Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Treatment Options in Oncology 1/2017

01-01-2017 | Leukemia (PH Wiernik, Section Editor)

Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Authors: Pamela J. Sung, MD PhD, Selina M. Luger, MD

Published in: Current Treatment Options in Oncology | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Opinion statement

New technology and improved understanding of the pathogenesis of acute leukemias have allowed for sensitive detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Despite many years of research demonstrating the prognostic value of MRD, there is no standard of care for measurement of MRD in acute myeloid leukemia. The techniques for assessment are continuing to improve at a rapid pace; however, the benefit of risk-adapted approaches for MRD positive disease remains a major question. This review focuses on recent methodological advances for MRD detection, the role of MRD in prognostication, and current application of the available evidence in guiding therapy decisions.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Patel B, Rai L, Buck G, Richards SM, Mortuza Y, Mitchell W, et al. Minimal residual disease is a significant predictor of treatment failure in non T-lineage adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: final results of the international trial UKALL XII/ECOG2993. Br J Haematol. 2009;148:80–9.CrossRefPubMed Patel B, Rai L, Buck G, Richards SM, Mortuza Y, Mitchell W, et al. Minimal residual disease is a significant predictor of treatment failure in non T-lineage adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: final results of the international trial UKALL XII/ECOG2993. Br J Haematol. 2009;148:80–9.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Grimwade D, Jovanovic JV, Hills RK, Nugent EA, Patel Y, Flora R, et al. Prospective minimal residual disease monitoring to predict relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia and to direct pre-emptive arsenic trioxide therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3650–8.CrossRefPubMed Grimwade D, Jovanovic JV, Hills RK, Nugent EA, Patel Y, Flora R, et al. Prospective minimal residual disease monitoring to predict relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia and to direct pre-emptive arsenic trioxide therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3650–8.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference DiNardo CD, Propert KJ, Loren AW, Paietta E, Sun Z, Levine RL, et al. Serum 2-hydroxyglutarate levels predict isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations and clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2013;121:4917–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral DiNardo CD, Propert KJ, Loren AW, Paietta E, Sun Z, Levine RL, et al. Serum 2-hydroxyglutarate levels predict isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations and clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2013;121:4917–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Papaemmanuil E, Gerstung M, Bullinger L, Gaidzik VI, Paschka P, Roberts ND, et al. Genomic classification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2209–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Papaemmanuil E, Gerstung M, Bullinger L, Gaidzik VI, Paschka P, Roberts ND, et al. Genomic classification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2209–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
go back to reference Cilloni D, Renneville A, Hermitte F, Hills RK, Daly S, Jovanovic JV, et al. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of minimal residual disease by standardized WT1 assay to enhance risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia: a European LeukemiaNet study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5195–201.CrossRefPubMed Cilloni D, Renneville A, Hermitte F, Hills RK, Daly S, Jovanovic JV, et al. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of minimal residual disease by standardized WT1 assay to enhance risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia: a European LeukemiaNet study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5195–201.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Alonso-Dominguez JM, Tenorio M, Velasco D, Abalo L, Lozano S, Villarrubia J, et al. Correlation of WT1 expression with the burden of total and residual leukemic blasts in bone marrow samples of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Genet. 2012;205:190–1.CrossRefPubMed Alonso-Dominguez JM, Tenorio M, Velasco D, Abalo L, Lozano S, Villarrubia J, et al. Correlation of WT1 expression with the burden of total and residual leukemic blasts in bone marrow samples of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Genet. 2012;205:190–1.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Perea G, Lasa A, Aventín A, Domingo A, Villamor N, de Llano MPQ, et al. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with favorable cytogenetics [t(8;21) and inv(16)]. Leukemia. 2005;20:87–94.CrossRef Perea G, Lasa A, Aventín A, Domingo A, Villamor N, de Llano MPQ, et al. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with favorable cytogenetics [t(8;21) and inv(16)]. Leukemia. 2005;20:87–94.