Mikhail Borisovich Kroll is the founder of the Belarusian school of neurology and author of an important textbook on neuropathological syndromes [4]. He was born in Minsk in 1879 (the same year as Einstein) and died in Moscow in 1939 (the same year as Freud). His contributions include works on the localization of function, aphasia, viral diseases of the nervous system, and the adaptive role of the autonomic nervous system. The available biographical information derives from an article published in Russian on the centennial of his birth [10].