Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 12/2012

01-12-2012 | Original Article

Minimally Invasive Liver Resection: Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy

Authors: Vignesh Packiam, David L. Bartlett, Samer Tohme, Srinevas Reddy, J. Wallis Marsh, David A. Geller, Allan Tsung

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Issue 12/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and economic outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (LLS).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was made comparing robotic (n = 11) and laparoscopic (n = 18) LLS performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 2009 and July 2011. Demographic data, operative, and postoperative outcomes were collected.

Results

Demographic and tumor characteristics of robotic and laparoscopic LLS were similar. There were also no significant differences in operative outcomes including estimated blood loss and operating room time. Patients undergoing robotic LLS had more admissions to the ICU (46 versus 6 %), increased rate of minor complications (27 versus 0 %), and longer lengths of stay (4 versus 3 days). There were no significant differences in major complication rates or 90-day mortality. The cost of robotic and laparoscopic LLS was not significantly different when only considering direct costs ($5,130 versus $4,408, p = 0.401). However, robotic LLS costs were significantly greater when including indirect costs, which were estimated to be $1,423 per robotic case ($6,553 versus $4,408, p = 0.021).

Discussion

Robotic LLS yields slightly inferior clinical outcomes and increased cost compared to the laparoscopic approach.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Nguyen KT, Gamblin TC, Geller DA. World review of laparoscopic liver resection-2,804 patients. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):831–41.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen KT, Gamblin TC, Geller DA. World review of laparoscopic liver resection-2,804 patients. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):831–41.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Nguyen KT, Gamblin TC, Geller DA. Laparoscopic liver resection for cancer. Future Oncol. 2008 Oct;4(5):661–70.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen KT, Gamblin TC, Geller DA. Laparoscopic liver resection for cancer. Future Oncol. 2008 Oct;4(5):661–70.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Buell JF, Thomas MT, Rudich S, Marvin M, Nagubandi R, Ravindra KV, Brock G, McMasters KM.. Experience with more than 500 minimally invasive hepatic procedures. Ann Surg. 2008 Sep;248(3):475–86.PubMed Buell JF, Thomas MT, Rudich S, Marvin M, Nagubandi R, Ravindra KV, Brock G, McMasters KM.. Experience with more than 500 minimally invasive hepatic procedures. Ann Surg. 2008 Sep;248(3):475–86.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Lefor AT, Flowers JL. Laparoscopic wedge biopsy of the liver. J Am Coll Surg. 1994 Mar;178(3):307–8.PubMed Lefor AT, Flowers JL. Laparoscopic wedge biopsy of the liver. J Am Coll Surg. 1994 Mar;178(3):307–8.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Rogula T, Gagner M. Current status of the laparoscopic approach to liver resection. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2004;14(1):23–31.PubMedCrossRef Rogula T, Gagner M. Current status of the laparoscopic approach to liver resection. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2004;14(1):23–31.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Samama G, Chiche L, Brefort JL, Le Roux Y. Laparoscopic anatomical hepatic resection. Report of four left lobectomies for solid tumors. Surg Endosc. 1998 Jan;12(1):76–8.PubMedCrossRef Samama G, Chiche L, Brefort JL, Le Roux Y. Laparoscopic anatomical hepatic resection. Report of four left lobectomies for solid tumors. Surg Endosc. 1998 Jan;12(1):76–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference O’Rourke N, Fielding G. Laparoscopic right hepatectomy: surgical technique. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004 Feb;8(2):213–6.PubMedCrossRef O’Rourke N, Fielding G. Laparoscopic right hepatectomy: surgical technique. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004 Feb;8(2):213–6.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Gumbs AA, Gayet B. Totally laparoscopic central hepatectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Jul;12(7):1153.PubMedCrossRef Gumbs AA, Gayet B. Totally laparoscopic central hepatectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Jul;12(7):1153.