Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Surgical Endoscopy 2/2010

Open Access 01-02-2010 | Review

Minimally invasive surgery and cancer: controversies part 1

Authors: Melanie Goldfarb, Steven Brower, S. D. Schwaitzberg

Published in: Surgical Endoscopy | Issue 2/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Perhaps there is no more important issue in the care of surgical patients than the appropriate use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for patients with cancer. Important advances in surgical technique have an impact on early perioperative morbidity, length of hospital stay, pain management, and quality of life issues, as clearly proved with MIS. However, for oncology patients, historically, the most important clinical questions have been answered in the context of prospective randomized trials. Important considerations for MIS and cancer have been addressed, such as what are the important immunologic consequences of MIS versus open surgery and what is the role of laparoscopy in the staging of gastrointestinal cancers? This review article discusses many of the key controversies in the minimally invasive treatment of cancer using the pro–con debate format.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Fuentes JM, Hanly EJ, Aurora AR, De Maio A, Shih SP, Marohn MR, Talamini MA (2006) C02 Abdominal insufflation pretreatment increases survival after a lipopolysaccharide-contaminated laparotomy. J Gastrointest Surg 10:32–38PubMed Fuentes JM, Hanly EJ, Aurora AR, De Maio A, Shih SP, Marohn MR, Talamini MA (2006) C02 Abdominal insufflation pretreatment increases survival after a lipopolysaccharide-contaminated laparotomy. J Gastrointest Surg 10:32–38PubMed
2.
go back to reference Bachman SL, Hanly EJ, Nwanko JI, Lamb J, Herring AE, Marohn MR, De Maio A, Talamini MA (2004) The effect of timing of pneumoperitoneum on the inflammatory response. Surg Endosc 18:1640–1644PubMed Bachman SL, Hanly EJ, Nwanko JI, Lamb J, Herring AE, Marohn MR, De Maio A, Talamini MA (2004) The effect of timing of pneumoperitoneum on the inflammatory response. Surg Endosc 18:1640–1644PubMed
3.
go back to reference Mendoza-Sagaon M, Kutka MF, Talamini MA, Poulose BK, Herreman-Suquet K, de Maio A, Paidas CN (2001) Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum preserves cell-mediated immunity in an immature animal model. J Pediatr Surg 36:1564–1568PubMed Mendoza-Sagaon M, Kutka MF, Talamini MA, Poulose BK, Herreman-Suquet K, de Maio A, Paidas CN (2001) Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum preserves cell-mediated immunity in an immature animal model. J Pediatr Surg 36:1564–1568PubMed
4.
go back to reference The Southern Surgeons Club (1991) A prospective analysis of 1, 518 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. N Engl J Med 324:1073–1078 The Southern Surgeons Club (1991) A prospective analysis of 1, 518 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. N Engl J Med 324:1073–1078
5.
go back to reference Steiner CA, Bass EB, Talamini MA, Pitt HA, Steinberg EP (2004) Surgical rates and operative mortality for open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Maryland. N Engl J Med 330:403–408 Steiner CA, Bass EB, Talamini MA, Pitt HA, Steinberg EP (2004) Surgical rates and operative mortality for open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Maryland. N Engl J Med 330:403–408
6.
go back to reference Novitsky YW, Litwin DE, Callery MP (2004) The net immunologic advantage of laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 18:1411–1419PubMed Novitsky YW, Litwin DE, Callery MP (2004) The net immunologic advantage of laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 18:1411–1419PubMed
7.
go back to reference Weeks JC, Nelson H, Gelber S, Sargent D, Schroeder G, Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group (2002) Short-term quality-of-life outcomes following laparoscopic-assisted colectomy vs. open colectomy for colon cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 287:321–328PubMed Weeks JC, Nelson H, Gelber S, Sargent D, Schroeder G, Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group (2002) Short-term quality-of-life outcomes following laparoscopic-assisted colectomy vs. open colectomy for colon cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 287:321–328PubMed
8.
go back to reference Johnstone PA, Rohde DC, Swartz SE, Fetter JE, Wexner SD (1996) Port-site recurrences after laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures in malignancy. J Clin Onco 1(14):1950–1956 Johnstone PA, Rohde DC, Swartz SE, Fetter JE, Wexner SD (1996) Port-site recurrences after laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures in malignancy. J Clin Onco 1(14):1950–1956
9.
go back to reference Champault GG, Barrat C, Raselli R, Elizalde A, Catheline JM (2002) Laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal carcinoma: a prospective clinical trial involving 157 cases with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12:88–95PubMed Champault GG, Barrat C, Raselli R, Elizalde A, Catheline JM (2002) Laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal carcinoma: a prospective clinical trial involving 157 cases with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12:88–95PubMed
10.
go back to reference Liang JT, Huang KC, Lai HS, Lee PH, Sun CT (2007) Oncologic results of laparoscopic versus conventional open surgery for stage II or III left-sided colon cancers: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg Onco 1(14):109–117 Liang JT, Huang KC, Lai HS, Lee PH, Sun CT (2007) Oncologic results of laparoscopic versus conventional open surgery for stage II or III left-sided colon cancers: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg Onco 1(14):109–117
11.
go back to reference Nielsen HJ, Pedersen BK, Moesgaard F (1989) Effect of ranitidine on postoperative suppression of natural killer cell activity and delayed hypersensitivity. Acta Chir Scand 155:377–382PubMed Nielsen HJ, Pedersen BK, Moesgaard F (1989) Effect of ranitidine on postoperative suppression of natural killer cell activity and delayed hypersensitivity. Acta Chir Scand 155:377–382PubMed
12.
go back to reference Christou NV, Superina R, Broadhead M, Meakins J (1982) Postoperative depression of host resistance: determinants and effect of peripheral protein-sparing therapy. Surgery 92:786–792PubMed Christou NV, Superina R, Broadhead M, Meakins J (1982) Postoperative depression of host resistance: determinants and effect of peripheral protein-sparing therapy. Surgery 92:786–792PubMed
13.
go back to reference Nielsen HJ, Moesgaard F, Kehlet H (1989) Ranitidine for prevention of postoperative suppression of delayed hypersensitivity. Am J Surg 157:291–294PubMed Nielsen HJ, Moesgaard F, Kehlet H (1989) Ranitidine for prevention of postoperative suppression of delayed hypersensitivity. Am J Surg 157:291–294PubMed
14.
go back to reference Hjortso NC, Kehlet H (1986) Influence of surgery, age, and serum albumin on delayed hypersensitivity. Acta Chir Scand 152:175–179PubMed Hjortso NC, Kehlet H (1986) Influence of surgery, age, and serum albumin on delayed hypersensitivity. Acta Chir Scand 152:175–179PubMed
15.
go back to reference Lennard TW, Shenton BK, Borzotta A, Donnelly PK, White M, Gerrie LM, Proud G, Taylor RM (1985) The influence of surgical operations on components of the human immune system. Br J Surg 72:771–776PubMed Lennard TW, Shenton BK, Borzotta A, Donnelly PK, White M, Gerrie LM, Proud G, Taylor RM (1985) The influence of surgical operations on components of the human immune system. Br J Surg 72:771–776PubMed
16.
go back to reference Allendorf JD, Bessler M, Whelan RL, Trokel M, Laird DA, Terry MB, Treat MR (1996) Better preservation of immune function after laparoscopic-assisted versus open bowel resection in a murine model. Dis Colon Rectum 39:67–72 Allendorf JD, Bessler M, Whelan RL, Trokel M, Laird DA, Terry MB, Treat MR (1996) Better preservation of immune function after laparoscopic-assisted versus open bowel resection in a murine model. Dis Colon Rectum 39:67–72
17.
go back to reference Whelan RL, Franklin M, Holubar SD, Donahue J, Fowler R, Munger C, Doorman J, Balli JE, Glass J, Gonzalez JJ, Bessler M, Xie H, Treat M (2003) Postoperative cell-mediated immune response is better preserved after laparoscopic versus open colorectal resection in humans. Surg Endosc 17:972–978PubMed Whelan RL, Franklin M, Holubar SD, Donahue J, Fowler R, Munger C, Doorman J, Balli JE, Glass J, Gonzalez JJ, Bessler M, Xie H, Treat M (2003) Postoperative cell-mediated immune response is better preserved after laparoscopic versus open colorectal resection in humans. Surg Endosc 17:972–978PubMed
18.
go back to reference Kirman I, Belizon A, Balik E, Feingold D, Arnell T, Horst P, Kumara S, Cekic V, Jain S, Nasar A, Whelan RL (2007) Perioperative sargramostim (recombinant human GM-CSF) induces an increase in the level of soluble VEGFR1 in colon cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 33:1169–1176PubMed Kirman I, Belizon A, Balik E, Feingold D, Arnell T, Horst P, Kumara S, Cekic V, Jain S, Nasar A, Whelan RL (2007) Perioperative sargramostim (recombinant human GM-CSF) induces an increase in the level of soluble VEGFR1 in colon cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 33:1169–1176PubMed
19.
go back to reference Bruce DM, Smith M, Walker CB, Heys SD, Binnie NR, Gough DB, Broom J, Eremin O (1999) Minimal access surgery for cholelithiasis induces an attenuated acute phase response. Am J Surg 178:232–234PubMed Bruce DM, Smith M, Walker CB, Heys SD, Binnie NR, Gough DB, Broom J, Eremin O (1999) Minimal access surgery for cholelithiasis induces an attenuated acute phase response. Am J Surg 178:232–234PubMed
20.
go back to reference Kloosterman T, von Blomberg BM, Borgstein P, Cuesta MA, Scheper RJ, Meijer S (1994) Unimpaired immune functions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 115:424–428PubMed Kloosterman T, von Blomberg BM, Borgstein P, Cuesta MA, Scheper RJ, Meijer S (1994) Unimpaired immune functions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 115:424–428PubMed
21.
go back to reference Dionigi R, Dominioni L, Benevento A, Giudice G, Cuffari S, Bordone N, Caravati F, Carcano G, Gennari R (1994) Effects of surgical trauma of laparoscopic vs. open cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 41:471–476PubMed Dionigi R, Dominioni L, Benevento A, Giudice G, Cuffari S, Bordone N, Caravati F, Carcano G, Gennari R (1994) Effects of surgical trauma of laparoscopic vs. open cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 41:471–476PubMed
22.
