HGS are greater in men than in women.
Literature
1.
Yap J, Irei J, Lozano-Gerona J, Vanapruks S, Bishop T, Boisvert WA. Macrophages in cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20:373–85.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Circulation. 2018;138:e618–51.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Mendis S, Thygesen K, Kuulasmaa K, Giampaoli S, Mähönen M, Blackett KN, et al. World health organization definition of myocardial infarction: 2008-09 revision. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:139–46.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A Jr, Orlandini A, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the prospective urban rural epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet. 2015;386:266–73.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Taylor J. Hand grip strength predicts myocardial infarction and stroke. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1845.PubMed
6.
Chainani V, Shaharyar S, Dave K, Choksi V, Ravindranathan S, Hanno R, et al. Objective measures of the frailty syndrome (hand grip strength and gait speed) and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review. Int J Cardiol. 2016;215:487–93.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Lopez-Jaramillo P, Cohen DD, Gómez-Arbeláez D, Bosch J, Dyal L, Yusuf S, et al. Association of handgrip strength to cardiovascular mortality in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: a subanalysis of the ORIGIN trial. Int J Cardiol. 2014;174:458–61.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Park S, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kang MW, Kim K, et al. Relation of poor handgrip strength or slow walking pace to risk of myocardial infarction and fatality. Am J Cardiol. 2022;162:58–65.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:795–808.PubMedCrossRef
10.
11.
Kim YM, Kim S, Bae J, Kim SH, Won YJ. Association between relative hand-grip strength and chronic cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal diseases in koreans: a cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;92:104181.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Jang SK, Kim JH, Lee Y. Effect of relative handgrip strength on cardiovascular disease among Korean adults aged 45 years and older: results from the Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006–2016). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020;86:103937.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Kis OS, Buch A, Eldor R, Moran DS. Hand grip strength relative to waist circumference as a means to identify men and women possessing intact mobility in a cohort of older adults with type 2 diabetes. Biomedicines. 2023;11:352.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Lee WJ, Peng LN, Chiou ST, Chen LK. Relative handgrip strength is a simple indicator of cardiometabolic risk among middle-aged and older people: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0160876.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Lawman HG, Troiano RP, Perna FM, Wang CY, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Associations of relative handgrip strength and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in U.S. adults, 2011–2012. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50:677–83.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Lee I, Cho J, Park J, Kang H. Association of hand-grip strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease index in older adults. J Exerc Nutr Biochem. 2018;22:62–8.CrossRef
17.
Aono J, Higashi H, Higaki J, Ikeda S. The usefulness of the hand grip-exercise test in the diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary-subclavian artery steal syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:1691.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Lee MJ, Khang AR, Yi D, Kang YH. Low relative hand grip strength is associated with a higher risk for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among the Korean population. PLoS ONE. 2022;17:e0275746.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Hamasaki H. What can hand grip strength tell us about type 2 diabetes? Mortality, morbidities and risk of diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2021;16:237–50.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Byeon JY, Lee MK, Yu MS, Kang MJ, Lee DH, Kim KC, et al. Lower relative handgrip strength is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adults. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2019;17:280–8.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Marques A, Matos MG, Henriques-Neto D, Peralta M, Gouveia ÉR, Tesler R, et al. Grip strength and depression symptoms among middle-age and older adults. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95:2134–43.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Smith L, White S, Stubbs B, Hu L, Veronese N, Vancampfort D, et al. Depressive symptoms, handgrip strength, and weight status in US older adults. J Affect Disord. 2018;238:305–10.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Cho J, Johnson BD, Watt KD, Kim CH. Greater muscular strength is associated with a lower risk of pulmonary dysfunction in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Med. 2022;11:4151.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Hong YS, Kim H. Hand grip strength and health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women: a national population-based study. Menopause. 2021;28:1330–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Gubelmann C, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. Association of grip strength with cardiovascular risk markers. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24:514–21.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Chen PJ, Lin MH, Peng LN, Liu CL, Chang CW, Lin YT, et al. Predicting cause-specific mortality of older men living in the Veterans home by handgrip strength and walking speed: a 3-year, prospective cohort study in Taiwan. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:517–21.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Takata Y, Ansai T, Akifusa S, Soh I, Yoshitake Y, Kimura Y, et al. Physical fitness and 4-year mortality in an 80-year-old population. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:851–8.CrossRef
28.
Parra-Soto S, Pell JP, Celis-Morales C, Ho FK. Absolute and relative grip strength as predictors of cancer: prospective cohort study of 445 552 participants in UK Biobank. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13:325–32.PubMedCrossRef
29.
30.
31.
32.
Rossi E, Biasucci LM, Citterio F, Pelliccioni S, Monaco C, Ginnetti F, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and angina in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease: predictive role of C-reactive protein. Circulation. 2002;105:800–3.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Jespersen CM, Als-Nielsen B, Damgaard M, Hansen JF, Hansen S, Helø OH, et al. Randomised placebo controlled multicentre trial to assess short term clarithromycin for patients with stable coronary heart disease: CLARICOR trial. BMJ. 2006;332:22–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Manzi S, Meilahn EN, Rairie JE, Conte CG, Medsger TA Jr, Jansen-McWilliams L, et al. Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145:408–15.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Chi JH, Lee BJ. Association of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris with obesity and biochemical indices in the South Korean population. Sci Rep. 2022;12:13769.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Perez GH, Nicolau JC, Romano BW, Laranjeira R. Smoking-associated factors in myocardial infarction and unstable angina: do gender differences exist? Addict Behav. 2007;32:1295–301.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020;75(6):1334–57.PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
World Health Organization, Screening for Type 2 Diabetes. Report of a World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation meeting, Geneva, 2003.
40.
Laufs U, Dent R, Kostenuik PJ, Toth PP, Catapano AL, Chapman MJ. Why is hypercholesterolaemia so prevalent? A view from evolutionary medicine. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(33):2825–30.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Cohen JD, Cziraky MJ, Cai Q, Wallace A, Wasser T, Crouse JR, et al. 30-year trends in serum lipids among United States adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition examination surveys II, III, and 1999–2006. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(7):969–75.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Lee BJ, Kim JY. Indicators of hypertriglyceridemia from anthropometric measures based on data mining. Comput Biol Med. 2015;57:201–11.PubMedCrossRef
43.
44.
Chi JH, Lee BJ. Association between arthritis and hand grip strength indices combined with anthropometry in an older Korean population. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(8):e0291046.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Valensi P, Lorgis L, Cottin Y. Prevalence, incidence, predictive factors and prognosis of silent myocardial infarction: a review of the literature. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;104:178–88.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Galih A, Tjahjono CT, Widito S, Ruspiono E. Acute myocardial infarction in a 25-years-old male: understanding the risk and comprehensive management. Heart Sci J. 2023;4:44–50.CrossRef
47.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937–52.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Dunder K, Lind L, Lagerqvist B, Zethelius B, Vessby B, Lithell H. Cardiovascular risk factors for stable angina pectoris versus unheralded myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2004;147:502–8.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Sathvik M, Kalva ECSS, Suma G. A study on acute myocardial infarction and its prognostic predictors. Cureus. 2023;15:e34775.PubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Caccamo G, Bonura F, Bonura F, Vitale G, Novo G, Evola S, et al. Insulin resistance and acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis. 2010;211:672–5.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Rasool R, Unar A, Jafar TH, Chanihoon GQ, Mubeen B. A role of thyroid hormones in acute myocardial infarction: an update. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2023;19:e280422204209.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
Leong DP, Smyth A, Teo KK, McKee M, Rangarajan S, Pais P, et al. Patterns of alcohol consumption and myocardial infarction risk: observations from 52 countries in the INTERHEART case-control study. Circulation. 2014;130:390–8.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Sobue Y, Suzuki M, Ohashi Y, Koshima H, Okui N, Funahashi K, et al. Validation of grip strength as a measure of frailty in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep. 2022;12:21090.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
Kwak Y, Kim Y, Chung H. Sex-Associated differences in the Handgrip Strength of Elderly individuals. West J Nurs Res. 2020;42(4):262–8.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Raed A, Bilz J, Cortez-Cooper M, Young L, Chen L, Cromer P, et al. Handgrip and sex-specific cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic/Latino migrant farmworkers. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):10272.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Choi KM, Lee KW, Kim SG, Kim NH, Park CG, Seo HS, et al. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in acute myocardial infarction patients without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:175–80.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Cesari M, Penninx BWJH, Pahor M, Lauretani F, Corsi AM, Williams GR, et al. Inflammatory markers and physical performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59:242–8.CrossRef
58.
Skoog T, Dichtl W, Boquist S, Skoglund-Andersson C, Karpe F, Tang R, et al. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:376–83.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Lebovitz HE, Banerji MA. Point: visceral adiposity is causally related to insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2322–5.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Cleasby ME, Jamieson PM, Atherton PJ. Insulin resistance and sarcopenia: mechanistic links between common co-morbidities. J Endocrinol. 2016;229:R67–81.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Sayer AA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM, Martin HJ, Phillips DIW, Cooper C, et al. Grip strength and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the hertfordshire cohort study. QJM. 2007;100:707–13.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Association of relative hand grip strength with myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in the Korean population: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Authors
Jeong Hee Chi
Bum Ju Lee
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18409-w

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Public Health 1/2024 Go to the issue

Research

Childhood undernutrition mediates the relationship between open defecation with anemia among Ethiopian children: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

Systematic Review

An updated scoping review of migrant health research in Ireland

Research

Finding the missing many: improving Tuberculosis care in Kajiado county through active case finding and community approaches

Correction

Correction: Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among Ethiopian children on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research

Disability-related inequalities in the prevalence of loneliness across the lifespan: trends from Australia, 2003 to 2020

Research

Health system barriers to the first dose of measles immunization in Ethiopia: a qualitative study