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Nguyen KT, Laurent A, Dagher I, Geller DA, Steel J, Thomas MT, Marvin M, Ravindra KV, Mejia A, Lainas P, Franco D, Cherqui D, Buell JF, Gamblin TC. Minimally invasive liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional, international report of safety, feasibility, and early outcomes. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):842–8.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen KT, Laurent A, Dagher I, Geller DA, Steel J, Thomas MT, Marvin M, Ravindra KV, Mejia A, Lainas P, Franco D, Cherqui D, Buell JF, Gamblin TC. Minimally invasive liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional, international report of safety, feasibility, and early outcomes. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):842–8.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Nguyen KT, Marsh JW, Tsung A, Steel JJ, Gamblin TC, Geller DA. Comparative benefits of laparoscopic vs open hepatic resection: a critical appraisal. Arch Surg. 2011 Mar;146(3):348–56.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen KT, Marsh JW, Tsung A, Steel JJ, Gamblin TC, Geller DA. Comparative benefits of laparoscopic vs open hepatic resection: a critical appraisal. Arch Surg. 2011 Mar;146(3):348–56.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Cherqui D, Laurent A, Tayar C, Chang S, Van Nhieu JT, Loriau J, Karoui M, Duvoux C, Dhumeaux D, Fagniez PL. Laparoscopic liver resection for peripheral hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: midterm results and perspectives. Ann Surg. 2006 Apr;243(4):499–506.PubMedCrossRef Cherqui D, Laurent A, Tayar C, Chang S, Van Nhieu JT, Loriau J, Karoui M, Duvoux C, Dhumeaux D, Fagniez PL. Laparoscopic liver resection for peripheral hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: midterm results and perspectives. Ann Surg. 2006 Apr;243(4):499–506.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Belli G, Fantini C, D’Agostino A, Cioffi L, Langella S, Russolillo N, Belli A. Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with histologically proven cirrhosis: short- and middle-term results. Surg Endosc. 2007 Nov;21(11):2004–11.PubMedCrossRef Belli G, Fantini C, D’Agostino A, Cioffi L, Langella S, Russolillo N, Belli A. Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with histologically proven cirrhosis: short- and middle-term results. Surg Endosc. 2007 Nov;21(11):2004–11.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Chen HY, Juan CC, Ker CG. Laparoscopic liver surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Mar;15(3):800–6.PubMedCrossRef Chen HY, Juan CC, Ker CG. Laparoscopic liver surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Mar;15(3):800–6.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Dagher I, O’Rourke N, Geller DA, Cherqui D, Belli G, Gamblin TC, Lainas P, Laurent A, Nguyen KT, Marvin MR, Thomas M, Ravindra K, Fielding G, Franco D,Buell JF. Laparoscopic major hepatectomy: an evolution in standard of care. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):856–60.PubMedCrossRef Dagher I, O’Rourke N, Geller DA, Cherqui D, Belli G, Gamblin TC, Lainas P, Laurent A, Nguyen KT, Marvin MR, Thomas M, Ravindra K, Fielding G, Franco D,Buell JF. Laparoscopic major hepatectomy: an evolution in standard of care. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):856–60.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Polignano FM, Quyn AJ, de Figueiredo RS, Henderson NA, Kulli C, Tait IS. Laparoscopic versus open liver segmentectomy: prospective, case-matched, intention-to-treat analysis of clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness. Surg Endosc. 2008 Dec;22(12):2564–70.PubMedCrossRef Polignano FM, Quyn AJ, de Figueiredo RS, Henderson NA, Kulli C, Tait IS. Laparoscopic versus open liver segmentectomy: prospective, case-matched, intention-to-treat analysis of clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness. Surg Endosc. 2008 Dec;22(12):2564–70.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Lee KF, Cheung YS, Chong CN, Tsang YY, Ng WW, Ling E, Wong J, Lai PB. Laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for liver tumours: a case control study. Hong Kong Med J. 2007 Dec;13(6):442–8.PubMed Lee KF, Cheung YS, Chong CN, Tsang YY, Ng WW, Ling E, Wong J, Lai PB. Laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for liver tumours: a case control study. Hong Kong Med J. 2007 Dec;13(6):442–8.