go back to reference Schietroma M, Carlei F, Mownah A, Franchi L, Mazzotta C, Sozio A, Amicucci G (2004) Changes in the blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cytokine profile during laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 18:1090–1096PubMed Schietroma M, Carlei F, Mownah A, Franchi L, Mazzotta C, Sozio A, Amicucci G (2004) Changes in the blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cytokine profile during laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 18:1090–1096PubMed
23.
go back to reference Jakeways MS, Mitchell V, Hashim IA, Chadwick SJ, Shenkin A, Green CJ, Carli F (1994) Metabolic and inflammatory responses after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 81:127–131PubMed Jakeways MS, Mitchell V, Hashim IA, Chadwick SJ, Shenkin A, Green CJ, Carli F (1994) Metabolic and inflammatory responses after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 81:127–131PubMed
24.
go back to reference Sietses C, Wiezer MJ, Eijsbouts QA, Beelen RH, van Leeuwen PA, von Blomberg BM, Meijer S, Cuesta MA (1999) A prospective randomized study of the systemic immune response after laparoscopic and conventional Nissen fundoplication. Surgery 126:5–9PubMed Sietses C, Wiezer MJ, Eijsbouts QA, Beelen RH, van Leeuwen PA, von Blomberg BM, Meijer S, Cuesta MA (1999) A prospective randomized study of the systemic immune response after laparoscopic and conventional Nissen fundoplication. Surgery 126:5–9PubMed
25.
go back to reference Perttila J, Salo M, Ovaska J, Gronroos J, Lavonius M, Katila A, Lahteenmaki M, Pulkki K (1999) Immune response after laparoscopic and conventional Nissen fundoplication. Eur J Surg 165:21–28PubMed Perttila J, Salo M, Ovaska J, Gronroos J, Lavonius M, Katila A, Lahteenmaki M, Pulkki K (1999) Immune response after laparoscopic and conventional Nissen fundoplication. Eur J Surg 165:21–28PubMed
26.
go back to reference Leung KL, Tsang KS, Ng MH, Leung KJ, Lai PB, Lee JF, Lau WY (2003) Lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell cytotoxicity after laparoscopically assisted resection of rectosigmoid carcinoma. Surg Endosc 17:1305–1310PubMed Leung KL, Tsang KS, Ng MH, Leung KJ, Lai PB, Lee JF, Lau WY (2003) Lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell cytotoxicity after laparoscopically assisted resection of rectosigmoid carcinoma. Surg Endosc 17:1305–1310PubMed
27.
go back to reference Ordemann J, Jacobi CA, Schwenk W, Stosslein R, Muller JM (2001) Cellular and humoral inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections. Surg Endosc 15:600–608PubMed Ordemann J, Jacobi CA, Schwenk W, Stosslein R, Muller JM (2001) Cellular and humoral inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections. Surg Endosc 15:600–608PubMed
28.
go back to reference Nishiguchi K, Okuda J, Toyoda M, Tanaka K, Tanigawa N (2001) Comparative evaluation of surgical stress of laparoscopic and open surgeries for colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 44:223–230PubMed Nishiguchi K, Okuda J, Toyoda M, Tanaka K, Tanigawa N (2001) Comparative evaluation of surgical stress of laparoscopic and open surgeries for colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 44:223–230PubMed
29.
go back to reference Hildebrandt U, Kessler K, Plusczyk T, Pistorius G, Vollmar B, Menger MD (2003) Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopic and open colonic resections. Surg Endosc 17:242–246PubMed Hildebrandt U, Kessler K, Plusczyk T, Pistorius G, Vollmar B, Menger MD (2003) Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopic and open colonic resections. Surg Endosc 17:242–246PubMed
30.
go back to reference Wu FPK, Sietses C, von Blomberg BME, van Leeuwen PAM, Meijer S, Cuesta MA (2003) Systemic and peritoneal inflammatory response after laparoscopic or conventional colon resection in cancer patients. Dis Colon Rectum 46:147–155PubMed Wu FPK, Sietses C, von Blomberg BME, van Leeuwen PAM, Meijer S, Cuesta MA (2003) Systemic and peritoneal inflammatory response after laparoscopic or conventional colon resection in cancer patients. Dis Colon Rectum 46:147–155PubMed
31.
go back to reference Braga M, Vignali A, Zuliani W, Radaelli G, Gianotti L, Martani C, Toussoun G, Di Carlo V (2002) Metabolic and functional results after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1070–1077PubMed Braga M, Vignali A, Zuliani W, Radaelli G, Gianotti L, Martani C, Toussoun G, Di Carlo V (2002) Metabolic and functional results after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1070–1077PubMed
32.
go back to reference Kirman I, Poltaratskaia N, Cekic V, Forde KA, Ansari P, Boulay C, Whelan RL (2004) Depletion of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 after open surgery is associated with high interleukin-6 levels. Dis Colon Rectum 47:911–917 discussion 917–918PubMed Kirman I, Poltaratskaia N, Cekic V, Forde KA, Ansari P, Boulay C, Whelan RL (2004) Depletion of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 after open surgery is associated with high interleukin-6 levels. Dis Colon Rectum 47:911–917 discussion 917–918PubMed
33.
go back to reference Harmon GD, Senagore AJ, Kilbride MJ, Warzynski MJ (1994) Interleukin-6 response to laparoscopic and open colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 37:754–759PubMed Harmon GD, Senagore AJ, Kilbride MJ, Warzynski MJ (1994) Interleukin-6 response to laparoscopic and open colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 37:754–759PubMed
34.
go back to reference Schwenk W, Jacobi C, Mansmann U, Bohm B, Muller JM (2000) Inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections: results of a prospective randomized trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg 385:2–9PubMed Schwenk W, Jacobi C, Mansmann U, Bohm B, Muller JM (2000) Inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections: results of a prospective randomized trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg 385:2–9PubMed
35.
go back to reference Fukushima R, Kawamura YJ, Saito H, Saito Y, Hashiguchi Y, Sawada T, Muto T (1996) Interleukin-6 and stress hormone response after uncomplicated gasless laparoscopic-assisted and open sigmoid colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 39(Suppl):s29–s34PubMed Fukushima R, Kawamura YJ, Saito H, Saito Y, Hashiguchi Y, Sawada T, Muto T (1996) Interleukin-6 and stress hormone response after uncomplicated gasless laparoscopic-assisted and open sigmoid colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 39(Suppl):s29–s34PubMed
36.
go back to reference Decker D, Schondorf M, Bidlingmaier F, Hirner A, von Ruecker AA (1996) Surgical stress induces a shift in the type-1/type-2 T-helper cell balance, suggesting down regulation of cell-mediated and upregulation of antibody-mediated immunity commensurate to the trauma. Surg 119:316–325 Decker D, Schondorf M, Bidlingmaier F, Hirner A, von Ruecker AA (1996) Surgical stress induces a shift in the type-1/type-2 T-helper cell balance, suggesting down regulation of cell-mediated and upregulation of antibody-mediated immunity commensurate to the trauma. Surg 119:316–325
37.
go back to reference Kirman I, Cekic V, Poltaratskaia N et al (2003) The percentage of CD31+ T-cells decreases after open but not laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 17:754–757PubMed Kirman I, Cekic V, Poltaratskaia N et al (2003) The percentage of CD31+ T-cells decreases after open but not laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 17:754–757PubMed
38.
go back to reference Sylla P, Nihalani A, Whelan RL (2006) Microarray analysis of the differential effects of open and laparoscopic surgery on murine splenic T-cells. Surgery 139:92–103PubMed Sylla P, Nihalani A, Whelan RL (2006) Microarray analysis of the differential effects of open and laparoscopic surgery on murine splenic T-cells. Surgery 139:92–103PubMed
39.
go back to reference Lee SW, Feingold DL, Carter JJ, Zhai C, Stapleton G, Gleason N, Whelan RL (2003) Peritoneal macrophage and blood monocyte functions after open and laparoscopic-assisted cecectomy in rats. Surg Endosc 17:1996–2002PubMed Lee SW, Feingold DL, Carter JJ, Zhai C, Stapleton G, Gleason N, Whelan RL (2003) Peritoneal macrophage and blood monocyte functions after open and laparoscopic-assisted cecectomy in rats. Surg Endosc 17:1996–2002PubMed
40.
go back to reference Collet D, Vitale GC, Reynods M, Klar E, Cheadle WG (1995) Peritoneal host defenses are less impaired by laparoscopy than by open operation. Surg Endosc 9:1059–1064PubMed Collet D, Vitale GC, Reynods M, Klar E, Cheadle WG (1995) Peritoneal host defenses are less impaired by laparoscopy than by open operation. Surg Endosc 9:1059–1064PubMed
41.
go back to reference Wichmann MW, Huttl TP, Winter H, Spelsberg F, Angele MK, Heiss MM, Jauch KW (2005) Immunological effects of laparoscopic vs. open colorectal surgery: a prospective clinical study. Arch Surg 140:692–697PubMed Wichmann MW, Huttl TP, Winter H, Spelsberg F, Angele MK, Heiss MM, Jauch KW (2005) Immunological effects of laparoscopic vs. open colorectal surgery: a prospective clinical study. Arch Surg 140:692–697PubMed
42.
go back to reference Novitsky YW, Czerniach DR, Kaban GK, Bergner A, Gallagher KA, Perugini RA, Litwin DE (2006) Immunologic effects of hand-assisted surgery on peritoneal macrophages: comparison to open and standard laparoscopic approaches. Surgery 139:39–45PubMed Novitsky YW, Czerniach DR, Kaban GK, Bergner A, Gallagher KA, Perugini RA, Litwin DE (2006) Immunologic effects of hand-assisted surgery on peritoneal macrophages: comparison to open and standard laparoscopic approaches. Surgery 139:39–45PubMed
43.
go back to reference Lacy AM, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Delgardo S, Castells A, Taurá P, Piqué JM, Visa J (2002) Laparoscopically-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of nonmetastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 359:2224–2229PubMed Lacy AM, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Delgardo S, Castells A, Taurá P, Piqué JM, Visa J (2002) Laparoscopically-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of nonmetastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet 359:2224–2229PubMed
44.
