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Clinical & Experimental Metastasis
Published in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 1/2014

Open Access 01-01-2014 | Review

Metastasis of ovarian cancer is mediated by kallikrein related peptidases

Authors: Ying Dong, Daniela Loessner, Helen Irving-Rodgers, Andreas Obermair, James L. Nicklin, Judith A. Clements

Published in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Ovarian cancer, in particular epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is commonly diagnosed when the tumor has metastasized into the abdominal cavity with an accumulation of ascites fluid. Combining histopathology and genetic variations, EOC can be sub-grouped into Type-I and Type-II tumors, of which the latter are more aggressive and metastatic. Metastasis and chemoresistance are the key events associated with the tumor microenvironment that lead to a poor patient outcome. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are aberrantly expressed in EOC, in particular, in the more metastatic Type-II tumors. KLKs are a family of 15 serine proteases that are expressed in diverse human tissues and involved in various patho-physiological processes. As extracellular enzymes, KLKs function in the hydrolysis of growth factors, proteases, cell membrane bound receptors, adhesion proteins, and cytokines initiating intracellular signaling pathways and their downstream events. High KLK levels are differentially associated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, suggesting that they not only have application as biomarkers but also function in disease progression, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets. Recent studies have demonstrated the function of these proteases in promoting and/or suppressing the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells in metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Both conventional cell culture methods and three-dimensional platforms have been applied to mimic the ovarian cancer microenvironment of patients, such as the solid stromal matrix and ascites fluid. Here we summarize published studies to provide an overview of our understanding of the role of KLKs in EOC, and to lay the foundation for future research directions.
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Metadata
Title
Metastasis of ovarian cancer is mediated by kallikrein related peptidases
Authors
Ying Dong
Daniela Loessner
Helen Irving-Rodgers
Andreas Obermair
James L. Nicklin
Judith A. Clements
Publication date
01-01-2014
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0262-0898
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-013-9615-4

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