Skip to main content
Top
Published in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 6/2005

01-12-2005 | Leading Article

Monitoring Liver Function during Methotrexate Therapy for Psoriasis

Are Routine Biopsies Really Necessary?

Authors: James A. Thomas, Dr Guruprasad P. Aithal

Published in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | Issue 6/2005

Login to get access

Abstract

Methotrexate is a widely used and efficacious treatment for psoriasis. Current recommendations advise liver biopsy after each cumulative 1–1.5g dosage of methotrexate. Although studies of methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis are of variable quality, the evidence indicates that in patients with no risk factors for liver disease on long-term, low-dosage (<20mg), once-weekly methotrexate, liver biopsy is justified after an initial cumulative dosage of 4g. Advances in the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrogenesis may eventually further reduce the need for biopsy.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Gubner R. Effect of aminoptedn on epithelial tissues. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1951; 64 (6): 688–99CrossRef Gubner R. Effect of aminoptedn on epithelial tissues. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1951; 64 (6): 688–99CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Zachariae H. Methotrexate side effects. Br J Dermatol. 1990; 122 Suppl. 36: 127–33 Zachariae H. Methotrexate side effects. Br J Dermatol. 1990; 122 Suppl. 36: 127–33
3.
go back to reference Collins P, Rogers S. The efficacy of methotrexate in psoriasis: a review of 40 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol; 1992; 17 (4): 257–60PubMedCrossRef Collins P, Rogers S. The efficacy of methotrexate in psoriasis: a review of 40 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol; 1992; 17 (4): 257–60PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Van Dooren Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Mulder J, et al. Methotrexate revisited: effects of long-term treatment in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 1994; 130 (2): 204–10PubMedCrossRef Van Dooren Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Mulder J, et al. Methotrexate revisited: effects of long-term treatment in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 1994; 130 (2): 204–10PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Callen JP. Methotrexate. In: Kulp-Shorten CL, Wolverton SE, editors. Comprehensive dermatologic drug therapy. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders Company, 2001:147–64 Callen JP. Methotrexate. In: Kulp-Shorten CL, Wolverton SE, editors. Comprehensive dermatologic drug therapy. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders Company, 2001:147–64
6.
go back to reference Tang H, Neuberger J. Review article: methotrexate in gastroenterology: dangerous villain or simply misunderstood?. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1996; 10 (6): 851–8PubMedCrossRef Tang H, Neuberger J. Review article: methotrexate in gastroenterology: dangerous villain or simply misunderstood?. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1996; 10 (6): 851–8PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Nair MG, Baugh CM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of poly-gammaglutamyl derivatives of methotrexate. Biochemistry. 1973; 12 (20): 3923–7PubMedCrossRef Nair MG, Baugh CM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of poly-gammaglutamyl derivatives of methotrexate. Biochemistry. 1973; 12 (20): 3923–7PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Chabner BA, Allegra CJ, Curt GA, et al. Polyglutamation of methotrexate: is methotrexate a prodrug?. J Clin Invest. 1985; 76 (3): 907–12PubMedCrossRef Chabner BA, Allegra CJ, Curt GA, et al. Polyglutamation of methotrexate: is methotrexate a prodrug?. J Clin Invest. 1985; 76 (3): 907–12PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Barak AJ, Tuma DJ, Beckenhauer HC. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity. J Am Coll Nutr. 1984; 3 (1): 93–6PubMed Barak AJ, Tuma DJ, Beckenhauer HC. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity. J Am Coll Nutr. 1984; 3 (1): 93–6PubMed
10.
go back to reference Roenigk Jr HH, Maibach HI, Weinstein GD. Use of methotrexate in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1972; 105 (3): 363–5PubMedCrossRef Roenigk Jr HH, Maibach HI, Weinstein GD. Use of methotrexate in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1972; 105 (3): 363–5PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Roenigk Jr HH, Auerbach R, Maibach HI, et al. Methotrexate therapy for psoriasis: guideline revisions [abstract]. Arch Dermatol. 1973; 108 (1): 35PubMedCrossRef Roenigk Jr HH, Auerbach R, Maibach HI, et al. Methotrexate therapy for psoriasis: guideline revisions [abstract]. Arch Dermatol. 1973; 108 (1): 35PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Roenigk Jr HH, Auerbach R, Maibach HI, et al. Methotrexate guidelines: revised. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982; 6 (2): 145–55PubMedCrossRef Roenigk Jr HH, Auerbach R, Maibach HI, et al. Methotrexate guidelines: revised. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982; 6 (2): 145–55PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Auerbach R, Maibach HI, Roenigk Jr HH, et al. Methotrexate in psoriasis: revised guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988; 19 (1): 145–56PubMedCrossRef Auerbach R, Maibach HI, Roenigk Jr HH, et al. Methotrexate in psoriasis: revised guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988; 19 (1): 145–56PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Roenigk Jr HH, Auerbach R, Maibach H, et al. Methotrexate in psoriasis: consensus conference. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998; 38 (3): 478–85PubMedCrossRef Roenigk Jr HH, Auerbach R, Maibach H, et al. Methotrexate in psoriasis: consensus conference. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998; 38 (3): 478–85PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Boffa MJ, Chalmers RJ, Haboubi NY, et al. Sequential liver biopsies during longterm methotrexate treatment for psoriasis: a reappraisal. Br J Dermatol. 1995; 133 (5): 774–8PubMedCrossRef Boffa MJ, Chalmers RJ, Haboubi NY, et al. Sequential liver biopsies during longterm methotrexate treatment for psoriasis: a reappraisal. Br J Dermatol. 1995; 133 (5): 774–8PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Zachariae H. Liver biopsies and methotrexate: a time for reconsideration?. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 42 (3): 531–4PubMedCrossRef Zachariae H. Liver biopsies and methotrexate: a time for reconsideration?. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 42 (3): 531–4PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Aithal GP, Haughk B, Das S, et al. Monitoring methotrexate-induced hepatic fibrosis in patients with psoriasis: are serial liver biopsies justified?. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19 (4): 391–9PubMedCrossRef Aithal GP, Haughk B, Das S, et al. Monitoring methotrexate-induced hepatic fibrosis in patients with psoriasis: are serial liver biopsies justified?. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19 (4): 391–9PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference O’Rourke RA, Eckert GE. Methotrexate-induced hepatic injury in an adult: a case report. Arch Intern Med; 1964; 113: 191–4PubMedCrossRef O’Rourke RA, Eckert GE. Methotrexate-induced hepatic injury in an adult: a case report. Arch Intern Med; 1964; 113: 191–4PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Zachariae H, Kragballe K, Søgaard H. Methotrexate induced liver cirrhosis: studies including serial liver biopsies during continued treatment. Br J Dermatol; 1980; 102 (4): 407–12PubMedCrossRef Zachariae H, Kragballe K, Søgaard H. Methotrexate induced liver cirrhosis: studies including serial liver biopsies during continued treatment. Br J Dermatol; 1980; 102 (4): 407–12PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Reese LT, Grisham JW, Aach RD, et al. Effects of methotrexate on the liver in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 1974; 62 (6): 597–602PubMedCrossRef Reese LT, Grisham JW, Aach RD, et al. Effects of methotrexate on the liver in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 1974; 62 (6): 597–602PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Robinson JK, Boughman RD, Auerbach R, et al. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis: consideration of liver biopsies at regular intervals. Arch Dermatol. 1980; 116 (4): 413–5PubMedCrossRef Robinson JK, Boughman RD, Auerbach R, et al. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis: consideration of liver biopsies at regular intervals. Arch Dermatol. 1980; 116 (4): 413–5PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Lanse SB, Arnold GL, Gowans JD, et al. Low incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with long-term, low-dose oral methotrexate in treatment of refractory psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis: an acceptable risk/benefit ratio. Dig Dis Sci. 1985; 30 (2): 104–9PubMedCrossRef Lanse SB, Arnold GL, Gowans JD, et al. Low incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with long-term, low-dose oral methotrexate in treatment of refractory psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis: an acceptable risk/benefit ratio. Dig Dis Sci. 1985; 30 (2): 104–9PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Mitchell D, Smith A, Rowan B, et al. Serum type III procollagen peptide, dynamic liver function tests and hepatic fibrosis in psoriatic patients receiving methotrexate. Br J Dermatol. 1990; 122 (1): 1–7PubMedCrossRef Mitchell D, Smith A, Rowan B, et al. Serum type III procollagen peptide, dynamic liver function tests and hepatic fibrosis in psoriatic patients receiving methotrexate. Br J Dermatol. 1990; 122 (1): 1–7PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Themido R, Loureiro M, Pecegueiro M, et al. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriatic patients submitted to long-term therapy. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992; 72 (5): 361–4PubMed Themido R, Loureiro M, Pecegueiro M, et al. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriatic patients submitted to long-term therapy. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992; 72 (5): 361–4PubMed
25.
go back to reference Malatjalian DA, Ross JB, Williams CN, et al. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriatics: report of 104 patients from Nova Scotia, with analysis of risks from obesity, diabetes and alcohol consumption during long term follow-up. Can J Gastroenterol. 1996; 10 (6): 369–75PubMed Malatjalian DA, Ross JB, Williams CN, et al. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriatics: report of 104 patients from Nova Scotia, with analysis of risks from obesity, diabetes and alcohol consumption during long term follow-up. Can J Gastroenterol. 1996; 10 (6): 369–75PubMed
26.
go back to reference Kremer JM, Lee RG, Tolman KG. Liver histology in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy: a prospective study with baseline and sequential biopsy samples. Arthritis Rheum. 1989; 32 (2): 121–7PubMedCrossRef Kremer JM, Lee RG, Tolman KG. Liver histology in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy: a prospective study with baseline and sequential biopsy samples. Arthritis Rheum. 1989; 32 (2): 121–7PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Pestana A, Halprin KM, Taylor JR, et al. Predictive value of HLA antigen for methotrexate-induced liver damage in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985; 12 (1): 26–9PubMedCrossRef Pestana A, Halprin KM, Taylor JR, et al. Predictive value of HLA antigen for methotrexate-induced liver damage in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985; 12 (1): 26–9PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Weinstein G, Roenigk HH, Maibach H, et al. Psoriasis-liver-methotrexate interactions. Arch Dermatol. 1973; 108: 36–42CrossRef Weinstein G, Roenigk HH, Maibach H, et al. Psoriasis-liver-methotrexate interactions. Arch Dermatol. 1973; 108: 36–42CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Ashton RE, Milward-Sadler GH, White JE. Complications in methotrexate treatment of psoriasis with particular reference to liver fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol. 1982; 79 (4): 229–32PubMedCrossRef Ashton RE, Milward-Sadler GH, White JE. Complications in methotrexate treatment of psoriasis with particular reference to liver fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol. 1982; 79 (4): 229–32PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Whiting-O’Keefe QE, Fye KH, Sack KD. Methotrexate and histologic hepatic abnormalities: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 1991; 90 (6): 711–6PubMedCrossRef Whiting-O’Keefe QE, Fye KH, Sack KD. Methotrexate and histologic hepatic abnormalities: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 1991; 90 (6): 711–6PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Newman M, Auerbach R, Feiner H, et al. The role of liver biopsies in psoriatic patients receiving long-term methotrexate treatment: improvement in liver abnormalities after cessation of treatment. Arch Dermatol. 1989; 125 (9): 1218–24PubMedCrossRef Newman M, Auerbach R, Feiner H, et al. The role of liver biopsies in psoriatic patients receiving long-term methotrexate treatment: improvement in liver abnormalities after cessation of treatment. Arch Dermatol. 1989; 125 (9): 1218–24PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Dahl MG, Gregory MM, Scheuer PJ. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis: comparison of different dose regimens. BMJ. 1972; 1 (801): 654–6PubMedCrossRef Dahl MG, Gregory MM, Scheuer PJ. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis: comparison of different dose regimens. BMJ. 1972; 1 (801): 654–6PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Podurgiel BJ, McGill DB, Ludwig J, et al. Liver injury associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1973; 48 (11): 787–92PubMed Podurgiel BJ, McGill DB, Ludwig J, et al. Liver injury associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1973; 48 (11): 787–92PubMed
34.
go back to reference Nyfors N. Liver biopsies from psoriatics related to methotrexate therapy: 3. Findings in post-methotrexate liver biopsies from 160 psoriatics. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1977; 85 (4): 511–8 Nyfors N. Liver biopsies from psoriatics related to methotrexate therapy: 3. Findings in post-methotrexate liver biopsies from 160 psoriatics. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1977; 85 (4): 511–8
36.
go back to reference Brunt EM. Grading and staging the histopathological lesions of chronic hepatitis: the Knodell Histology Activity Index and beyond. Hepatology. 2000; 31: 241–6PubMedCrossRef Brunt EM. Grading and staging the histopathological lesions of chronic hepatitis: the Knodell Histology Activity Index and beyond. Hepatology. 2000; 31: 241–6PubMedCrossRef
37.
38.
go back to reference Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, et al. Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales: an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and the Royal College of Physicians of London. Gut. 1995; 36 (3): 437–41PubMedCrossRef Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, et al. Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales: an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and the Royal College of Physicians of London. Gut. 1995; 36 (3): 437–41PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Zachariae H, Søgaard H, Heickendorff L. Methotrexate-induced liver cirrhosis: clinical, histological and serological studies-a further 10-year follow-up. Dermatology. 1996; 192 (4): 343–6PubMedCrossRef Zachariae H, Søgaard H, Heickendorff L. Methotrexate-induced liver cirrhosis: clinical, histological and serological studies-a further 10-year follow-up. Dermatology. 1996; 192 (4): 343–6PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Paul BS, Momtaz K, Stern RS, et al. Combined methotrexate-ultraviolet B therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982; 7 (6): 758–62PubMedCrossRef Paul BS, Momtaz K, Stern RS, et al. Combined methotrexate-ultraviolet B therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982; 7 (6): 758–62PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Termorshuizen F, et al. Interruption of longterm methotrexate treatment in psoriasis: evaluation of clinical course and laboratory parameters after discontinuation and reintroduction of weekly oral methotrexate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1995; 75 (5): 393–6PubMed van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Termorshuizen F, et al. Interruption of longterm methotrexate treatment in psoriasis: evaluation of clinical course and laboratory parameters after discontinuation and reintroduction of weekly oral methotrexate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1995; 75 (5): 393–6PubMed
42.
go back to reference van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Buijs WC, et al. The value of dynamic hepatic scintigraphy and serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen for early detection of methotrexate-induced hepatic damage in psoriasis patients. Br J Dermatol. 1996; 134 (3): 481–7CrossRef van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Buijs WC, et al. The value of dynamic hepatic scintigraphy and serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen for early detection of methotrexate-induced hepatic damage in psoriasis patients. Br J Dermatol. 1996; 134 (3): 481–7CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Zachariae H, Aslam HM, Bjerring P, et al. Serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: relation to liver fibrosis and arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991; 25 (1): 50–3PubMedCrossRef Zachariae H, Aslam HM, Bjerring P, et al. Serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: relation to liver fibrosis and arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991; 25 (1): 50–3PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Boffa MJ, Smith A, Chalmers RJ, et al. Serum type III procollagen aminopeptide for assessing liver damage in methotrexate-treated psoriatic patients. Br J Dermatol. 1996; 135 (4): 538–44PubMedCrossRef Boffa MJ, Smith A, Chalmers RJ, et al. Serum type III procollagen aminopeptide for assessing liver damage in methotrexate-treated psoriatic patients. Br J Dermatol. 1996; 135 (4): 538–44PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Zachariae H, Heickendorff L, Søgaard H. The value of amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen in routine screening for methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis: a 10-year follow-up. Br J Dermatol. 2001; 144 (1): 100–3PubMedCrossRef Zachariae H, Heickendorff L, Søgaard H. The value of amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen in routine screening for methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis: a 10-year follow-up. Br J Dermatol. 2001; 144 (1): 100–3PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Rosenberg WM, Voelker M, Thiel R. On behalf of the European Liver Fibrosis Group. Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127: 1704–13PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg WM, Voelker M, Thiel R. On behalf of the European Liver Fibrosis Group. Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127: 1704–13PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference McHenry PM, Bingham EA, Callender ME, et al. Dynamic hepatic scintigraphy in the screening of psoriatic patients for methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity. Br J Dermatol. 1992; 127 (2): 122–5PubMedCrossRef McHenry PM, Bingham EA, Callender ME, et al. Dynamic hepatic scintigraphy in the screening of psoriatic patients for methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity. Br J Dermatol. 1992; 127 (2): 122–5PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Thomas EL, Hamilton G, Patel N, et al. Hepatic triglyceride content and its relation to body adiposity: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic spectroscopy study. Gut. 2005; 54: 122–7PubMedCrossRef Thomas EL, Hamilton G, Patel N, et al. Hepatic triglyceride content and its relation to body adiposity: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic spectroscopy study. Gut. 2005; 54: 122–7PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Lim AKP, Patel N, Hamilton G, et al. The relationship of in vivo 31P MR spectroscopy to histology in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003; 37: 788–94PubMedCrossRef Lim AKP, Patel N, Hamilton G, et al. The relationship of in vivo 31P MR spectroscopy to histology in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003; 37: 788–94PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Monitoring Liver Function during Methotrexate Therapy for Psoriasis
Are Routine Biopsies Really Necessary?
Authors
James A. Thomas
Dr Guruprasad P. Aithal
Publication date
01-12-2005
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology / Issue 6/2005
Print ISSN: 1175-0561
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1888
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200506060-00003

Other articles of this Issue 6/2005

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 6/2005 Go to the issue

Review Article

Human Papillomavirus

Case Reports

Monilethrix

BookReview

Book Reviews