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Leroy H, de Botton S, Grardel-Duflos N, Darre S, Leleu X, Roumier C, et al. Prognostic value of real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) in AML with t(8;21). Leukemia. 2005;19:367–72.CrossRefPubMed Leroy H, de Botton S, Grardel-Duflos N, Darre S, Leleu X, Roumier C, et al. Prognostic value of real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) in AML with t(8;21). Leukemia. 2005;19:367–72.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Krauter J, Gorlich K, Ottmann O, Lübbert M, Döhner H, Heit W, et al. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease quantification by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients with core binding factor leukemias. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4413–22.CrossRefPubMed Krauter J, Gorlich K, Ottmann O, Lübbert M, Döhner H, Heit W, et al. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease quantification by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients with core binding factor leukemias. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4413–22.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference •• Jourdan E, Boissel N, Chevret S, Delabesse E, Renneville A, Cornillet P, et al. Prospective evaluation of gene mutations and minimal residual disease in patients with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2013;121:2213–23. A large prospective study with uniformly treated patients demonstrating the prognostic value of using CBF PCR for MRD.CrossRefPubMed •• Jourdan E, Boissel N, Chevret S, Delabesse E, Renneville A, Cornillet P, et al. Prospective evaluation of gene mutations and minimal residual disease in patients with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2013;121:2213–23. A large prospective study with uniformly treated patients demonstrating the prognostic value of using CBF PCR for MRD.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference • Zhu H-H, Zhang X-H, Qin Y-Z, Liu D-H, Jiang H, Chen H, et al. MRD-directed risk stratification treatment may improve outcomes of t(8;21) AML in the first complete remission: results from the AML05 multicenter trial. Blood. 2013;121:4056–62. Demonstrated a potential role for allogeneic transplant for CBF leukemia if MRD+.CrossRefPubMed • Zhu H-H, Zhang X-H, Qin Y-Z, Liu D-H, Jiang H, Chen H, et al. MRD-directed risk stratification treatment may improve outcomes of t(8;21) AML in the first complete remission: results from the AML05 multicenter trial. Blood. 2013;121:4056–62. Demonstrated a potential role for allogeneic transplant for CBF leukemia if MRD+.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Vanderhoek M, Juckett MB, Perlman SB, Nickles RJ, Jeraj R. Early assessment of treatment response in patients with AML using [18F]FLT PET imaging. Leuk Res. 2011;35:310.CrossRefPubMed Vanderhoek M, Juckett MB, Perlman SB, Nickles RJ, Jeraj R. Early assessment of treatment response in patients with AML using [18F]FLT PET imaging. Leuk Res. 2011;35:310.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Willekens C, Blanchet O, Renneville A, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Pautas C, Guieze R, et al. Prospective long-term minimal residual disease monitoring using RQ-PCR in RUNX1-RUNX1T1-positive acute myeloid leukemia: results of the French CBF-2006 trial. Haematologica. 2016;101:328–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Willekens C, Blanchet O, Renneville A, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Pautas C, Guieze R, et al. Prospective long-term minimal residual disease monitoring using RQ-PCR in RUNX1-RUNX1T1-positive acute myeloid leukemia: results of the French CBF-2006 trial. Haematologica. 2016;101:328–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Miyamoto T, Weissman IL, Akashi K. AML1/ETO-expressing nonleukemic stem cells in acute myelogenous leukemia with 8;21 chromosomal translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:7521–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Miyamoto T, Weissman IL, Akashi K. AML1/ETO-expressing nonleukemic stem cells in acute myelogenous leukemia with 8;21 chromosomal translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:7521–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Wang Y, Wu D-P, Liu Q-F, Qin Y-Z, Wang J-B, Xu L-P, et al. In adults with t(8;21) AML, posttransplant RUNX1/RUNX1T1-based MRD monitoring, rather than c-KIT mutations, allows further risk stratification. Blood. 2014;124:1880–6.CrossRefPubMed Wang Y, Wu D-P, Liu Q-F, Qin Y-Z, Wang J-B, Xu L-P, et al. In adults with t(8;21) AML, posttransplant RUNX1/RUNX1T1-based MRD monitoring, rather than c-KIT mutations, allows further risk stratification. Blood. 2014;124:1880–6.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Krönke J, Schlenk RF, Jensen K-O, Tschürtz F, Corbacioglu A, Gaidzik VI, et al. Monitoring of minimal residual disease in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the German-Austrian acute myeloid leukemia study group. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2709–16.CrossRefPubMed Krönke J, Schlenk RF, Jensen K-O, Tschürtz F, Corbacioglu A, Gaidzik VI, et al. Monitoring of minimal residual disease in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the German-Austrian acute myeloid leukemia study group. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2709–16.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Corces-Zimmerman MR, Hong W-J, Weissman IL, Medeiros BC, Majeti R. Preleukemic mutations in human acute myeloid leukemia affect epigenetic regulators and persist in remission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:2548–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Corces-Zimmerman MR, Hong W-J, Weissman IL, Medeiros BC, Majeti R. Preleukemic mutations in human acute myeloid leukemia affect epigenetic regulators and persist in remission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:2548–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Hubmann M, Köhnke T, Hoster E, Schneider S, Dufour A, Zellmeier E, et al. Molecular response assessment by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after induction therapy in NPM1-mutated patients identifies those at high risk of relapse. Haematologica. 2014;99:1317–25.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hubmann M, Köhnke T, Hoster E, Schneider S, Dufour A, Zellmeier E, et al. Molecular response assessment by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after induction therapy in NPM1-mutated patients identifies those at high risk of relapse. Haematologica. 2014;99:1317–25.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference •• Ivey A, Hills RK, Simpson MA, Jovanovic JV, Gilkes A, Grech A, et al. Assessment of minimal residual disease in standard-risk AML. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:422–33. A large prospective study with uniformly treated patients demonstrating the prognostic value of using NPM1 mutation PCR for MRD.CrossRefPubMed •• Ivey A, Hills RK, Simpson MA, Jovanovic JV, Gilkes A, Grech A, et al. Assessment of minimal residual disease in standard-risk AML. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:422–33. A large prospective study with uniformly treated patients demonstrating the prognostic value of using NPM1 mutation PCR for MRD.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Cloos J, Goemans BF, Hess CJ, van Oostveen JW, Waisfisz Q, Corthals S, et al. Stability and prognostic influence of FLT3 mutations in paired initial and relapsed AML samples. Leukemia. 2006;20:1217.CrossRefPubMed Cloos J, Goemans BF, Hess CJ, van Oostveen JW, Waisfisz Q, Corthals S, et al. Stability and prognostic influence of FLT3 mutations in paired initial and relapsed AML samples. Leukemia. 2006;20:1217.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Levis MJ, Miller JE, Xie Z, McClain V, Carson AR, Stenzel T. Detection of minimal residual disease in FLT3/ITD AML. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34 :7015.suppl abstract Levis MJ, Miller JE, Xie Z, McClain V, Carson AR, Stenzel T. Detection of minimal residual disease in FLT3/ITD AML. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34 :7015.suppl abstract
22.
go back to reference Steensma DP, Bejar R, Jaiswal S, Lindsley RC, Sekeres MA, Hasserjian RP, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2015;126:9–16.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Steensma DP, Bejar R, Jaiswal S, Lindsley RC, Sekeres MA, Hasserjian RP, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2015;126:9–16.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference • Pløen GG, Nederby L, Guldberg P, Hansen M, Ebbesen LH, Jensen UB, et al. Persistence of DNMT3A mutations at long-term remission in adult patients with AML. Br J Haematol. 2014;167:478–86. Demonstrated that DNMT3a mutations are poor markers to follow for MRD.CrossRefPubMed • Pløen GG, Nederby L, Guldberg P, Hansen M, Ebbesen LH, Jensen UB, et al. Persistence of DNMT3A mutations at long-term remission in adult patients with AML. Br J Haematol. 2014;167:478–86. Demonstrated that DNMT3a mutations are poor markers to follow for MRD.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Rothenberg-Thurley M, Amler S, Goerlich D, Sauerland M-C, Schneider S, Konstandin NP, et al. Persistence of driver mutations during complete remission associates with shorter survival and contributes to the inferior outcomes of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2016;101 :S146.suppl abstract Rothenberg-Thurley M, Amler S, Goerlich D, Sauerland M-C, Schneider S, Konstandin NP, et al. Persistence of driver mutations during complete remission associates with shorter survival and contributes to the inferior outcomes of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2016;101 :S146.suppl abstract
25.
go back to reference Gaidzik V, Weber D, Paschka P, Kaumanns A, Krieger S, Corbacioglu A, et al. Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) of DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3Amut) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a study of the AML study group (AMLSG). Blood. 2015;126:226. Gaidzik V, Weber D, Paschka P, Kaumanns A, Krieger S, Corbacioglu A, et al. Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) of DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3Amut) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a study of the AML study group (AMLSG). Blood. 2015;126:226.