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Koffron AJ, Auffenberg G, Kung R, Abecassis M. Evaluation of 300 minimally invasive liver resections at a single institution: less is more. Ann Surg. 2007 Sep;246(3):385–92; discussion 92–4.PubMedCrossRef Koffron AJ, Auffenberg G, Kung R, Abecassis M. Evaluation of 300 minimally invasive liver resections at a single institution: less is more. Ann Surg. 2007 Sep;246(3):385–92; discussion 92–4.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Kitisin K, Packiam V, Bartlett DL, Tsung A. A current update on the evolution of robotic liver surgery. Minerva Chir. 2011 Aug;66(4):281–93.PubMed Kitisin K, Packiam V, Bartlett DL, Tsung A. A current update on the evolution of robotic liver surgery. Minerva Chir. 2011 Aug;66(4):281–93.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Choi SB, Park JS, Kim JK, Hyung WJ, Kim KS, Yoon DS, Lee WJ, Kim BR. Early experiences of robotic-assisted laparoscopic liver resection. Yonsei Med J. 2008 Aug 30;49(4):632–8.PubMedCrossRef Choi SB, Park JS, Kim JK, Hyung WJ, Kim KS, Yoon DS, Lee WJ, Kim BR. Early experiences of robotic-assisted laparoscopic liver resection. Yonsei Med J. 2008 Aug 30;49(4):632–8.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Vanounou T, Steel JL, Nguyen KT, Tsung A, Marsh JW, Geller DA, Gamblin TC. Comparing the clinical and economic impact of laparoscopic versus open liver resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Apr;17(4):998–1009.PubMedCrossRef Vanounou T, Steel JL, Nguyen KT, Tsung A, Marsh JW, Geller DA, Gamblin TC. Comparing the clinical and economic impact of laparoscopic versus open liver resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Apr;17(4):998–1009.PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
go back to reference Giulianotti PC, Sbrana F, Coratti A, Bianco FM, Addeo P, Buchs NC, Ayloo SM, Benedetti E. Totally robotic right hepatectomy: surgical technique and outcomes. Arch Surg. 2011 Jul;146(7):844–50.PubMedCrossRef Giulianotti PC, Sbrana F, Coratti A, Bianco FM, Addeo P, Buchs NC, Ayloo SM, Benedetti E. Totally robotic right hepatectomy: surgical technique and outcomes. Arch Surg. 2011 Jul;146(7):844–50.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ji WB, Wang HG, Zhao ZM, Duan WD, Lu F, Dong JH. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy in China: initial experience. Ann Surg. 2011 Feb;253(2):342–8.PubMedCrossRef Ji WB, Wang HG, Zhao ZM, Duan WD, Lu F, Dong JH. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy in China: initial experience. Ann Surg. 2011 Feb;253(2):342–8.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Lesurtel M, Cherqui D, Laurent A, Tayar C, Fagniez PL. Laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatic lobectomy: a case–control study. J Am Coll Surg. 2003 Feb;196(2):236–42.PubMedCrossRef Lesurtel M, Cherqui D, Laurent A, Tayar C, Fagniez PL. Laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatic lobectomy: a case–control study. J Am Coll Surg. 2003 Feb;196(2):236–42.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Aldrighetti L, Pulitano C, Catena M, Arru M, Guzzetti E, Casati M, Comotti L, Ferla G. A prospective evaluation of laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatic sectionectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Mar;12(3):457–62.PubMedCrossRef Aldrighetti L, Pulitano C, Catena M, Arru M, Guzzetti E, Casati M, Comotti L, Ferla G. A prospective evaluation of laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatic sectionectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Mar;12(3):457–62.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Abu Hilal M, McPhail MJ, Zeidan B, Zeidan S, Hallam MJ, Armstrong T, Primrose JN, Pearce NW. Laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatic sectionectomy: A comparative study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008 Dec;34(12):1285–8.PubMedCrossRef Abu Hilal M, McPhail MJ, Zeidan B, Zeidan S, Hallam MJ, Armstrong T, Primrose JN, Pearce NW. Laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatic sectionectomy: A comparative study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008 Dec;34(12):1285–8.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Chang S, Laurent A, Tayar C, Karoui M, Cherqui D. Laparoscopy as a routine approach for left lateral sectionectomy. Br J Surg. 2007 Jan;94(1):58–63.PubMedCrossRef Chang S, Laurent A, Tayar C, Karoui M, Cherqui D. Laparoscopy as a routine approach for left lateral sectionectomy. Br J Surg. 2007 Jan;94(1):58–63.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Azagra JS, Goergen M, Brondello S, Calmes MO, Philippe P, Schmitz B. Laparoscopic liver sectionectomy 2 and 3 (LLS 2 and 3): towards the “gold standard”. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2009;16(4):422–6.PubMedCrossRef Azagra JS, Goergen M, Brondello S, Calmes MO, Philippe P, Schmitz B. Laparoscopic liver sectionectomy 2 and 3 (LLS 2 and 3): towards the “gold standard”. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2009;16(4):422–6.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004 Aug;240(2):205–13.PubMedCrossRef Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004 Aug;240(2):205–13.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Koffron A, Geller D, Gamblin TC, Abecassis M. Laparoscopic liver surgery: Shifting the management of liver tumors. Hepatology. 2006 Dec;44(6):1694–700.PubMedCrossRef Koffron A, Geller D, Gamblin TC, Abecassis M. Laparoscopic liver surgery: Shifting the management of liver tumors. Hepatology. 2006 Dec;44(6):1694–700.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Cai XJ, Yang J, Yu H, Liang X, Wang YF, Zhu ZY, Peng SY. Clinical study of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for malignant liver tumors. Surg Endosc. 2008 Nov;22(11):2350–6.PubMedCrossRef Cai XJ, Yang J, Yu H, Liang X, Wang YF, Zhu ZY, Peng SY. Clinical study of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for malignant liver tumors. Surg Endosc. 2008 Nov;22(11):2350–6.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Nguyen KT, Geller DA. Outcomes of laparoscopic hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Dec 15;102(8):975–7.PubMedCrossRef Nguyen KT, Geller DA. Outcomes of laparoscopic hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Dec 15;102(8):975–7.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Topal B, Fieuws S, Aerts R, Vandeweyer H, Penninckx F. Laparoscopic versus open liver resection of hepatic neoplasms: comparative analysis of short-term results. Surg Endosc. 2008 Oct;22(10):2208–13.PubMedCrossRef Topal B, Fieuws S, Aerts R, Vandeweyer H, Penninckx F. Laparoscopic versus open liver resection of hepatic neoplasms: comparative analysis of short-term results. Surg Endosc. 2008 Oct;22(10):2208–13.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Mirnezami R, Mirnezami AH, Chandrakumaran K, Abu Hilal M, Pearce NW, Primrose JN, Sutcliffe RP. Short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic and open hepatic resection: systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford). 2011 May;13(5):295–308.CrossRef Mirnezami R, Mirnezami AH, Chandrakumaran K, Abu Hilal M, Pearce NW, Primrose JN, Sutcliffe RP. Short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic and open hepatic resection: systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford). 2011 May;13(5):295–308.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Buell JF, Cherqui D, Geller DA, O’Rourke N, Iannitti D, Dagher I, Koffron AJ, Thomas M, Gayet B, Han HS, Wakabayashi G, Belli G, Kaneko H, Ker CG, Scatton O, Laurent A, Abdalla EK, Chaudhury P, Dutson E, Gamblin C, D’Angelica M, Nagorney D, Testa G, Labow D, Manas D, Poon RT, Nelson H, Martin R, Clary B,Pinson WC, Martinie J, Vauthey JN, Goldstein R, Roayaie S, Barlet D, Espat J, Abecassis M, Rees M, Fong Y, McMasters KM, Broelsch C, Busuttil R, Belghiti J,Strasberg S, Chari RS. The international position on laparoscopic liver surgery: The Louisville Statement, 2008. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):825–30.PubMedCrossRef Buell JF, Cherqui D, Geller DA, O’Rourke N, Iannitti D, Dagher I, Koffron AJ, Thomas M, Gayet B, Han HS, Wakabayashi G, Belli G, Kaneko H, Ker CG, Scatton O, Laurent A, Abdalla EK, Chaudhury P, Dutson E, Gamblin C, D’Angelica M, Nagorney D, Testa G, Labow D, Manas D, Poon RT, Nelson H, Martin R, Clary B,Pinson WC, Martinie J, Vauthey JN, Goldstein R, Roayaie S, Barlet D, Espat J, Abecassis M, Rees M, Fong Y, McMasters KM, Broelsch C, Busuttil R, Belghiti J,Strasberg S, Chari RS. The international position on laparoscopic liver surgery: The Louisville Statement, 2008. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):825–30.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Vigano L, Laurent A, Tayar C, Tomatis M, Ponti A, Cherqui D. The learning curve in laparoscopic liver resection: improved feasibility and reproducibility. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):772–82.PubMedCrossRef Vigano L, Laurent A, Tayar C, Tomatis M, Ponti A, Cherqui D. The learning curve in laparoscopic liver resection: improved feasibility and reproducibility. Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):772–82.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Giulianotti PC, Coratti A, Angelini M, Sbrana F, Cecconi S, Balestracci T, Caravaglios G. Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. Arch Surg. 2003 Jul;138(7):777–84.PubMedCrossRef Giulianotti PC, Coratti A, Angelini M, Sbrana F, Cecconi S, Balestracci T, Caravaglios G. Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. Arch Surg. 2003 Jul;138(7):777–84.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Maeso S, Reza M, Mayol JA, Blasco JA, Guerra M, Andradas E, Plana MN. Efficacy of the Da Vinci surgical system in abdominal surgery compared with that of laparoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2010 Aug;252(2):254–62.PubMedCrossRef Maeso S, Reza M, Mayol JA, Blasco JA, Guerra M, Andradas E, Plana MN. Efficacy of the Da Vinci surgical system in abdominal surgery compared with that of laparoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2010 Aug;252(2):254–62.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Lotan Y, Cadeddu JA, Gettman MT. The new economics of radical prostatectomy: cost comparison of open, laparoscopic and robot assisted techniques. J Urol. 2004 Oct;172(4 Pt 1):1431–5.PubMedCrossRef Lotan Y, Cadeddu JA, Gettman MT. The new economics of radical prostatectomy: cost comparison of open, laparoscopic and robot assisted techniques. J Urol. 2004 Oct;172(4 Pt 1):1431–5.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Rawlings AL, Woodland JH, Vegunta RK, Crawford DL. Robotic versus laparoscopic colectomy. Surg Endosc. 2007 Oct;21(10):1701–8.PubMedCrossRef Rawlings AL, Woodland JH, Vegunta RK, Crawford DL. Robotic versus laparoscopic colectomy. Surg Endosc. 2007 Oct;21(10):1701–8.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Park BJ, Flores RM. Cost comparison of robotic, video-assisted thoracic surgery and thoracotomy approaches to pulmonary lobectomy. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 Aug;18(3):297–300, vii.PubMedCrossRef Park BJ, Flores RM. Cost comparison of robotic, video-assisted thoracic surgery and thoracotomy approaches to pulmonary lobectomy. Thorac Surg Clin. 2008 Aug;18(3):297–300, vii.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Bolenz C, Gupta A, Hotze T, Ho R, Cadeddu JA, Roehrborn CG, Lotan Y. Cost comparison of robotic, laparoscopic, and open radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2010 Mar;57(3):453–8.PubMedCrossRef Bolenz C, Gupta A, Hotze T, Ho R, Cadeddu JA, Roehrborn CG, Lotan Y. Cost comparison of robotic, laparoscopic, and open radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2010 Mar;57(3):453–8.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Rowe CK, Pierce MW, Tecci KC, Houck CS, Mandell J, Retik AB, Nguyen HT. A comparative direct cost analysis of pediatric urologic robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery: could robot-assisted surgery be less expensive? J Endourol. 2012; 26(7):871–877PubMedCrossRef Rowe CK, Pierce MW, Tecci KC, Houck CS, Mandell J, Retik AB, Nguyen HT. A comparative direct cost analysis of pediatric urologic robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery: could robot-assisted surgery be less expensive? J Endourol. 2012; 26(7):871–877PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Smith A, Kurpad R, Lal A, Nielsen M, Wallen EM, Pruthi RS. Cost analysis of robotic versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol. 2010 Feb;183(2):505–9.PubMedCrossRef Smith A, Kurpad R, Lal A, Nielsen M, Wallen EM, Pruthi RS. Cost analysis of robotic versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol. 2010 Feb;183(2):505–9.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Minimally Invasive Liver Resection: Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy
Authors
Vignesh Packiam
David L. Bartlett
Samer Tohme
Srinevas Reddy
J. Wallis Marsh
David A. Geller
Allan Tsung
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Issue 12/2012
Print ISSN: 1091-255X
Electronic ISSN: 1873-4626
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-012-2040-1

Other articles of this Issue 12/2012

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 12/2012 Go to the issue