go back to reference Watson RWG, Redmond HP, McCarthy J, Burke PE, Hayes DB (1995) Exposure of the peritoneal cavity to air regulates early inflammatory responses to surgery in a murine model. Br J Surg 82:1060–1065PubMed Watson RWG, Redmond HP, McCarthy J, Burke PE, Hayes DB (1995) Exposure of the peritoneal cavity to air regulates early inflammatory responses to surgery in a murine model. Br J Surg 82:1060–1065PubMed
45.
go back to reference Heys SD, Deehan DJ, Eremin O (1994) Interleukin-2 treatment in colorectal cancer: current results and future prospects. Eur J Surg Oncol 20:622–629PubMed Heys SD, Deehan DJ, Eremin O (1994) Interleukin-2 treatment in colorectal cancer: current results and future prospects. Eur J Surg Oncol 20:622–629PubMed
46.
go back to reference Hill ADK, Redmond HP, Naama HA, Bouchier-Hayes D (1996) Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor inhibits tumor growth during the postoperative period. Surgery 119:178–185PubMed Hill ADK, Redmond HP, Naama HA, Bouchier-Hayes D (1996) Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor inhibits tumor growth during the postoperative period. Surgery 119:178–185PubMed
47.
go back to reference Mels AK, Statius Muller MG, van Leeuwen PA, von Blomberg BM, Scheper RJ, Cuesta MA, Beelen RH, Meijer S (2001) Immune-stimulating effects of low-dose perioperative recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients operated on for primary colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 88:539–544PubMed Mels AK, Statius Muller MG, van Leeuwen PA, von Blomberg BM, Scheper RJ, Cuesta MA, Beelen RH, Meijer S (2001) Immune-stimulating effects of low-dose perioperative recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients operated on for primary colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 88:539–544PubMed
48.
go back to reference Belizon A, Horst P, Balik E, Feingold D, Arnell T, Azarani T, Cekic V, Skitt R, Kumara S, Whelan RL (2008) Persistent elevation of plasma VEGF levels during the first month following minimally invasive colorectal resection. Surg Endosc 22:287–297PubMed Belizon A, Horst P, Balik E, Feingold D, Arnell T, Azarani T, Cekic V, Skitt R, Kumara S, Whelan RL (2008) Persistent elevation of plasma VEGF levels during the first month following minimally invasive colorectal resection. Surg Endosc 22:287–297PubMed
49.
go back to reference Kirman I, Cekic V, Poltoratskaia N, Sylla P, Jain S, Forde KA, Whelan RL (2005) Open surgery induces a dramatic decrease in circulating intact IGFBP-3 in patients with colorectal cancer not seen with laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 19:55–59PubMed Kirman I, Cekic V, Poltoratskaia N, Sylla P, Jain S, Forde KA, Whelan RL (2005) Open surgery induces a dramatic decrease in circulating intact IGFBP-3 in patients with colorectal cancer not seen with laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 19:55–59PubMed
50.
go back to reference Kirman I, Cekic V, Poltaratskaia N, Asi Z, Huang EH, Forde KA, Bessler M, Whelan RL (2002) Plasma from patients undergoing major open surgery stimulates in vitro tumor growth: lower IGF-BP3 levels may, in part, account for this change. Surgery 132:186–192PubMed Kirman I, Cekic V, Poltaratskaia N, Asi Z, Huang EH, Forde KA, Bessler M, Whelan RL (2002) Plasma from patients undergoing major open surgery stimulates in vitro tumor growth: lower IGF-BP3 levels may, in part, account for this change. Surgery 132:186–192PubMed
51.
go back to reference Kirman I, Jain S, Cekic V, Belizon A, Balik E, Sylla P, Arnell T, Forde KA, Whelan RL (2006) Altered plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of matrix [corrected] metalloproteinase-1 concentration during the early postoperative period in patients with colorectal cancer. Surg Endosc 20:482–486PubMed Kirman I, Jain S, Cekic V, Belizon A, Balik E, Sylla P, Arnell T, Forde KA, Whelan RL (2006) Altered plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of matrix [corrected] metalloproteinase-1 concentration during the early postoperative period in patients with colorectal cancer. Surg Endosc 20:482–486PubMed
52.
go back to reference Werther K, Christensen IJ, Brunner N, Nielsen HJ (2000) Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with primary colorectal carcinoma. The Danish RANX05 colorectal cancer study group. Eur J Surg Oncol 26:657–662PubMed Werther K, Christensen IJ, Brunner N, Nielsen HJ (2000) Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with primary colorectal carcinoma. The Danish RANX05 colorectal cancer study group. Eur J Surg Oncol 26:657–662PubMed
53.
go back to reference Ikeda M, Furukawa H, Imamura H, Shimizu J, Ishida H, Masutani S, Tatsuta M, Kawasaki T, Satomi T (2002) Surgery for gastric cancer increases plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and von Willebrand factor. Gastric Cancer 5:137–141PubMed Ikeda M, Furukawa H, Imamura H, Shimizu J, Ishida H, Masutani S, Tatsuta M, Kawasaki T, Satomi T (2002) Surgery for gastric cancer increases plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and von Willebrand factor. Gastric Cancer 5:137–141PubMed
54.
go back to reference Karayiannakis AJ, Syrigos KN, Zbar A, Baibas N, Polychronidis A, Simopoulos C, Karatzas G (2002) Clinical significance of preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with colorectal cancer and the effect of tumor surgery. Surgery 131:548–555PubMed Karayiannakis AJ, Syrigos KN, Zbar A, Baibas N, Polychronidis A, Simopoulos C, Karatzas G (2002) Clinical significance of preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with colorectal cancer and the effect of tumor surgery. Surgery 131:548–555PubMed
55.
go back to reference Kumara S, Hoffman A, Nasar A, Belizon A, Baxter R, Jain S, Feingold D, Arnell T, Marodi D, Whelan RL (2007) Colorectal resection, open more so than minimally invasive in patients with benign indications is associated with proangiogenic changes in the plasma levels of angiopoietin 1 and 2. Surg Endosc 21:S352–S482 Kumara S, Hoffman A, Nasar A, Belizon A, Baxter R, Jain S, Feingold D, Arnell T, Marodi D, Whelan RL (2007) Colorectal resection, open more so than minimally invasive in patients with benign indications is associated with proangiogenic changes in the plasma levels of angiopoietin 1 and 2. Surg Endosc 21:S352–S482
56.
57.
go back to reference Temple LK, Litwin DE, McLeod RS (1999) A metaanalysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Can J Surg 42:377–383PubMed Temple LK, Litwin DE, McLeod RS (1999) A metaanalysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Can J Surg 42:377–383PubMed
58.
go back to reference Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Muller JM (2005) Short-term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3):CD003145 Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Muller JM (2005) Short-term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3):CD003145
59.
go back to reference Abraham NS, Young JM, Solomon MJ (2004) Metaanalysis of short-term outcomes after laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 91:1111–1124PubMed Abraham NS, Young JM, Solomon MJ (2004) Metaanalysis of short-term outcomes after laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 91:1111–1124PubMed
60.
go back to reference Tjandra JJ, Chan MK (2006) Systematic review on the short-term outcome of laparoscopic resection for colon and rectosigmoid cancer. Colorectal Dis 8:375–388PubMed Tjandra JJ, Chan MK (2006) Systematic review on the short-term outcome of laparoscopic resection for colon and rectosigmoid cancer. Colorectal Dis 8:375–388PubMed
61.
go back to reference Nguyen NT, Goldman C, Rosenquist CJ, Arango A, Cole CJ, Lee SJ, Wolfe BM (2001) Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized study of outcomes, quality of life, and costs. Ann Surg 234:279–289 discussion 289–291PubMed Nguyen NT, Goldman C, Rosenquist CJ, Arango A, Cole CJ, Lee SJ, Wolfe BM (2001) Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized study of outcomes, quality of life, and costs. Ann Surg 234:279–289 discussion 289–291PubMed
62.
go back to reference Duepree HJ, Senagore AJ, Delaney CP, Fazio VW (2003) Does means of access affect the incidence of small bowel obstruction and ventral hernia after bowel resection? Laparoscopy versus laparotomy. J Am Coll Surg 197:177–181PubMed Duepree HJ, Senagore AJ, Delaney CP, Fazio VW (2003) Does means of access affect the incidence of small bowel obstruction and ventral hernia after bowel resection? Laparoscopy versus laparotomy. J Am Coll Surg 197:177–181PubMed
63.
go back to reference McGreevy JM, Goodney PP, Birkmeyer CM, Finlayson SR, Laycock WS, Birkmeyer JD (2003) A prospective study comparing the complication rates between laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repairs. Surg Endosc 17:1778–1780PubMed McGreevy JM, Goodney PP, Birkmeyer CM, Finlayson SR, Laycock WS, Birkmeyer JD (2003) A prospective study comparing the complication rates between laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repairs. Surg Endosc 17:1778–1780PubMed
64.
go back to reference Keus F, de Jong JA, Gooszen HG, van Laarhoven CJ (2006) Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4):CD006231 Keus F, de Jong JA, Gooszen HG, van Laarhoven CJ (2006) Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4):CD006231
65.
go back to reference Catarci M, Gentileschi P, Papi C, Carrara A, Marrese R, Gaspari AL, Grassi GB (2004) Evidence-based appraisal of antireflux fundoplication. Ann Surg 239:325–337PubMed Catarci M, Gentileschi P, Papi C, Carrara A, Marrese R, Gaspari AL, Grassi GB (2004) Evidence-based appraisal of antireflux fundoplication. Ann Surg 239:325–337PubMed
66.
go back to reference Basse L, Jakobsen DH, Bardram L, Billesbolle P, Lund C, Mogensen T, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H (2005) Functional recovery after open versus laparoscopic colonic resection: a randomized, blinded study. Ann Surg 241:416–423PubMed Basse L, Jakobsen DH, Bardram L, Billesbolle P, Lund C, Mogensen T, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H (2005) Functional recovery after open versus laparoscopic colonic resection: a randomized, blinded study. Ann Surg 241:416–423PubMed
67.