26.
go back to reference Klco JM, Miller CA, Griffith M, Petti A, Spencer DH, Ketkar-Kulkarni S, et al. Association between mutation clearance after induction therapy and outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. JAMA. 2015;314:811–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Klco JM, Miller CA, Griffith M, Petti A, Spencer DH, Ketkar-Kulkarni S, et al. Association between mutation clearance after induction therapy and outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. JAMA. 2015;314:811–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Steinbach D, Bader P, Willasch A, Bartholomae S, Debatin K-M, Zimmermann M, et al. Prospective validation of a new method of monitoring minimal residual disease in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;21:1353–9.CrossRefPubMed Steinbach D, Bader P, Willasch A, Bartholomae S, Debatin K-M, Zimmermann M, et al. Prospective validation of a new method of monitoring minimal residual disease in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;21:1353–9.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Goswami M, McGowan KS, Lu K, Jain N, Candia J, Hensel NF, et al. A multigene array for measurable residual disease detection in AML patients undergoing SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015;50:642–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Goswami M, McGowan KS, Lu K, Jain N, Candia J, Hensel NF, et al. A multigene array for measurable residual disease detection in AML patients undergoing SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015;50:642–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Chen Y, Cortes J, Estrov Z, Faderl S, Qiao W, Abruzzo L, et al. Persistence of cytogenetic abnormalities at complete remission after induction in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: prognostic significance and the potential role of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2507–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chen Y, Cortes J, Estrov Z, Faderl S, Qiao W, Abruzzo L, et al. Persistence of cytogenetic abnormalities at complete remission after induction in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: prognostic significance and the potential role of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2507–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
go back to reference Hindson CM, Chevillet JR, Briggs HA, Gallichotte EN, Ruf IK, Hindson BJ, et al. Absolute quantification by droplet digital PCR versus analog real-time PCR. Nat Methods. 2013;10:1003–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hindson CM, Chevillet JR, Briggs HA, Gallichotte EN, Ruf IK, Hindson BJ, et al. Absolute quantification by droplet digital PCR versus analog real-time PCR. Nat Methods. 2013;10:1003–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Brambati C, Galbiati S, Xue E, Toffalori C, Crucitti L, Greco R, et al. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for DNMT3A and IDH1/2 mutations to improve early detection of acute myeloid leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2015;101:e157.CrossRefPubMed Brambati C, Galbiati S, Xue E, Toffalori C, Crucitti L, Greco R, et al. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for DNMT3A and IDH1/2 mutations to improve early detection of acute myeloid leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2015;101:e157.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Parkin B, Joshi AL, Kang Q. High-sensitivity genomic minimal residual disease detection reveals multiclonal hematopoiesis and is associated with survival in adult AML. Blood. 2015;126:225. Parkin B, Joshi AL, Kang Q. High-sensitivity genomic minimal residual disease detection reveals multiclonal hematopoiesis and is associated with survival in adult AML. Blood. 2015;126:225.
34.
