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European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

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Open Access 02-02-2022 | Mood Disorders | Original Paper

Depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD: the role of impairments in cognitive emotion regulation

Authors: Jutta S. Mayer, Geva A. Brandt, Juliane Medda, Ulrike Basten, Oliver Grimm, Andreas Reif, Christine M. Freitag

Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience | Issue 5/2022

Abstract

Youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk to develop co-morbid depression. Identifying factors that contribute to depression risk may allow early intervention and prevention. Poor emotion regulation, which is common in adolescents, is a candidate risk factor. Impaired cognitive emotion regulation is a fundamental characteristic of depression and depression risk in the general population. However, little is known about cognitive emotion regulation in youth with ADHD and its link to depression and depression risk. Using explicit and implicit measures, this study assessed cognitive emotion regulation in youth with ADHD (N = 40) compared to demographically matched healthy controls (N = 40) and determined the association with depressive symptomatology. As explicit measure, we assessed the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies via self-report. As implicit measure, performance in an ambiguous cue-conditioning task was assessed as indicator of affective bias in the processing of information. Compared to controls, patients reported more frequent use of maladaptive (i.e., self-blame, catastrophizing, and rumination) and less frequent use of adaptive (i.e., positive reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies. This pattern was associated with the severity of current depressive symptoms in patients. In the implicit measure of cognitive bias, there was no significant difference in response of patients and controls and no association with depression. Our findings point to depression-related alterations in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in youth with ADHD. The study suggests those alterations as a candidate risk factor for ADHD-depression comorbidity that may be used for risk assessment and prevention strategies.

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Title: Depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD: the role of impairments in cognitive emotion regulation
Authors: Jutta S. Mayer
Geva A. Brandt
Juliane Medda
Ulrike Basten
Oliver Grimm
Andreas Reif
Christine M. Freitag
Publication date: 02-02-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Mood Disorders
Affective Disorder
Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience / Issue 5/2022
Print ISSN: 0940-1334
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8491
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-022-01382-z

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

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Depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD: the role of impairments in cognitive emotion regulation

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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