go back to reference King PM, Blazeby JM, Ewings P, Longman RJ, Kipling RM, Franks PJ, Sheffield JP, Evans LB, Soulsby M, Bulley SH, Kennedy RH (2006) The influence of an enhanced recovery programme on clinical outcomes, costs, and quality of life after surgery for colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 8:506–513PubMed King PM, Blazeby JM, Ewings P, Longman RJ, Kipling RM, Franks PJ, Sheffield JP, Evans LB, Soulsby M, Bulley SH, Kennedy RH (2006) The influence of an enhanced recovery programme on clinical outcomes, costs, and quality of life after surgery for colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 8:506–513PubMed
68.
go back to reference MacKay G, Ihedioha U, McConnachie A, Serpell M, Molloy R, O’Dwyer P (2007) Laparoscopic colonic resection in fast-track patients does not enhance short-term recovery after elective surgery. Dis Colon Rectum Colorectal Dis 9:368–372 MacKay G, Ihedioha U, McConnachie A, Serpell M, Molloy R, O’Dwyer P (2007) Laparoscopic colonic resection in fast-track patients does not enhance short-term recovery after elective surgery. Dis Colon Rectum Colorectal Dis 9:368–372
69.
go back to reference Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Thorpe H, Walker J, Jayne DG, Smith AM, Heath RM, Brown JM, MRC CLASICC Trial Group (2005) Short-term end points of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 365:1718–1726PubMed Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Thorpe H, Walker J, Jayne DG, Smith AM, Heath RM, Brown JM, MRC CLASICC Trial Group (2005) Short-term end points of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 365:1718–1726PubMed
70.
go back to reference Hazebroek EJ (2002) COLOR: a randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open resection for colon cancer. Surg Endosc 16:949–953PubMed Hazebroek EJ (2002) COLOR: a randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open resection for colon cancer. Surg Endosc 16:949–953PubMed
71.
go back to reference Noel J, Fahrbach K, Estok R, Cella C, Frame D, Linz H, Cima R, Dozois EJ, Senagore A (2007) Minimally invasive colorectal resection outcomes: short-term comparison with open procedures. J Am Coll Surg 204:291–307PubMed Noel J, Fahrbach K, Estok R, Cella C, Frame D, Linz H, Cima R, Dozois EJ, Senagore A (2007) Minimally invasive colorectal resection outcomes: short-term comparison with open procedures. J Am Coll Surg 204:291–307PubMed
72.
go back to reference Reza MM, Blasco JA, Andradas E, Cantero R, Mayol J (2006) Systematic review of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 93:921–928PubMed Reza MM, Blasco JA, Andradas E, Cantero R, Mayol J (2006) Systematic review of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 93:921–928PubMed
73.
go back to reference Marusch F, Gastinger I, Schneider C, Scheidbach H, Konradt J, Bruch HP, Köhler L, Bärlehner E, Köckerling F, Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group (LCSSG) (2001) Importance of conversion for results obtained with laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 44:207–214 discussion 14–16PubMed Marusch F, Gastinger I, Schneider C, Scheidbach H, Konradt J, Bruch HP, Köhler L, Bärlehner E, Köckerling F, Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group (LCSSG) (2001) Importance of conversion for results obtained with laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 44:207–214 discussion 14–16PubMed
74.
go back to reference Senagore AJ, Delaney CP, Madboulay K, Brady KM, Fazio VW (2003) Laparoscopic colectomy in obese and nonobese patients. J Gastrointest Surg 7:558–561PubMed Senagore AJ, Delaney CP, Madboulay K, Brady KM, Fazio VW (2003) Laparoscopic colectomy in obese and nonobese patients. J Gastrointest Surg 7:558–561PubMed
75.
go back to reference Moloo H, Bedard EL, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Gregoire R, Schlachta CM (2006) Palliative laparoscopic resections for stage IV colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 49:213–218PubMed Moloo H, Bedard EL, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Gregoire R, Schlachta CM (2006) Palliative laparoscopic resections for stage IV colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 49:213–218PubMed
76.
go back to reference Macleod R (2005) Email communication. ASCRS Listserv 2005 Macleod R (2005) Email communication. ASCRS Listserv 2005
77.
go back to reference Cecil TD, Taffinder N, Gudgeon AM (2006) A personal view on laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 8(Suppl 3):30–32PubMed Cecil TD, Taffinder N, Gudgeon AM (2006) A personal view on laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 8(Suppl 3):30–32PubMed
78.
go back to reference Morino M, Parini U, Giraudo G, Salval M, Brachet Contul R, Garrone C (2003) Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: a consecutive series of 100 patients. Ann Surg 237:335–342 Morino M, Parini U, Giraudo G, Salval M, Brachet Contul R, Garrone C (2003) Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: a consecutive series of 100 patients. Ann Surg 237:335–342
79.
go back to reference Leroy J, Jamali F, Forbes L, Smith M, Rubino F, Mutter D, Marescaux J (2004) Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer surgery: long-term outcomes. Surg Endosc 18(2):281–289 Leroy J, Jamali F, Forbes L, Smith M, Rubino F, Mutter D, Marescaux J (2004) Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer surgery: long-term outcomes. Surg Endosc 18(2):281–289
80.
go back to reference Rattner D (2006) Innovation, disruption, and the perils of success. Surg Endosc 20:1802–1808PubMed Rattner D (2006) Innovation, disruption, and the perils of success. Surg Endosc 20:1802–1808PubMed
81.
go back to reference Patel AN, Buenaventura PO (2005) Current staging of esophageal carcinoma. Surg Clin North Am 85:555–567PubMed Patel AN, Buenaventura PO (2005) Current staging of esophageal carcinoma. Surg Clin North Am 85:555–567PubMed
82.
go back to reference Luketich JD, Meehan M, Nguyen NT, Christie N, Weigel T, Yousem S, Keenan RJ, Schauer PR (2000) Minimally invasive surgical staging for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc 14:700–702PubMed Luketich JD, Meehan M, Nguyen NT, Christie N, Weigel T, Yousem S, Keenan RJ, Schauer PR (2000) Minimally invasive surgical staging for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc 14:700–702PubMed
83.
go back to reference Abdalla EK, Pisters PW (2004) Staging and preoperative evaluation of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Semin Oncol 31:513–529PubMed Abdalla EK, Pisters PW (2004) Staging and preoperative evaluation of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Semin Oncol 31:513–529PubMed
84.
go back to reference Ribeiro A, Franceschi D, Parra J, Livingstone A, Lima M, Hamilton-Nelson K, Ardalan B (2006) Endoscopic ultrasound restaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 101:1216–1221PubMed Ribeiro A, Franceschi D, Parra J, Livingstone A, Lima M, Hamilton-Nelson K, Ardalan B (2006) Endoscopic ultrasound restaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 101:1216–1221PubMed
85.
go back to reference Das A, Chak A (2003) Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the staging of esophageal cancer: a review. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 19:474–476PubMed Das A, Chak A (2003) Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the staging of esophageal cancer: a review. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 19:474–476PubMed
86.
go back to reference McGrath K, Brody D, Luketich J, Khalid A (2006) Detection of unsuspected left hepatic lobe metastases during EUS staging of cancer of the esophagus and cardia. Am J Gastroenterol 101:1742–1746PubMed McGrath K, Brody D, Luketich J, Khalid A (2006) Detection of unsuspected left hepatic lobe metastases during EUS staging of cancer of the esophagus and cardia. Am J Gastroenterol 101:1742–1746PubMed
87.
go back to reference Sarela AI, Lefkowitz R, Brennan MF, Karpeh MS (2006) Selection of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma for laparoscopic staging. Am J Surg 191:134–138PubMed Sarela AI, Lefkowitz R, Brennan MF, Karpeh MS (2006) Selection of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma for laparoscopic staging. Am J Surg 191:134–138PubMed
88.
go back to reference Trivers KF, Sabatino SA, Stewart SL (2008) Trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histology, United States, 1998–2003. Int J Cancer 123:1422–1428PubMed Trivers KF, Sabatino SA, Stewart SL (2008) Trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histology, United States, 1998–2003. Int J Cancer 123:1422–1428PubMed
89.
go back to reference Lukanitch JM (2003) Section I: epidemiological review. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 15:158–162 Lukanitch JM (2003) Section I: epidemiological review. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 15:158–162
90.
go back to reference Daly JM, Karnell LH, Menck HR (1996) National cancer data base report of esophageal cancer. Cancer 78:1820–1828PubMed Daly JM, Karnell LH, Menck HR (1996) National cancer data base report of esophageal cancer. Cancer 78:1820–1828PubMed
91.
go back to reference Brown LM, Devesa SS (2002) Epidemiologic trends in esophageal and gastric cancer in the United States. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 11:235–256 Brown LM, Devesa SS (2002) Epidemiologic trends in esophageal and gastric cancer in the United States. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 11:235–256
92.
go back to reference Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Working Group (MRC OEO2) (2002) Surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 359:1727–1733 Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Working Group (MRC OEO2) (2002) Surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 359:1727–1733
93.
go back to reference Gebski V, Burmeister B, Smithers BM, Foo K, Zulcberg J, Simes J (2007) Survival benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy in oesophageal carcinoma: a metaanalysis. Lancet Oncol 8:226–234PubMed Gebski V, Burmeister B, Smithers BM, Foo K, Zulcberg J, Simes J (2007) Survival benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy in oesophageal carcinoma: a metaanalysis. Lancet Oncol 8:226–234PubMed
94.
go back to reference Weber WA, Ott K, Becker K, Dittler HJ, Helmberger H, Avril NE, Meisetschläger G, Busch R, Siewert JR, Schwaiger M, Fink U (2001) Prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction by metabolic imaging. J Clin Oncol 19:3058–3065PubMed Weber WA, Ott K, Becker K, Dittler HJ, Helmberger H, Avril NE, Meisetschläger G, Busch R, Siewert JR, Schwaiger M, Fink U (2001) Prediction of response to preoperative chemotherapy in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction by metabolic imaging. J Clin Oncol 19:3058–3065PubMed
95.
go back to reference Wieder HA, Ott K, Lordick F, Becker K, Stahl A, Herrmann K, Fink U, Siewert JR, Schwaiger M, Weber WA (2007) Prediction of tumor response by FDG-PET: comparison of the accuracy of single and sequential studies in patients with adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34:1925–1932PubMed Wieder HA, Ott K, Lordick F, Becker K, Stahl A, Herrmann K, Fink U, Siewert JR, Schwaiger M, Weber WA (2007) Prediction of tumor response by FDG-PET: comparison of the accuracy of single and sequential studies in patients with adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34:1925–1932PubMed
96.
go back to reference Lawrence W, Menck H, Steele G, Winchester D (1994) The national cancer database report on gastric cancer. Cancer 75:1737–1743 Lawrence W, Menck H, Steele G, Winchester D (1994) The national cancer database report on gastric cancer. Cancer 75:1737–1743
97.
go back to reference Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP et al (2006) Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med 355:11–20PubMed Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP et al (2006) Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med 355:11–20PubMed
98.
go back to reference Hewlett A (1900) The superficial glands of the esophagus. J Exp Med 5:319 Hewlett A (1900) The superficial glands of the esophagus. J Exp Med 5:319
99.
go back to reference Umar S, Fleischer DE (2008) Esophageal cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:517–526 Umar S, Fleischer DE (2008) Esophageal cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:517–526
100.
go back to reference Trivers KF, Sabatino SA, Stewart SL (2008) Trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histology, United States, 1998–2003. Int J Cancer 23:1422–1428 Trivers KF, Sabatino SA, Stewart SL (2008) Trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histology, United States, 1998–2003. Int J Cancer 23:1422–1428
101.
go back to reference DeMeester SR (2006) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: a review of the disease and its treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 13:12–16PubMed DeMeester SR (2006) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: a review of the disease and its treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 13:12–16PubMed
102.
go back to reference Akiyama H, Tsurumaru M, Kawamura T, Ono Y (1982) Esophageal stripping with preservation of the vagus nerve. Int Surg 67:125–128PubMed Akiyama H, Tsurumaru M, Kawamura T, Ono Y (1982) Esophageal stripping with preservation of the vagus nerve. Int Surg 67:125–128PubMed
103.
go back to reference Banki F, Mason RJ, DeMeester SR, Hagen JA, Balaji NS, Crookes PF, Bremner CG, Peters JH, DeMeester TR (2002) Vagal-sparing esophagectomy: a more physiologic alternative. Ann Surg 236:324–335 discussion 335–336PubMed Banki F, Mason RJ, DeMeester SR, Hagen JA, Balaji NS, Crookes PF, Bremner CG, Peters JH, DeMeester TR (2002) Vagal-sparing esophagectomy: a more physiologic alternative. Ann Surg 236:324–335 discussion 335–336PubMed
104.
go back to reference Maish MS, DeMeester SR (2004) Endoscopic mucosal resection as a staging technique to determine the depth of invasion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1777–1782PubMed Maish MS, DeMeester SR (2004) Endoscopic mucosal resection as a staging technique to determine the depth of invasion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1777–1782PubMed
105.
go back to reference Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, Peters JH, Chandrasoma P, DeMeester TR (2001) Curative resection for esophageal adenocarcinoma: analysis of 100 en bloc esophagectomies. Ann Surg 234:520–530 discussion 530–531PubMed Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, Peters JH, Chandrasoma P, DeMeester TR (2001) Curative resection for esophageal adenocarcinoma: analysis of 100 en bloc esophagectomies. Ann Surg 234:520–530 discussion 530–531PubMed
106.
go back to reference Altorki N, Skinner D (2001) Should en bloc esophagectomy be the standard of care for esophageal carcinoma? Ann Surg 234:581–587PubMed Altorki N, Skinner D (2001) Should en bloc esophagectomy be the standard of care for esophageal carcinoma? Ann Surg 234:581–587PubMed
107.
go back to reference Omloo JM, Lagarde SM, Hulscher JB, Reitsma JB, Fockens P, van Dekken H, Ten Kate FJ, Obertop H, Tilanus HW, van Lanschot JJ (2007) Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the mid/distal esophagus: five-year survival of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 246:992–1000 discussion 1000–1001PubMed Omloo JM, Lagarde SM, Hulscher JB, Reitsma JB, Fockens P, van Dekken H, Ten Kate FJ, Obertop H, Tilanus HW, van Lanschot JJ (2007) Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the mid/distal esophagus: five-year survival of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 246:992–1000 discussion 1000–1001PubMed
108.
go back to reference Sihvo EI, Luostarinen ME, Salo JA (2004) Fate of patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 99:419–424PubMed Sihvo EI, Luostarinen ME, Salo JA (2004) Fate of patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction: a population-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 99:419–424PubMed
109.
go back to reference Johansson J, DeMeester TR, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, Peters JH, Oberg S, Bremner CG (2004) En bloc vs. transhiatal esophagectomy for stage T3 N1 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. Arch Surg 139:627–631 discussion 631–633PubMed Johansson J, DeMeester TR, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, Peters JH, Oberg S, Bremner CG (2004) En bloc vs. transhiatal esophagectomy for stage T3 N1 adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. Arch Surg 139:627–631 discussion 631–633PubMed
110.
go back to reference Rizzetto C, DeMeester SR, Hagen JA, Peyre CG, Lipham JC, DeMeester TR (2008) En bloc esophagectomy reduces local recurrence and improves survival compared with transhiatal resection after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 135:1228–1236PubMed Rizzetto C, DeMeester SR, Hagen JA, Peyre CG, Lipham JC, DeMeester TR (2008) En bloc esophagectomy reduces local recurrence and improves survival compared with transhiatal resection after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 135:1228–1236PubMed
111.
go back to reference Headrick JR, Nichols FCIII, Miller DL, Allen MS, Trastek VF, Deschamps C, Schleck CD, Thompson AM, Pairolero PC (2002) High-grade esophageal dysplasia: long-term survival and quality of life after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 73:1697–1702; discussion 1702–1703PubMed Headrick JR, Nichols FCIII, Miller DL, Allen MS, Trastek VF, Deschamps C, Schleck CD, Thompson AM, Pairolero PC (2002) High-grade esophageal dysplasia: long-term survival and quality of life after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 73:1697–1702; discussion 1702–1703PubMed
112.
go back to reference Urschel JD, Blewett CJ, Young JE, Miller JD, Bennett WF (2002) Pyloric drainage (pyloroplasty) or no drainage in gastric reconstruction after esophagectomy: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Dig Surg 19:160–164PubMed Urschel JD, Blewett CJ, Young JE, Miller JD, Bennett WF (2002) Pyloric drainage (pyloroplasty) or no drainage in gastric reconstruction after esophagectomy: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Dig Surg 19:160–164PubMed
113.
go back to reference Dresner SM, Wayman J, Bennet MK, Hayes N, Griffin SM (2003) A human model of duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux in the development of Barrett’s metaplasia. BJS 90:1120–1128 Dresner SM, Wayman J, Bennet MK, Hayes N, Griffin SM (2003) A human model of duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux in the development of Barrett’s metaplasia. BJS 90:1120–1128
114.
go back to reference Oh DS, Hagen JA, Chandrasoma PT, Dunst CM, Demeester SR, Alavi M, Bremner CG, Lipham J, Rizzetto C, Cote R, Demeester TR (2006) Clinical biology and surgical therapy of intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Am Coll Surg 203:152–161PubMed Oh DS, Hagen JA, Chandrasoma PT, Dunst CM, Demeester SR, Alavi M, Bremner CG, Lipham J, Rizzetto C, Cote R, Demeester TR (2006) Clinical biology and surgical therapy of intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Am Coll Surg 203:152–161PubMed
115.
go back to reference Walsh TN, Noonan N, Hollywood D (1996) A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 335:462–467PubMed Walsh TN, Noonan N, Hollywood D (1996) A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 335:462–467PubMed
116.
go back to reference Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A, Iannettoni M, Forastiere A, Strawderman M (2001) Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional oesophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 19:305–313PubMed Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A, Iannettoni M, Forastiere A, Strawderman M (2001) Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional oesophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 19:305–313PubMed
117.
go back to reference Fiorica F, Di Bona D, Schepis F, Licata A, Shahied L, Venturi A, Falchi AM, Craxì A, Cammà C (2004) Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Gut 53:925–930PubMed Fiorica F, Di Bona D, Schepis F, Licata A, Shahied L, Venturi A, Falchi AM, Craxì A, Cammà C (2004) Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Gut 53:925–930PubMed
118.
go back to reference Wang GQ, Jiao GG, Chang FB, Fang WH, Song JX, Lu N, Lin DM, Xie YQ, Yang L (2004) Long-term results of operation for 420 patients with early squamous cell esophageal carcinoma discovered by screening. Ann Thorac Surg 77:1740–1744PubMed Wang GQ, Jiao GG, Chang FB, Fang WH, Song JX, Lu N, Lin DM, Xie YQ, Yang L (2004) Long-term results of operation for 420 patients with early squamous cell esophageal carcinoma discovered by screening. Ann Thorac Surg 77:1740–1744PubMed
119.
go back to reference Rice TW, Mason DP, Murthy SC, Zuccaro G Jr, Adelstein DJ, Rybicki LA, Blackstone EH (2007) T2N0M0 esophageal cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133:317–324PubMed Rice TW, Mason DP, Murthy SC, Zuccaro G Jr, Adelstein DJ, Rybicki LA, Blackstone EH (2007) T2N0M0 esophageal cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133:317–324PubMed
120.
go back to reference Ross WA, Alkassab F, Lynch PM, Ayers GD, Ajani J, Lee JH, Bismar M (2007) Evolving role of self-expanding metal stents in the treatment of malignant dysphagia and fistulas. Gastrointest Endosc 65:70–76PubMed Ross WA, Alkassab F, Lynch PM, Ayers GD, Ajani J, Lee JH, Bismar M (2007) Evolving role of self-expanding metal stents in the treatment of malignant dysphagia and fistulas. Gastrointest Endosc 65:70–76PubMed
121.
go back to reference Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Jehaes C, Markiewicz S, Lombard R (1991) Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: preliminary report. Surg Endosc 3:138–143 Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Jehaes C, Markiewicz S, Lombard R (1991) Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: preliminary report. Surg Endosc 3:138–143
122.