go back to reference Freeman SD, Virgo P, Couzens S, Grimwade D, Russell N, Hills RK, et al. Prognostic relevance of treatment response measured by flow cytometric residual disease detection in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:4123–31.CrossRefPubMed Freeman SD, Virgo P, Couzens S, Grimwade D, Russell N, Hills RK, et al. Prognostic relevance of treatment response measured by flow cytometric residual disease detection in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:4123–31.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference •• Terwijn M, van Putten WLJ, Kelder A, van der Velden VHJ, Brooimans RA, Pabst T, et al. High prognostic impact of flow cytometric minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia: data from the HOVON/SAKK AML 42A study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:3889–97. A large prospective study with uniformly treated patients demonstrating the prognostic value of using LAIP MFC for MRD.CrossRefPubMed •• Terwijn M, van Putten WLJ, Kelder A, van der Velden VHJ, Brooimans RA, Pabst T, et al. High prognostic impact of flow cytometric minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia: data from the HOVON/SAKK AML 42A study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:3889–97. A large prospective study with uniformly treated patients demonstrating the prognostic value of using LAIP MFC for MRD.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Othus M, Wood BL, Stirewalt DL, Estey EH, Petersdorf SH, Appelbaum FR, et al. Effect of measurable (“minimal”) residual disease (MRD) information on prediction of relapse and survival in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:2080–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Othus M, Wood BL, Stirewalt DL, Estey EH, Petersdorf SH, Appelbaum FR, et al. Effect of measurable (“minimal”) residual disease (MRD) information on prediction of relapse and survival in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:2080–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
go back to reference Zeijlemaker W, Kelder A, Oussoren-Brockhoff YJM, Scholten WJ, Snel AN, Veldhuizen D, et al. Peripheral blood minimal residual disease may replace bone marrow minimal residual disease as an immunophenotypic biomarker for impending relapse in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:708–15.CrossRefPubMed Zeijlemaker W, Kelder A, Oussoren-Brockhoff YJM, Scholten WJ, Snel AN, Veldhuizen D, et al. Peripheral blood minimal residual disease may replace bone marrow minimal residual disease as an immunophenotypic biomarker for impending relapse in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:708–15.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Marani C, Clavio M, Grasso R, Colombo N, Guolo F, Kunkl A, et al. Integrating post induction WT1 quantification and flow-cytometry results improves minimal residual disease stratification in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res. 2013;37:1606–11.CrossRefPubMed Marani C, Clavio M, Grasso R, Colombo N, Guolo F, Kunkl A, et al. Integrating post induction WT1 quantification and flow-cytometry results improves minimal residual disease stratification in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res. 2013;37:1606–11.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Rossi G, Minervini MM, Melillo L, di Nardo F, de Waure C, Scalzulli PR, et al. Predictive role of minimal residual disease and log clearance in acute myeloid leukemia: a comparison between multiparameter flow cytometry and Wilm’s tumor 1 levels. Ann Hematol. 2014;93:1149–57.PubMed Rossi G, Minervini MM, Melillo L, di Nardo F, de Waure C, Scalzulli PR, et al. Predictive role of minimal residual disease and log clearance in acute myeloid leukemia: a comparison between multiparameter flow cytometry and Wilm’s tumor 1 levels. Ann Hematol. 2014;93:1149–57.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Ouyang J, Goswami M, Peng J, Zuo Z, Daver N, Borthakur G, et al. Comparison of multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis and quantitative RT-PCR for the detection of minimal residual disease of core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2016;145:769–77.CrossRefPubMed Ouyang J, Goswami M, Peng J, Zuo Z, Daver N, Borthakur G, et al. Comparison of multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis and quantitative RT-PCR for the detection of minimal residual disease of core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2016;145:769–77.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Kayser S, Benner A, Thiede C, Martens U, Huber J, Stadtherr P, et al. Pretransplant NPM1 MRD levels predict outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J. 2016;6:e449.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kayser S, Benner A, Thiede C, Martens U, Huber J, Stadtherr P, et al. Pretransplant NPM1 MRD levels predict outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J. 2016;6:e449.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Rubnitz JE, Inaba H, Dahl G, Ribeiro RC, Bowman WP, Taub J, et al. Minimal residual disease-directed therapy for childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: results of the AML02 multicentre trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2010;11:543.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rubnitz JE, Inaba H, Dahl G, Ribeiro RC, Bowman WP, Taub J, et al. Minimal residual disease-directed therapy for childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: results of the AML02 multicentre trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2010;11:543.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference O'Hear C, Inaba H, Pounds S, Shi L, Dahl G, Bowman WP, et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin can reduce minimal residual disease in patients with childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 2013;119:4036–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral O'Hear C, Inaba H, Pounds S, Shi L, Dahl G, Bowman WP, et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin can reduce minimal residual disease in patients with childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 2013;119:4036–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
