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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2/2022

01-01-2022 | Molecular Imaging | Original Article

A radioiodinated FR-β-targeted tracer with improved pharmacokinetics through modification with an albumin binder for imaging of macrophages in AS and NAFL

Authors: Xuejun Wen, Changrong Shi, Liu Yang, Xinying Zeng, Xiaoru Lin, Jinxiong Huang, Yesen Li, Rongqiang Zhuang, Haibo Zhu, Zhide Guo, Xianzhong Zhang

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 2/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

The formation of advanced plaques, which is characterized by the uninterrupted aggregation of macrophages with high expression of folate receptor-β (FR-β), is observed in several concomitant metabolic syndromes. The objective of this study was to develop a novel FR-β-targeted single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer and validate its application to the noninvasive detection of atherosclerosis (AS) plaque and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).

Methods

Two radioiodinated probes, [131I]IPBF and [131I]IBF, were developed, and cell uptake studies were used to identify their specific targets for activated macrophages. Biodistribution in normal mice was performed to obtain the pharmacokinetic information of the probes. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice with atherosclerotic aortas were induced by a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. To investigate the affinity of radiotracers to FR-β, Kd values were determined using in vitro assays. In addition, the assessments of the aorta in the ApoE−/− mice at different stages were performed using in vivo SPECT/CT imaging, and the findings were compared by histology.

Results

Both [131I]IPBF and [131I]IBF were synthesized with > 95% radiochemical purity and up to 3 MBq/nmol molar activity. In vitro assay of [131I]IPBF showed a moderate binding affinity to plasma proteins and specific uptake in activated macrophages. The prolonged blood elimination half-life (t1/2z) of [131I]IPBF (8.14 h) was observed in a pharmacokinetic study of normal mice, which was significantly longer than that of [131I]IBF (t1/2z = 2.95 h). As expected, the Kd values of [131I]IPBF and [131I]IBF in the Raw 264.7 cells were 43.94 ± 9.83 nM and 61.69 ± 15.19 nM, respectively. SPECT imaging with [131I]IPBF showed a high uptake in advanced plaques and NAFL. Radioactivity in excised aortas examined by ex vivo autoradiography further confirmed the specific uptake of [131I]IPBF in high-risk AS plaques.

Conclusions

In summary, we reported a proof-of-concept study of an albumin-binding folate derivative for macrophage imaging. The FR-β-targeted probe, [131I]IPBF, significantly prolongs the plasma elimination half-life and has the potential for the monitoring of AS plaques and concomitant fatty liver.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
A radioiodinated FR-β-targeted tracer with improved pharmacokinetics through modification with an albumin binder for imaging of macrophages in AS and NAFL
Authors
Xuejun Wen
Changrong Shi
Liu Yang
Xinying Zeng
Xiaoru Lin
Jinxiong Huang
Yesen Li
Rongqiang Zhuang
Haibo Zhu
Zhide Guo
Xianzhong Zhang
Publication date
01-01-2022
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05447-4

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