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BMC Psychiatry

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Mood Disorders | Research

Clinical characteristic of prodromal symptoms between bipolar I and II disorder among Chinese patients: a retrospective study

Authors: Qian Zhao, Tong Guo, Yang Li, Lei Zhang, Nan Lyu, Amanda Wilson, Xuequan Zhu, Xiaohong Li

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristic of prodromal symptoms in Chinese patients with bipolar disorder (BD), prior to the first affective episode. It further aimed to characterize the prodromal traits between bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II).

Methods

120 individuals with BD-I (n = 92) and BD- II (n = 28) were recruited to the study. Semi-structured interviews were then administered to evaluate prodromal symptoms in patients, within 3 years of BD onset, by using the Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale-Retrospective (BPSS-R).

Results

In the prodromal phase of the first depressive episode, patients with BD-II experienced more prodromal symptoms (p = 0.0028) compared to BD-I. Additionally, more frequent predictors were reported in patients with BD-II than BD-I including educational and occupational dysfunction (p = 0.0023), social isolation (p < 0.001), difficulty making decisions (p = 0.0012), oppositionality (p = 0.012), and suspiciousness/persecutory ideas (p = 0.017). There were also differences in the duration of the precursors. The duration of “weight loss or decrease in appetite” (p = 0.016) lasted longer in patients with BD-I, while “obsessions and compulsions” (p = 0.023) started earlier in patients with BD-II and occurred during the pre-depressive period. The prevalence and duration of each reported prodrome, preceding a first (hypo) manic episode, showed no difference between patients with BD-I and BD-II.

Conclusions

Specific affective, general, or psychotic symptoms occurred prior to both affective episodes. The characteristic of prodromal symptoms were key predictors for later episodes of BD including attenuated mania-like symptoms, subthreshold depressed mood, mood swings/lability, and anxiety. In the pre-depressive state, when compared to BD-II, BD-I presented with more prodromal symptoms in nonspecific dimensions, which indicated the substantial burden of BD-II. In conclusion, this study extends the understanding of the characteristics of prodromes of BD-I and BD-II.

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Title: Clinical characteristic of prodromal symptoms between bipolar I and II disorder among Chinese patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Qian Zhao
Tong Guo
Yang Li
Lei Zhang
Nan Lyu
Amanda Wilson
Xuequan Zhu
Xiaohong Li
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Mood Disorders
Affective Disorder
Manic Episode
Published in: BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03295-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Clinical characteristic of prodromal symptoms between bipolar I and II disorder among Chinese patients: a retrospective study

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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