go back to reference Walter RB, Buckley SA, Pagel JM, Wood BL, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM, et al. Significance of minimal residual disease before myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for AML in first and second complete remission. Blood. 2013;122:1813–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Walter RB, Buckley SA, Pagel JM, Wood BL, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM, et al. Significance of minimal residual disease before myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for AML in first and second complete remission. Blood. 2013;122:1813–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
go back to reference •• Walter RB, Gyurkocza B, Storer BE, Godwin CD, Pagel JM, Buckley SA, et al. Comparison of minimal residual disease as outcome predictor for AML patients in first complete remission undergoing myeloablative or nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Leukemia. 2015;29:137–44. A large retrospective study using different from normal MFC demonstrating the prognostic value of pre-transplant MRD.CrossRefPubMed •• Walter RB, Gyurkocza B, Storer BE, Godwin CD, Pagel JM, Buckley SA, et al. Comparison of minimal residual disease as outcome predictor for AML patients in first complete remission undergoing myeloablative or nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Leukemia. 2015;29:137–44. A large retrospective study using different from normal MFC demonstrating the prognostic value of pre-transplant MRD.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Piciocchi A, Del Principe MI, Sarlo C, Cefalo M, et al. Minimal residual disease negativity in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia may indicate different postremission strategies than in younger patients. Ann Hematol. 2015;94:1319–26.CrossRefPubMed Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Piciocchi A, Del Principe MI, Sarlo C, Cefalo M, et al. Minimal residual disease negativity in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia may indicate different postremission strategies than in younger patients. Ann Hematol. 2015;94:1319–26.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Araki D, Wood BL, Othus M, Radich JP, Halpern AB, Zhou Y, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: time to move toward a minimal residual disease-based definition of complete remission? J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:329–36.CrossRefPubMed Araki D, Wood BL, Othus M, Radich JP, Halpern AB, Zhou Y, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: time to move toward a minimal residual disease-based definition of complete remission? J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:329–36.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Zhou Y, Othus M, Araki D, Wood BL, Radich JP, Halpern AB, et al. Pre- and post-transplant quantification of measurable (“minimal”) residual disease via multiparameter flow cytometry in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:1456–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhou Y, Othus M, Araki D, Wood BL, Radich JP, Halpern AB, et al. Pre- and post-transplant quantification of measurable (“minimal”) residual disease via multiparameter flow cytometry in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:1456–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
go back to reference Pozzi S, Geroldi S, Tedone E, Luchetti S, Grasso R, Colombo N, et al. Leukaemia relapse after allogeneic transplants for acute myeloid leukaemia: predictive role of WT1 expression. Br J Haematol. 2013;160:503–9.CrossRefPubMed Pozzi S, Geroldi S, Tedone E, Luchetti S, Grasso R, Colombo N, et al. Leukaemia relapse after allogeneic transplants for acute myeloid leukaemia: predictive role of WT1 expression. Br J Haematol. 2013;160:503–9.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Di Grazia C, Pozzi S, Geroldi S, Grasso R, Miglino M, Colombo N, et al. Wilms tumor 1 expression and pre-emptive immunotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing an allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22:1242–6.CrossRefPubMed Di Grazia C, Pozzi S, Geroldi S, Grasso R, Miglino M, Colombo N, et al. Wilms tumor 1 expression and pre-emptive immunotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing an allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22:1242–6.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Sockel K, Wermke M, Radke J, Kiani A, Schaich M, Bornhäuser M, et al. Minimal residual disease-directed preemptive treatment with azacitidine in patients with NPM1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse. Haematologica. 2011;96:1568–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sockel K, Wermke M, Radke J, Kiani A, Schaich M, Bornhäuser M, et al. Minimal residual disease-directed preemptive treatment with azacitidine in patients with NPM1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse. Haematologica. 2011;96:1568–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
go back to reference Platzbecker U, Platzbecker U, Wermke M, Wermke M, Radke J, Radke J, et al. Azacitidine for treatment of imminent relapse in MDS or AML patients after allogeneic HSCT: results of the RELAZA trial. Leukemia. 2012;26:381–9.CrossRefPubMed Platzbecker U, Platzbecker U, Wermke M, Wermke M, Radke J, Radke J, et al. Azacitidine for treatment of imminent relapse in MDS or AML patients after allogeneic HSCT: results of the RELAZA trial. Leukemia. 2012;26:381–9.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors
Pamela J. Sung, MD PhD
Selina M. Luger, MD
Publication date
01-01-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Treatment Options in Oncology / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1527-2729
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6277
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-017-0447-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Current Treatment Options in Oncology 1/2017 Go to the issue

Genitourinary Cancers (W Oh and M Galsky, Section Editors)

Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Leukemia (PH Wiernik, Section Editor)

Current Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine