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Current Oral Health Reports
Published in: Current Oral Health Reports 1/2019

01-03-2019 | Myelodysplastic Syndrome | Systemic Diseases (N Buduneli, Section Editor)

Epigenetics, Inflammation, and Periodontal Disease

Authors: Manjunatha R. Benakanakere, Livia Finoti, Daniela B. Palioto, Hellen S. Teixeira, Denis F. Kinane

Published in: Current Oral Health Reports | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of the Review

The purpose is to provide current knowledge and recent development and understanding of periodontal disease dysbiosis in the perspective of epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes, where environmental factors modify the gene expression network without changing the DNA sequence, may influence inflammatory diseases such as chronic periodontitis. These chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins cause epigenetic changes that alter cellular function and host defenses.

Recent Findings

Findings suggest that the methylation of cytosine residues on DNA particularly at CpG Islands is commonly associated with gene silencing, and covalent modifications on histones are associated with chromatin structural integrity and function that play crucial roles in gene expression. In periodontal immune dysbiosis, aberrant DNA methylation and/or histone modifications could potentially play a role in disease state.

Summary

We broadly discuss epigenetic modifications related to immune regulation and comprehensively discuss recent developments in the dynamics of epigenetic changes pertaining to chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.
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Metadata
Title
Epigenetics, Inflammation, and Periodontal Disease
Authors
Manjunatha R. Benakanakere
Livia Finoti
Daniela B. Palioto
Hellen S. Teixeira
Denis F. Kinane
Publication date
01-03-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Current Oral Health Reports / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2196-3002
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-019-0208-4

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