go back to reference Ackroyd R, Watson D, Majeed A, Troy G, Treacy PJ, Stoddard CJ (2004) Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. BJS 91:975–982 Ackroyd R, Watson D, Majeed A, Troy G, Treacy PJ, Stoddard CJ (2004) Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. BJS 91:975–982
123.
go back to reference DeMeester TR, Bonavina L, Albertucci M (1986) Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease: evaluation of primary repair in 100 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 204:9–20PubMed DeMeester TR, Bonavina L, Albertucci M (1986) Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease: evaluation of primary repair in 100 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 204:9–20PubMed
124.
go back to reference Hunter J, Trus T, Branum G, Waring J, Wood C (1996) Physiologic approach to laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Surg 223:673–685PubMed Hunter J, Trus T, Branum G, Waring J, Wood C (1996) Physiologic approach to laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Surg 223:673–685PubMed
125.
go back to reference Luketich J, Fernando H, Christie N, Buenaventura PO, Keenan RJ, Ikramuddin S, Schauer PR (2001) Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagomyotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1909–1912PubMed Luketich J, Fernando H, Christie N, Buenaventura PO, Keenan RJ, Ikramuddin S, Schauer PR (2001) Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagomyotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1909–1912PubMed
126.
go back to reference Patti M, Pellegrini C, Horgan S, Arcerito M, Omelanczuk P, Tamburini A, Diener U, Eubanks TR, Way LW (1999) Minimally invasive surgery for achalasia: an 8-year experience with 168 patients. Ann Surg 230:587–593PubMed Patti M, Pellegrini C, Horgan S, Arcerito M, Omelanczuk P, Tamburini A, Diener U, Eubanks TR, Way LW (1999) Minimally invasive surgery for achalasia: an 8-year experience with 168 patients. Ann Surg 230:587–593PubMed
127.
go back to reference Khajanchee Y, Kannega S, Leatherwood A, Hansen P, Swanstrom L (2005) Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication: outcomes predictors in 121 consecutive patients. Arch Surg 140:827–833 Khajanchee Y, Kannega S, Leatherwood A, Hansen P, Swanstrom L (2005) Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication: outcomes predictors in 121 consecutive patients. Arch Surg 140:827–833
128.
go back to reference Patti M, Fisichella P, Perretta S, Galvani C, Gorodner MV, Robinson T, Way LW (2003) Impact of minimally invasive surgery on the treatment of achalsia: a decade of change. J Am Coll Surg 196:698–705PubMed Patti M, Fisichella P, Perretta S, Galvani C, Gorodner MV, Robinson T, Way LW (2003) Impact of minimally invasive surgery on the treatment of achalsia: a decade of change. J Am Coll Surg 196:698–705PubMed
129.
go back to reference Millikan K, Silverstein J, Hart V, Blair K, Bines S, Roberts J, Doolas A (1995) A 15-year review of esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. J Am Coll Surg 118:328–332 Millikan K, Silverstein J, Hart V, Blair K, Bines S, Roberts J, Doolas A (1995) A 15-year review of esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. J Am Coll Surg 118:328–332
130.
go back to reference Atkins B, Shah A, Hutcheson K, Mangum JH, Pappas TN, Harpole DH Jr, D’Amico TA (2004) Reducing hospital morbidity and mortality following esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1170–1176PubMed Atkins B, Shah A, Hutcheson K, Mangum JH, Pappas TN, Harpole DH Jr, D’Amico TA (2004) Reducing hospital morbidity and mortality following esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1170–1176PubMed
131.
go back to reference Stahl M, Stuschke M, Lehmann N, Meyer HJ, Walz MK, Seeber S, Klump B, Budach W, Teichmann R, Schmitt M, Schmitt G, Franke C, Wilke H (2005) Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 23:2310–2317PubMed Stahl M, Stuschke M, Lehmann N, Meyer HJ, Walz MK, Seeber S, Klump B, Budach W, Teichmann R, Schmitt M, Schmitt G, Franke C, Wilke H (2005) Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 23:2310–2317PubMed
132.
go back to reference Chiu P, Chan A, Leung S, Leong HT, Kwong KH, Li MK, Au-Yeung AC, Chung SC, Ng EK (2005) Multicenter prospective randomized trial comparing standard esophagectomy with chemoradiotherapy for treatment of squamous esophageal cancer: early results from the Chinese University Research Group for Esophageal Cancer (CURE). J Gastrointest Surg 9:794–802PubMed Chiu P, Chan A, Leung S, Leong HT, Kwong KH, Li MK, Au-Yeung AC, Chung SC, Ng EK (2005) Multicenter prospective randomized trial comparing standard esophagectomy with chemoradiotherapy for treatment of squamous esophageal cancer: early results from the Chinese University Research Group for Esophageal Cancer (CURE). J Gastrointest Surg 9:794–802PubMed
133.
go back to reference Luketich J, Alvelo-Rivera M, Buenaventura P, Christie NA, McCaughan JS, Litle VR, Schauer PR, Close JM, Fernando HC (2003) Minimally invasive esophagectomy outcomes in 222 patients. Ann Surg 238:486–495PubMed Luketich J, Alvelo-Rivera M, Buenaventura P, Christie NA, McCaughan JS, Litle VR, Schauer PR, Close JM, Fernando HC (2003) Minimally invasive esophagectomy outcomes in 222 patients. Ann Surg 238:486–495PubMed
134.
go back to reference Collard JM, Lengele B, Otte JB, Ketsens PJ (1993) En bloc and standard esophagectomies by thoracoscopy. Ann Thorac Surg 56:675–679 Collard JM, Lengele B, Otte JB, Ketsens PJ (1993) En bloc and standard esophagectomies by thoracoscopy. Ann Thorac Surg 56:675–679
135.
go back to reference Akaishi T, Kaneda I, Higuchi N, Kuriya Y, Kuramoto J, Toyoda T, Wakabayashi A (1996) Thoracoscopic en bloc total esophagectomy with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 96(112):1533–1540 Akaishi T, Kaneda I, Higuchi N, Kuriya Y, Kuramoto J, Toyoda T, Wakabayashi A (1996) Thoracoscopic en bloc total esophagectomy with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 96(112):1533–1540
136.
go back to reference Robertson GS, Lloyd DM, Wicks AC, Veitch (1996) No obvious advantages for thoracoscopic two-stage oesophagectomy. Br J Surg 83:675–678 Robertson GS, Lloyd DM, Wicks AC, Veitch (1996) No obvious advantages for thoracoscopic two-stage oesophagectomy. Br J Surg 83:675–678
137.
go back to reference DePaula AL, Hashiba K, Ferreira EA, de Paula RA, Grecco E (1995) Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy with esophagogastroplasty. Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:1–5PubMed DePaula AL, Hashiba K, Ferreira EA, de Paula RA, Grecco E (1995) Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy with esophagogastroplasty. Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:1–5PubMed
138.
go back to reference Swanstrom L, Hansen P (1997) Laparoscopic total esophagectomy. Arch Surg 132:943PubMed Swanstrom L, Hansen P (1997) Laparoscopic total esophagectomy. Arch Surg 132:943PubMed
139.
go back to reference Bizekis C, Kent M, Buenaventura P, et al (2005) Initial experience with minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Presented at the annual meeting of the southern thoracic surgical association, 10–12 November 2005. Orlando, FL Bizekis C, Kent M, Buenaventura P, et al (2005) Initial experience with minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Presented at the annual meeting of the southern thoracic surgical association, 10–12 November 2005. Orlando, FL
140.
go back to reference Cushieri A, Shimi S, Banting S (1992) Endoscopic esophagectomy through a right thoracoscopic approach. J R Coll Surg Edinb 37:7–11 Cushieri A, Shimi S, Banting S (1992) Endoscopic esophagectomy through a right thoracoscopic approach. J R Coll Surg Edinb 37:7–11
141.
go back to reference Palanivelu C, Prakash A, Rangaswamy S, Senthilnathan P, Parthasarathi R, Rajan PS, Venkatachlam S (2006) Minimally invasive esophagectomy: thoracoscopic mobilization of the esophagus and mediastinal lymphadenectomy in prone position: an experience of 130 patients. J Am Coll Surg 203:7–16PubMed Palanivelu C, Prakash A, Rangaswamy S, Senthilnathan P, Parthasarathi R, Rajan PS, Venkatachlam S (2006) Minimally invasive esophagectomy: thoracoscopic mobilization of the esophagus and mediastinal lymphadenectomy in prone position: an experience of 130 patients. J Am Coll Surg 203:7–16PubMed
142.
go back to reference Nguyen N, Follette D, Wolfe B et al (2000) Comparison of minimally invasive esophagectomy with transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy. Arch Surg 135:920PubMed Nguyen N, Follette D, Wolfe B et al (2000) Comparison of minimally invasive esophagectomy with transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy. Arch Surg 135:920PubMed
143.
go back to reference Nguyen N, Roberts P, Follette D, Rivers R, Wolfe B (2003) Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for benign and malignant disease: lessons learned from 46 consecutive procedures. J Am Coll Surg 197:902–913PubMed Nguyen N, Roberts P, Follette D, Rivers R, Wolfe B (2003) Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for benign and malignant disease: lessons learned from 46 consecutive procedures. J Am Coll Surg 197:902–913PubMed
144.
go back to reference Narumiya K, Nakamura T, Ide H, Takasaki K (2005) Comparison of extended esophagectomy through mini-thoracotomy/laparotomy with conventional thoracotomy/laparotomy for esophageal cancer. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 53:413–419PubMed Narumiya K, Nakamura T, Ide H, Takasaki K (2005) Comparison of extended esophagectomy through mini-thoracotomy/laparotomy with conventional thoracotomy/laparotomy for esophageal cancer. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 53:413–419PubMed
145.
go back to reference Smithers BM, Gotley DC, Martin I, Thomas JM (2007) Comparison of the outcomes between open and minimally invasive esophagectomy. Ann Surg 245:232–240PubMed Smithers BM, Gotley DC, Martin I, Thomas JM (2007) Comparison of the outcomes between open and minimally invasive esophagectomy. Ann Surg 245:232–240PubMed
146.
go back to reference Braghetto I, Csendes A, Cardemil G, Burdiles P, Korn O, Valladares H (2006) Open transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy versus minimally invasive esophagectomy in terms of morbidity, mortality, and survival. Surg Endosc 20:1681–1686PubMed Braghetto I, Csendes A, Cardemil G, Burdiles P, Korn O, Valladares H (2006) Open transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy versus minimally invasive esophagectomy in terms of morbidity, mortality, and survival. Surg Endosc 20:1681–1686PubMed
147.
go back to reference Osugi H, Takemura M, Higashino M, Takada N, Lee S, Ueno M, Tanaka Y, Fukuhara K, Hashimoto Y, Fujiwara Y, Kinoshita H (2003) Learning curve of video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy for squamous cell cancer of the thoracic esophagus and results. Surg Endosc 17:515–519PubMed Osugi H, Takemura M, Higashino M, Takada N, Lee S, Ueno M, Tanaka Y, Fukuhara K, Hashimoto Y, Fujiwara Y, Kinoshita H (2003) Learning curve of video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy for squamous cell cancer of the thoracic esophagus and results. Surg Endosc 17:515–519PubMed
148.
go back to reference Taguchi S, Osugi H, Higashino M (2003) Comparison of three-field esophagectomy for esophageal cancer incorporating open or thoracoscopic thoracotomy. Surg Endosc 17:445–1450 Taguchi S, Osugi H, Higashino M (2003) Comparison of three-field esophagectomy for esophageal cancer incorporating open or thoracoscopic thoracotomy. Surg Endosc 17:445–1450
149.
go back to reference Guilianotti P, Coratti A, Angelina M, Sbrana F, Cecconi S, Balestracci T, Caravaglios G (2003) Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. Arch Surg 138:777–784 Guilianotti P, Coratti A, Angelina M, Sbrana F, Cecconi S, Balestracci T, Caravaglios G (2003) Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. Arch Surg 138:777–784
150.
go back to reference Bodner J, Wykypiel H, Wetscher G, Schmid T (2004) First experience with the da Vinci trademark operating robot in thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothor Surg 25:844–851 Bodner J, Wykypiel H, Wetscher G, Schmid T (2004) First experience with the da Vinci trademark operating robot in thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothor Surg 25:844–851
151.
go back to reference Melvin W, Needleman B, Krause K, Schneider C, Wolf RK, Michler RE, Ellison EC (2002) Computer-enhanced robotic telesurgery: initial experience in foregut surgery. Surg Endosc 16:1790–1792PubMed Melvin W, Needleman B, Krause K, Schneider C, Wolf RK, Michler RE, Ellison EC (2002) Computer-enhanced robotic telesurgery: initial experience in foregut surgery. Surg Endosc 16:1790–1792PubMed
152.
go back to reference Horgan S, Berger R, Elli E, Espat N (2003) Robotic-assisted minimally-invasive transhiatal esophagectomy. Am Surg 69:624–669PubMed Horgan S, Berger R, Elli E, Espat N (2003) Robotic-assisted minimally-invasive transhiatal esophagectomy. Am Surg 69:624–669PubMed
153.
go back to reference Jacobsen G, Espat N, Berger R (2004) A single-institution experience with robotically assisted transhiatal total esophagectomy. SAGES 2004 scientific and postgraduate courses, 31 March–3 April 2004. Denver, CO Jacobsen G, Espat N, Berger R (2004) A single-institution experience with robotically assisted transhiatal total esophagectomy. SAGES 2004 scientific and postgraduate courses, 31 March–3 April 2004. Denver, CO
154.
go back to reference Watson DI, Jamieson GG, Devitt PG (2000) Endoscopic cervicothoracoabdominal esophagectomy. J Am Coll Surg 193:372–378 Watson DI, Jamieson GG, Devitt PG (2000) Endoscopic cervicothoracoabdominal esophagectomy. J Am Coll Surg 193:372–378
155.
go back to reference Gossot D, Cattan P, Fritsch S, Halimi, Sarfati E, Celerier M (1995) Can the morbidity of esophagectomy be reduced by the thoracoscopic approach? Surg Endosc 9:1113–1115 Gossot D, Cattan P, Fritsch S, Halimi, Sarfati E, Celerier M (1995) Can the morbidity of esophagectomy be reduced by the thoracoscopic approach? Surg Endosc 9:1113–1115
156.
go back to reference Jagot P, Sauvanet A, Berthoux L, Beghiti J (1996) Laparoscopic mobilization of the stomach for oesophageal replacement. Br J Surg 83:540–542 Jagot P, Sauvanet A, Berthoux L, Beghiti J (1996) Laparoscopic mobilization of the stomach for oesophageal replacement. Br J Surg 83:540–542
157.
go back to reference Liu HP, Ch Chang, Lin PJ, Chang JP (1995) Video-assisted endoscopic esophagectomy with stapled intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. World J Surg 19:745–747PubMed Liu HP, Ch Chang, Lin PJ, Chang JP (1995) Video-assisted endoscopic esophagectomy with stapled intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. World J Surg 19:745–747PubMed
158.
go back to reference Peracchia A, Rosati R, Fumagalli U, Bona S, Chella B (1997) Thoracoscopic esophagectomy: are there benefits? Semin Surg Oncol 13:259–262PubMed Peracchia A, Rosati R, Fumagalli U, Bona S, Chella B (1997) Thoracoscopic esophagectomy: are there benefits? Semin Surg Oncol 13:259–262PubMed
159.
go back to reference Law S, Fok M, Chu KM, Wong J (1997) Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surgery 122:8–14 Law S, Fok M, Chu KM, Wong J (1997) Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surgery 122:8–14
160.
go back to reference Kawahara K, Maekawa T, Okabayashi T, Hideshima T, Shiraishi T, Yoshinaga Y, Shirakusa T (1999) Video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc 13:218–223PubMed Kawahara K, Maekawa T, Okabayashi T, Hideshima T, Shiraishi T, Yoshinaga Y, Shirakusa T (1999) Video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc 13:218–223PubMed
161.
go back to reference Smithers BM, Gotley DC, McEwan D, Martin I, Bessell J, Doyle L (2001) Thoracoscopic mobilization of the esophagus: a six-year experience. Surg Endosc 15:176–182PubMed Smithers BM, Gotley DC, McEwan D, Martin I, Bessell J, Doyle L (2001) Thoracoscopic mobilization of the esophagus: a six-year experience. Surg Endosc 15:176–182PubMed
162.
go back to reference Mathisen DJ, Grillo HC, Wilkins EW, Moncure AC, Hilgenberg AD (1988) Transthoracic esophagectomy: a safe approach to carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Thorac Surg 45:137–143PubMedCrossRef Mathisen DJ, Grillo HC, Wilkins EW, Moncure AC, Hilgenberg AD (1988) Transthoracic esophagectomy: a safe approach to carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Thorac Surg 45:137–143PubMedCrossRef
163.
go back to reference Lerut T, DeLeyn P, Coosemans W, Van Raemdonck D, Scheys I, LeSaffre E (1992) Surgical strategies in esophagealcarcinoma with emphasis on radical lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg 216:583–590PubMed Lerut T, DeLeyn P, Coosemans W, Van Raemdonck D, Scheys I, LeSaffre E (1992) Surgical strategies in esophagealcarcinoma with emphasis on radical lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg 216:583–590PubMed
164.
go back to reference Orringer MB, Marshall B, Iannettoni MD (1999) Transhiatal esophagectomy: clinical experience and refinements. Ann Surg 230:392–403PubMed Orringer MB, Marshall B, Iannettoni MD (1999) Transhiatal esophagectomy: clinical experience and refinements. Ann Surg 230:392–403PubMed
165.
go back to reference Swanson SJ, Batirel HF, Bueno R, Jaklitsch MT, Lukanich JM, Allred E, Mentzer SJ, Sugarbaker DJ (2001) Transthoracic esophagectomy with radical mediastinal and abdominal lymph node dissection and cervical esophagogastrostomy for esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1918–1925PubMed Swanson SJ, Batirel HF, Bueno R, Jaklitsch MT, Lukanich JM, Allred E, Mentzer SJ, Sugarbaker DJ (2001) Transthoracic esophagectomy with radical mediastinal and abdominal lymph node dissection and cervical esophagogastrostomy for esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 72:1918–1925PubMed
166.
go back to reference Bailey SH, Bull DA, Harpole DH, Rentz JJ, Neumayer LA, Pappas TN, Daley J, Henderson WG, Krasnicka B, Khuri SF (2003) Outcomes after esophagectomy: a ten-year prospective cohort. Ann Thorac Surg 75:217–222PubMed Bailey SH, Bull DA, Harpole DH, Rentz JJ, Neumayer LA, Pappas TN, Daley J, Henderson WG, Krasnicka B, Khuri SF (2003) Outcomes after esophagectomy: a ten-year prospective cohort. Ann Thorac Surg 75:217–222PubMed
167.
go back to reference Rizk NP, Bach PB, Schrag D, Bains MS, Turnbull AD, Karpeh M, Brennan MF, Rusch VW (2004) The impact of complications on outcomes after resection for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 198:42–50PubMed Rizk NP, Bach PB, Schrag D, Bains MS, Turnbull AD, Karpeh M, Brennan MF, Rusch VW (2004) The impact of complications on outcomes after resection for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 198:42–50PubMed
168.
go back to reference Maruyama K, Gunven P, Okabayashi K, Sasako M, Kinoshita T (1989) Lymph node metastases of gastric cancer: general pattern in 1, 931 patients. Ann Surg 210:596–602PubMed Maruyama K, Gunven P, Okabayashi K, Sasako M, Kinoshita T (1989) Lymph node metastases of gastric cancer: general pattern in 1, 931 patients. Ann Surg 210:596–602PubMed
169.
go back to reference Kitajima M (2005) Strategies for gastric cancer treatment in the twenty-first century: minimally invasive and tailored approaches integrating basic science and clinical medicine. Gastric Cancer 8:55–58PubMed Kitajima M (2005) Strategies for gastric cancer treatment in the twenty-first century: minimally invasive and tailored approaches integrating basic science and clinical medicine. Gastric Cancer 8:55–58PubMed
170.
go back to reference Siewert JR, Kestlmeier R, Busch R, Böttcher K, Roder JD, Müller J, Fellbaum C, Höfler H (1996) Benefits of D2 lymph node dissection for patients with gastric cancer and pN0 and pN1 lymph node metastases. Br J Surg 83:1144–1147PubMed Siewert JR, Kestlmeier R, Busch R, Böttcher K, Roder JD, Müller J, Fellbaum C, Höfler H (1996) Benefits of D2 lymph node dissection for patients with gastric cancer and pN0 and pN1 lymph node metastases. Br J Surg 83:1144–1147PubMed
171.
go back to reference Maruyama K, Sasako M, Kinoshita T, Sano T, Katai H, Okajima K (1995) Pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer. World J Surg 19:532–536PubMed Maruyama K, Sasako M, Kinoshita T, Sano T, Katai H, Okajima K (1995) Pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer. World J Surg 19:532–536PubMed
172.
go back to reference Griffith JP, Sue-Ling HM, Martin I et al (1995) Preservation of the spleen improves survival after radical surgery for gastric cancer. Gut 36:684–690PubMed Griffith JP, Sue-Ling HM, Martin I et al (1995) Preservation of the spleen improves survival after radical surgery for gastric cancer. Gut 36:684–690PubMed
173.
go back to reference Hartgrink HH, van de Velde CJ, Putter H, Bonenkamp JJ, Klein Kranenbarg E, Songun I, Welvaart K, van Krieken JH, Meijer S, Plukker JT, van Elk PJ, Obertop H, Gouma DJ, van Lanschot JJ, Taat CW, de Graaf PW, von Meyenfeldt MF, Tilanus H, Sasako M (2004) Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: who may benefit? Final results of the randomized Dutch gastric cancer group trial. J Clin Oncol 22:2069–2077PubMed Hartgrink HH, van de Velde CJ, Putter H, Bonenkamp JJ, Klein Kranenbarg E, Songun I, Welvaart K, van Krieken JH, Meijer S, Plukker JT, van Elk PJ, Obertop H, Gouma DJ, van Lanschot JJ, Taat CW, de Graaf PW, von Meyenfeldt MF, Tilanus H, Sasako M (2004) Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: who may benefit? Final results of the randomized Dutch gastric cancer group trial. J Clin Oncol 22:2069–2077PubMed
174.
go back to reference Bonenkamp JJ, Hermans JS, M van De Velde CJH (1999) Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 340 Bonenkamp JJ, Hermans JS, M van De Velde CJH (1999) Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 340
175.
go back to reference Sarela AI, Turnbull AD, Coit DG, Klimstra D, Brennan MF, Karpeh MS (2003) Accurate lymph node staging is of greater prognostic importance than subclassification of the T2 category for gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 10:783–791PubMed Sarela AI, Turnbull AD, Coit DG, Klimstra D, Brennan MF, Karpeh MS (2003) Accurate lymph node staging is of greater prognostic importance than subclassification of the T2 category for gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 10:783–791PubMed
176.
go back to reference Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, Hundahl SA, Estes NC, Stemmermann GN, Haller DG, Ajani JA, Gunderson LL, Jessup JM, Martenson JA (2001) Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Med 345:725–730PubMed Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, Hundahl SA, Estes NC, Stemmermann GN, Haller DG, Ajani JA, Gunderson LL, Jessup JM, Martenson JA (2001) Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Med 345:725–730PubMed
177.
go back to reference Hundahl SA, Macdonald JS, Benedetti J, Fitzsimmons T (2002) Surgical treatment variation in a prospective, randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer: the effect of undertreatment. Ann Surg Oncol 9:278–286PubMed Hundahl SA, Macdonald JS, Benedetti J, Fitzsimmons T (2002) Surgical treatment variation in a prospective, randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer: the effect of undertreatment. Ann Surg Oncol 9:278–286PubMed
178.
go back to reference Yamaguchi T, Sano T, Katai H, Sasako M, Maruyama K (2001) Node-positive mucosal gastric cancer: a follow-up study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 31:153PubMed Yamaguchi T, Sano T, Katai H, Sasako M, Maruyama K (2001) Node-positive mucosal gastric cancer: a follow-up study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 31:153PubMed
179.
go back to reference Dent DM, Madden MV, Price SK (1988) Randomized comparison of R1 and R2 gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 75:110–112PubMed Dent DM, Madden MV, Price SK (1988) Randomized comparison of R1 and R2 gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 75:110–112PubMed
180.
go back to reference Robertson CS, Chung SC, Woods SD, Griffin SM, Raimes SA, Lau JT, Li AK (1994) A prospective randomized trial comparing R1 subtotal gastrectomy with R3 total gastrectomy for antral cancer. Ann Surg 220:176–182PubMed Robertson CS, Chung SC, Woods SD, Griffin SM, Raimes SA, Lau JT, Li AK (1994) A prospective randomized trial comparing R1 subtotal gastrectomy with R3 total gastrectomy for antral cancer. Ann Surg 220:176–182PubMed
181.
go back to reference Cuschieri A, Fayers P, Fielding J, Craven J, Bancewicz J, Joypaul V, Cook P (1996) Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial. The surgical cooperative group. Lancet 347:995–999PubMed Cuschieri A, Fayers P, Fielding J, Craven J, Bancewicz J, Joypaul V, Cook P (1996) Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial. The surgical cooperative group. Lancet 347:995–999PubMed
182.
go back to reference Degiuli M, Sasako M, Calgaro M, Garino M, Rebecchi F, Mineccia M, Scaglione D, Andreone D, Ponti A, Calvo F, Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (2004) Morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 gastrectomy for cancer: interim analysis of the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (IGCSG) randomised surgical trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 30:303–308PubMed Degiuli M, Sasako M, Calgaro M, Garino M, Rebecchi F, Mineccia M, Scaglione D, Andreone D, Ponti A, Calvo F, Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (2004) Morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 gastrectomy for cancer: interim analysis of the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (IGCSG) randomised surgical trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 30:303–308PubMed
183.
go back to reference Sano T, Sasako M, Yamamoto S, Nashimoto A, Kurita A, Hiratsuka M, Tsujinaka T, Kinoshita T, Arai K, Yamamura Y, Okajima K (2004) Gastric cancer surgery: morbidity and mortality results from a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing D2 and extended para-aortic lymphadenectomy—Japan clinical oncology group study 9501. J Clin Oncol 22:2767–2773PubMed Sano T, Sasako M, Yamamoto S, Nashimoto A, Kurita A, Hiratsuka M, Tsujinaka T, Kinoshita T, Arai K, Yamamura Y, Okajima K (2004) Gastric cancer surgery: morbidity and mortality results from a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing D2 and extended para-aortic lymphadenectomy—Japan clinical oncology group study 9501. J Clin Oncol 22:2767–2773PubMed
184.
go back to reference Huscher CG, Mingoli A, Sgarzini G, Sansonetti A, Di Paola M, Recher A, Ponzano C (2005) Laparoscopic versus open subtotal gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer: five-year results of a randomized prospective trial. Ann Surg 241:232–237PubMed Huscher CG, Mingoli A, Sgarzini G, Sansonetti A, Di Paola M, Recher A, Ponzano C (2005) Laparoscopic versus open subtotal gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer: five-year results of a randomized prospective trial. Ann Surg 241:232–237PubMed
185.
go back to reference Aiko T, Sasako M (1998) The new Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma: points to be revised. Gastric Cancer 1:25–30PubMed Aiko T, Sasako M (1998) The new Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma: points to be revised. Gastric Cancer 1:25–30PubMed
186.
go back to reference Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (2002) JGCA gastric cancer treatment guidelines. Kanehara & Co, Ltd, Tokyo Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (2002) JGCA gastric cancer treatment guidelines. Kanehara & Co, Ltd, Tokyo
187.
go back to reference Uyama I, Sugioka A, Fujita J, Komori Y, Matsui H, Soga R, Wakayama A, Okamoto K, Ohyama A, Hasumi A (1999) Completely laparoscopic extraperigastric lymph node dissection for gastric malignancies located in the middle or lower third of the stomach. Gastric Cancer 2:186–190PubMed Uyama I, Sugioka A, Fujita J, Komori Y, Matsui H, Soga R, Wakayama A, Okamoto K, Ohyama A, Hasumi A (1999) Completely laparoscopic extraperigastric lymph node dissection for gastric malignancies located in the middle or lower third of the stomach. Gastric Cancer 2:186–190PubMed
188.
go back to reference Uyama I, Sugioka A, Matsui H, Fujita J, Komori Y, Hasumi A (2000) Laparoscopic D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer located in the middle or lower third portion of the stomach. Gastric Cancer 3:50–55PubMed Uyama I, Sugioka A, Matsui H, Fujita J, Komori Y, Hasumi A (2000) Laparoscopic D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer located in the middle or lower third portion of the stomach. Gastric Cancer 3:50–55PubMed
189.
go back to reference Uyama I, Sugioka A, Fujita J, Komori Y, Matsui H, Hasumi A (1999) Laparoscopic total gastrectomy with distal pancreatosplenectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2:230–234PubMed Uyama I, Sugioka A, Fujita J, Komori Y, Matsui H, Hasumi A (1999) Laparoscopic total gastrectomy with distal pancreatosplenectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2:230–234PubMed
190.
go back to reference Uyama I, Sugioka A, Matsui H, Fujita J, Komori Y, Hasumi A (2001) Laparoscopic pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer: a case and technical report. Surg Endosc 15:217–218PubMed Uyama I, Sugioka A, Matsui H, Fujita J, Komori Y, Hasumi A (2001) Laparoscopic pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer: a case and technical report. Surg Endosc 15:217–218PubMed
191.
go back to reference Kent MS, Schuchert M, Fernando H, Luketich JD (2006) Minimally invasive esophagectomy: state of the art. Dis Esophagus 19(3):137–145. ReviewPubMed Kent MS, Schuchert M, Fernando H, Luketich JD (2006) Minimally invasive esophagectomy: state of the art. Dis Esophagus 19(3):137–145. ReviewPubMed
Metadata
Title
Minimally invasive surgery and cancer: controversies part 1
Authors
Melanie Goldfarb
Steven Brower
S. D. Schwaitzberg
Publication date
01-02-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Surgical Endoscopy / Issue 2/2010
Print ISSN: 0930-2794
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-009-0583-3

Other articles of this Issue 2/2010

Surgical Endoscopy 2/2010 Go to the issue